2022年考博英语-厦门大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷62

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1、2022年考博英语-厦门大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Identity theft can range for the simple theft of a credit card,or it can go into more complex schemes where the thieves can_hundreds of people at a time.问题1选项A.embodyB.impersonateC.personifyD.assume【答案】B【解析】embody使具体化; impersonate模仿, 扮演; personify赋予.以人性, 使人格化;

2、 assume假定, 设想。句意：身份盗窃可以简単地归类于信用卡盗窃，也可以是更复杂的方案，比如窃贼可以一次冒充数百人。选项B符合句意。2. 单选题Many of the conditions that_population pressuresovercrowding, unemployment, poverty, hunger and illnesslead to dissatisfaction.问题1选项A.bring forwardB.give rise toC.feed up withD.result from【答案】D【解析】bring forward提出, 提供; give ris

3、e to引起, 导致, 使发生; feed up with使对厌烦; result from起因于, 由造成。句意：过度拥挤、失业、贫穷、饥饿和疾病等诸多情况都是由人口压力造成的, 从而导致了不满。选项D符合句意。3. 单选题The flicker of impatience in the husbands eyes melts into bemused_as his wife asks for just a little more time at the mall.问题1选项A.resignationB.regradationC.retiralD.reverse【答案】A【解析】resign

4、ation放弃, 顺从; regradation倒退, 后退; retiral退休, 撤退; reverse 相反, 倒退。句意：当妻子要求在商场“再多待一会儿”时, 丈夫眼中闪现的不耐烦化为了呆滞的放弃。选项A符合句意。4. 单选题Many agents quit and say they are leaving because they are_and want better pay and more humane working conditions,including less travel.问题1选项A.reverted toB.backed upC.fed upD.thrust i

5、n【答案】D【解析】revert to回复, 归还; back up支持, 倒退; feed up供给食物; thrust in闯入；不恰当地插入。句意：许多经纪人辞职后表示，他们之所以离开，是因为他们受到干涉，并且想要更高的报酬和更加人性化的工作环境，包括减少出差旅行。选项D符合句意。5. 单选题Antiwar champion Rep. John Murtha wants to attach conditions on the impending supplemental_bill to fund the war.问题1选项A.approbationsB.approximationsC.a

6、pprehensionsD.appropriations【答案】D【解析】approbation官方批准, 认可; approximation接近,近似值; apprehension理解,恐惧, 逮捕；appropriation挪用,拨款。句意：反战派共和党员John Murtha希望对即将通过的为战争提供资金的追加拨款法案附加条件。选项D符合句意。6. 单选题In the wake of the 70-vehicle pileup,a slew of lawsuits are expected to be_against drivers, trucking companies and sev

7、eral state agencies alleging negligence and wrongful death.问题1选项A.subjectedB.filedC.committedD.surrendered【答案】B【解析】subject使屈从于, 使隶属; file把归档, 提出(申请等); commit犯罪,做错事; surrender投降, 自首。句意：在这起70辆汽车连环相撞事件发生后, 预计将对司机、货运公司和几家州政府机构提起一系列诉讼, 指控他们玩忽职守和过失杀人。file a lawsuit against控告, 起诉。选项B符合句意。7. 单选题The Committe

8、e has approved your qualifications and you will be_to the retiring Head Clerks post.问题1选项A.employedB.appