2022年考博英语-西南大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1

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1、2022年考博英语-西南大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题A budget approved by the European Parliament for the European Economic Community was declared adopted Tuesday despite opposition by ministers. The president of the Parliament, Simone Veil, signed the $24.2 billion 1982 budget, （1）the EEC into its third（2） budg

2、et conflict.Minutes after receiving a（3） from ministers to（4） the signing to give time to work out a（5） ，Veil told Britains Financial Secretary to the Treasury, Nicholas Ridley, she had adopted the budget.Ridley told reporters（6） speaking to Veil by telephone, She has adopted it, and she is absolute

3、ly（7） that the ministers should write to her in this way without （8） consultation”.EEC sources（9） most member states would probably（10） to make full payments to the budget as adopted, and the conflict was likely to（11） well into next year.The ministers letter to Veil,（12） after a meeting in Brussels

4、 Tuesday, （13） of serious consequences（14） the budget were adopted.“The council of ministers appeals to you to put off tile adoption of the 1982 budget（15） a consensus can be found . it said.The adoption（16） six months of tortuous negotiations between the 434-member Assembly and EEC budget ministers

5、 over 1982（17） .（18） was blocked in the（19） by parliaments addition earlier this month of some $250 million much of it for jobs programs.The number of people out of（20） in the EEC in November reached a record of almost 10 million or nine percent of the working population, according to the EEC statis

6、tics office.问题1选项A.undergoingB.confrontingC.plungingD.converting问题2选项A.consecutiveB.consequentC.sequentialD.preceding问题3选项A.bulkB.pleaC.honorD.grant问题4选项A.delayB.detainC.prolongD.extend问题5选项A.cooperationB.combinationC.compromiseD.coincidence问题6选项A.sinceB.beforeC.afterD.as问题7选项A.furiousB.cautiousC.ap

7、prehensiveD.nervous问题8选项A.urgentB.crucialC.priorD.durable问题9选项A.saidB.questionedC.toldD.addressed问题10选项A.contradictB.denyC.refuseD.concede问题11选项A.stretchB.lastC.gearD.proceed问题12选项A.outlinedB.draftedC.polishedD.compiled问题13选项A.warnedB.disposedC.dreamtD.conceived问题14选项A.even ifB.ifC.so thatD.for问题15选

8、项A.untilB.whileC.althoughD.since问题16选项A.characterizedB.followedC.stimulatedD.brought问题17选项A.spendingB.provisionsC.surveyD.slogan问题18选项A.clashB.agreementC.optionD.abundance问题19选项A.endB.dawnC.eventD.dark问题20选项A.reachB.shapeC.pulseD.work【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:A第5题:C第6题:C第7题:A第8题:C第9题:A第10题:C第11题:B第12题:

9、B第13题:A第14题:B第15题:A第16题:B第17题:A第18题:B第19题:A第20题:D【解析】（1）考察固定搭配。plunge into / in 使穷苦陷入（或遭受）。选项C符合题意。（2）考察形容词词义辨析。consecutive “连贯的，连续不断的”；consequent “随之发生的，作为结果的”；sequential “连续的”；preceding “在前的”。空格处所在句子的句意是：使EEC陷入了他们（连续的）第三次预算的冲突、矛盾中。选项A符合题意。（3）考察名词词义辨析。bulk “体积”；plea “呼吁；恳求”；honor “荣誉”；grant “拨款，授予”

10、。上文提到minister 是反对这个方案的，所以此处，他是呼吁推迟这个方案的施行。选项B符合题意。（4）考察动词词义辨析。delay “推迟”；detain “拘留，留住”；prolong “延长”；extend “延伸”。根据第53题的大意，可知选项A符合题意。（5）考察名词词义辨析。cooperation “合作”；combination “结合”；compromise “妥协”；coincidence “巧合”。空格处所在句子的大意是部长呼吁推迟通过这个方案的时间来找到折中的方法。选项C符合题意。（6）考察连词的用法。根据前文可知 Ridley是在与Veil打完电话之后才对记者发表讲话

11、的，所以选项C符合题意。（7）考察形容词词义辨析。furious “愤怒的”；cautious “小心的”；apprehensive “忧虑的，知晓的”；nervous “紧张的”。空格处所在句子的大意是：她感到很愤怒，觉得部长们应该直接写信给她，而不需要通过先前的会议来与她讨论预算拨款的事。选项A符合题意。（8）考察形容词词义辨析。urgent “紧急的”；crucial “重要的”；prior “优先的，在先的”；durable “耐用的”。参考第57题句意可知选项C符合题意。（9）考察动词词义辨析。said “宣布，表达”；questioned “质疑”；told “告诉”；addres

12、sed “向讲话”。空格处所在句子的句意是：EEC的资料显示，多数部长将有可能拒绝。选项A符合题意。（10）考察动词词义辨析。contradict “矛盾”；deny “否定”；refuse “拒绝”；concede “让步”。空格处所在句子的大意是大多数部长会拒绝全额支付这个预算方案。选项C符合题意。（11）考察动词词义辨析。stretch “延伸”；last “持续”；gear “适合”；proceed “进行”。空格处所在句子的大意是：这个争论可能会持续的第二年。选项B符合题意。（12）考察动词词义辨析。Outline “概述”；draft “起草”；polish“磨光”；compile

13、 “编制”。空格处所在句子的大意是：在星期二的Brussels会议后，部长起草了一封信给Veil。选项B符合题意。（13）考察动词词组辨析。Warn of “警告”；dispose of “处理，处置”；dream of “梦想”；conceive of “设想，构想”。空格处所在句子的大意是：告诫如果接受了预算拨款将出现严重的后果。选项A符合题意。（14）考察引导词的用法。根据上下文，该句是 if 引导的条件句，谓语动词用虚拟语气，所以后面的be动词用的是were。选项B符合题意。（15）考察连词的用法。空格处所在句子的大意是：部长想让Veil 等到部长们的意见一致了才采用预算拨款。选项A

14、“直到才”符合题意。（16）考察动词词义辨析。characterize “以为特征”；follow “跟随”；stimulate “刺激”；bring “带来，引来”。空格处所在句子的大意是：预算拨款的采用随着434名Assembly和EEC的预算部长，经历了六个月的曲折谈判。选项B符合题意。（17）考察动词词义辨析。spend “花费”；provision “供给食品”；survey “调查”；slogan “标语”。spending 与前文的 payment 构成呼应，符合题意。（18）考察名词词义辨析。clash “冲突”；agreement “协议”；option “选择权”；abun

15、dance “充裕”。与前文提到的consensus 一致，空格处所在句子大意是：协议最终被议会阻止了。选项B符合题意。（19）考察固定搭配。in the end “最后”。选项A符合题意。（20）考察固定搭配。out of work “失业”。work 与上文的job相照应，符合题意。2. 单选题This pair of boots cost much less than yours for I bought them when the department store made a （ ）of the stored goods.问题1选项A.clearanceB.reductionC.fo

16、rtuneD.deal【答案】B【解析】考察名词词义辨析。Clearance “清理”；reduction “减少”；fortune “财富，运气”；deal “交易”。句意：我这双靴子没有花你那么多钱，因为我买它的时候商场正好降价销售存货。选项B符合题意。3. 单选题Before the bank was willing to lend him money, it had to （ ）that he was the true owner of the house.问题1选项A.verifyB.entrustC.acknowledgeD.grant【答案】A【解析】考察动词词义辨析。verif

17、y “核实，查证”；entrust “委托，信托”；acknowledge “承认，答谢”；grant “授予”。句意：在贷款给他之前，银行会先证实他是否是这房子真正的主人。选项A符合题意。4. 单选题With the rapid globalization of science itself (more than 40 percent of scientific Ph.D. students trained in the United States are now foreign nationals, roughly half of whom return to their countrie

18、s of origin), the once undisputed U.S. scientific lead, whether relevant to product lead or not, is diminishing.The competition of foreign students for positions in U.S. graduate schools has also contributed to making scientific training relatively unattractive to U.S. students, because the rapidly

19、increasing supply of students has diminished the relative rewards of this career path. For the best and brightest from low-income countries, a position as a research assistant in the United States is attractive, whereas the best and brightest U.S. students might now see better options in other field

20、s. Science and engineering careers, to the extent that they are opening up to foreign competition (whether imported or available through better communication), also seem to be becoming relatively less attractive to U.S. students.With respect to the role of universities in the innovation process, the

21、” speculative boom of the 1990s (which, among other things, made it possible to convert scientific findings into cash rather quickly) was largely unexpected. The boom brought universities and their faculties into much closer contact with private markets as they tried to gain as much of the economic

22、dividends from their discoveries as possible. For a while, the path between discoveries in basic science and new flows of hard cash was considerably shortened. But during the next few decades, this path likely will revert toward its more traditional length and reestablish, in a healthy way, the more

23、 traditional (and more independent) relationship between the basic research done at universities and those entities that translate ideas into products and services.In the intervening years, another new force also greatly facilitated globalization: the rapid growth of the Internet and cheap wide-band

24、width international communication. Today, complex design activities can take place in locations quite removed from manufacturing, other business functions, and the consumer. Indeed, there is now ample opportunity for real-time communication between business functions that are quite independent of th

25、eir specific locations. For example, software development, with all its changes and complications, can to a considerable extent be done overseas for a U.S. customer. Foreign call centers can respond instantly to questions from thousands of miles away. The result is that low-wage workers in the Far E

26、ast and in some other countries are coming into ever more direct competition with a much wider spectrum of U.S. labor: unskilled in the case of call centers; more highly skilled in the case of programmers.1.The rapid globalization of science（ ）.2.According to this text （ ）.3.It can be inferred from

27、the text that（ ）.4.All of the following might have contributed to globalization except（ ）.5.This text is mainly about（ ）.问题1选项A.has led to the rapid growth of the InternetB.has diminished the relative rewards of science and engineering careersC.has resulted in the fierce competition of scientific tr

28、aining in the USD.has contributed to the diminish of U.S. scientific leadership问题2选项A.the careers unattractive to U.S. students may not be so to foreign studentsB.science and engineering careers are unattractive exclusively to U.S. studentsC.U.S. students are not courageous enough to face foreign co

29、mpetitionD.U.S. students are not well prepared to compete with foreign students问题3选项A.scientists rarely expect to make money from their discoveries in basic scienceB.it will be much easier to convert scientific findings into cash in the near futureC.the boom of the 1990s could be considered somewhat

30、 unhealthyD.the boom of the 1990s will last at least for several decades问题4选项A.the unprecedented development of InternetB.the closer contact of universities with private marketsC.real-time communication between business functionsD.the prevalence of wide-band width international communication问题5选项A.t

31、he scientific leadership of the U.SB.the shortage of scientists in the U. SC.The rapid globalization of scienceD.Better communication and globalization【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.文章第一段提到美国40%的博士生都是来自其他国家，而这些学生在美国接受完教育后选择回到自己的祖国，因此，随着科学本身的国际化，美国在科学界领域的地位正在下降（is diminishing）。选项D符合题意。2.文章第二段提到了美

32、国本国的学生与国外留学生对工作选择的期望不同：那些来自于低收入国家的学生会对一个研究助理的职位趋之若鹜，而本国的学生却对此不感兴趣，他们有更好的选择(see better options in other fields)。选项A “对于美国本国学生没有吸引力的工作，对外国学生却有着吸引力”符合题意。3.文章第三段前半部分提到90年代的投机性高涨（speculative boom），这种高涨导致学校里的老师只想尽可能多的去获得更多的经济利益 (the boom brought universities and their faculties into much closer contact wi

33、th private markets as they tried to gain as much of the economic dividends from their discoveries as possible)，后半部分But during the next few decades, this path likely will revert toward its more traditional length and reestablish, in a healthy way, the more traditional (and more independent) relations

34、hip between the basic research done at universities and those entities that translate ideas into products and services 提到接下来的几十年，一种健康的方式在逆转之前的道路，由此可推断90年代的繁荣被认为是不健康的。选项C符合题意。4.文章最后一段前半部分提到互网的诞生、廉价的款待网络沟通方式（the rapid growth of the Internet and cheap wide-bandwidth international communication）、不同地方的商业

35、机构的实时沟通都推动了全球化进程 （ real-time communication between business functions that are quite independent of their specific locations），所以只有选项B没有推动全球化，符合题意。5.文章第一二段主要讲述了由于留学生的增多，并且这些学生大都会选择回自己的国家，从而导致美国在科学界的领先地位开始动摇，第三段讲述了90年代那种不健康的高涨：很多学校的教师将科学与经济利益挂钩，最后一段提到的全球化的原因跟导致的结果。所以文章主要在论述美国在科学界的领先地位与科学全球化的关系。选项A符合题意

36、。5. 单选题As long as Hurston remains susceptible to what are essentially political judgments, her literary fortunes will continue to fluctuate with the temper of the times. Criticism that restricts itself to ideology misses the basic reason the writer is worth reading in the first place. Hurston belong

37、s among the American classics not because of her politics but because of her language. She was at pains to distinguish herself from other writers with clearly defined social and political agendas. Some writers, Hurston charged, think there is bravery in writing for those “who want to hear the same t

38、hing over and over again even though they already know it by heart. It is the same thing as waving the flag in a poorly constructed play.”Hurstons saving distinction was her exquisitely sensitive ear. She was sometimes out of tune, as when she tried to devise metaphors that were self-consciously lit

39、erary (there is a basin in the mind where words float around3). But when she deployed colloquial speech and celebrated its ability to move beyond mere denotation, she was a spectacular writer, and the farthest thing from a flag waver. When, for instance, she describes a speeding train, she uses a wo

40、rd that perfectly conveys the sound of the wheels clicking over the track joints: it “schickalacked” over the rails.Hurston was a brilliant transcriber of colloquial language and teller of folktales, but these were only part of her achievement. When writing in her own voice, she renders the world in

41、 phrases that are palpable and wonderfully immediate. This is a writer who understood that spontaneous image-making is the mark of a living language, that a shared language is the only conduit we have into the interior lives of other people.Hurstons real subject, and this is the reason her work will

42、 abide, was the universal disjunction between the limitless human imagination and the constrictions within which all human beings live. She happened to know best how to exemplify this theme by writing about the lives of Black women in the American South, which in itself is cause for neither praise n

43、or blame. Hurston rejected all the conventional categories -race, class, gender-by which some of her latest critics organize experience. “My interest lies in what makes a man or woman do such-and-so, regardless of color.”1.The passage primarily conveys the authors （ ）.2.In line 2, “temper” most near

44、ly means（ ）.3.Hurston criticize “some writers” (lines 6-8) for（ ）.4.The sentence beginning “she was sometimes.” (lines 9-11) serves primarily to（ ）.5.In the underlined lines 22-23 (“she.blame”)，the author most directly implies that（ ）.问题1选项A.enthusiasm about Hurstons social activismB.amusement at th

45、ose who misunderstand Hurstons viewsC.skepticism about Hustons permanence as a literary iconD.appreciation for Hurstons literary talents问题2选项A.courageB.composureC.moodD.resiliency问题3选项A.relying on the appeal of popular themesB.abandoning their writing when they encounter difficulties in getting publ

46、ishedC.shirking patriotic duties during times of personal hardshipD.being unwilling to write what the public most wants to read问题4选项A.note an exception to the claim made in the previous sentenceB.provide an example of Hurstons effective use of poetic languageC.emphasize the authors central argument

47、about Hurstons styleD.reveal a little-known accomplishment of Hurstons问题5选项A.the characters in Hurstons fiction were often more controversial that their real-life counterpartsB.too much should not be made of Hurstons choice of whom to write aboutC.Hurston felt compelled to apologize for writing abou

48、t what was most interesting to herD.Hurstons peers could not identify with her characters【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:A第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.考察作者意图。文章第一段第三句Hurston belongs among the American classics not because of her politics but because of her language提到Hurston成为美国经典不是因为她的政治地位而是她的文字，可以看出作者对Hurston的文学才能是表示赞赏的，选项D符

49、合题意。2.考察词义。文章第一段第一句As long as Hurston remains susceptible to what are essentially political judgments, her literary fortunes will continue to fluctuate with the temper of the times.提到Hurston的文学命运随着时代的“脾气”不断的起伏。选项C中的mood与之相近，符合题意。3.考察细节事实。文章第一段Some writers, Hurston charged, think there is bravery in

50、writing for those “who want to hear the same thing over and over again even though they already know it by heart. It is the same thing as waving the flag in a poorly constructed play.”提到Hurston认为有些作家写的内容都是陈词滥调，过分迎合大众的口味，没有新意。选项A符合题意。4.考察判断推理。文章第二段第二句She was sometimes out of tune, as when she tried t

51、o devise metaphors that were self-consciously literary (there is a basin in the mind where words float around)提到了Hurston的写作风格，喜欢用暗喻的手法，选项C符合题意。5.考察判断推理。文章最后一段第二句话She happened to know best how to exemplify this theme by writing about the lives of Black women in the American South, which in itself is

52、cause for neither praise nor blame提到Hurston碰巧最懂得如何通过描写美国南部黑人妇女的生活来例证这一主题，而这本身既不值得赞扬，也不应该受到指责。由此可知作者认为没有必要将注意力过多放在Hurston写的人物身上。选项B符合题意。6. 单选题I （ ）the ministers figures, the true cost of the project is much higher.问题1选项A.contendB.agreeC.disputeD.disagree【答案】C【解析】考察动词词义辨析。contend “主张；为斗争”；agree “同意”；d

53、ispute “辩论；争吵”；disagree “不同意；不一致”。句意：我怀疑部长所说的数据项目的实际花费更高。选项C符合题意。7. 单选题Bruce Stephen gripped （ ）the wheel hard as the car bounced up and down.问题1选项A.stirringB.drivingC.steeringD.revolving【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。stirring “激起”；driving “驾驶”；steering “掌舵”；revolving “旋转”。句意：当汽车上下弹跳时Bruce Stephen 仅仅抓住了方向盘。选项C符合

54、题意。8. 单选题Bacteria are extremely small living things. While we measure our own sizes in inches or centimeters, bacterial size is measured in microns. One micron is a thousandth of a millimeter: a pinhead is about a millimeter across. Rod-shaped bacteria are usually from two to four microns long, whil

55、e rounded ones are generally one micron in diameter. Thus, if you enlarged a rounded bacterium a thousand times, it would be just about the size of a pinhead. An adult human magnified by the same amount would be over a mile (1.6 kilometers) tall.Even with an ordinal microscopy, you must look closely

56、 to see bacteria. Using a magnification of 100 times, one finds that bacteria are barely visible as tiny rods or dots. One cannot make out anything of their structure. Using special stains, one can see that some bacteria have attached to them wavy-looking hairs called flagella. Others have only one

57、flagellum. The flagella rotate, pushing the bacteria through the water. Many bacteria lack flagella and cannot move about by their own power, while others can glide along over surfaces by some little-understood mechanismFrom the bacterial point of view, the world is a very different place from what

58、it is to humans. To a bacterium, water is as thick as molasses is to us. Bacteria are so small that they are influenced by the movements of the chemical molecules around themBacteria under the microscope, even those with no flagella, often bounce about in the water. This is because they collide with

59、 the water molecules and are pushed this way and that. Molecules move so rapidly that within a tenth of a second the molecules around a bacterium have all been replaced by new ones; even bacteria without flagella are thus constantly exposed to a changing environment.1.Which of the following is the m

60、ain topic of the passage?2.Bacteria are measured in （ ）.3.Which of the following is the smallest?4.According to the passage, someone who examines bacteria using only a microscope that magnifies 100 times would see（ ）.5.The relationship between a bacterium and its flagella is most nearly analogous to

61、 which of the following?问题1选项A.The characteristics of bacteriaB.How bacteria reproduceC.The various functions of bacteriaD.How bacteria contribute to disease问题2选项A.InchesB.CentimetersC.MicronsD.millimeters问题3选项A.A pinheadB.A rounded bacteriumC.A microscopeD.A rod-shaped bacterium问题4选项A.tiny dotsB.sm

62、all hairs”C.large rodsD.detailed structures问题5选项A.A rider jumping on a horses backB.A ball being hit by a batC.A boat powered by a motorD.A door closed by a gust of wind.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:B第4题:A第5题:A【解析】1.文章主要介绍了细菌“小”的这个特点 （Bacteria are extremely small living things）。选项A符合题意。2.文章第一段第二句While we measure o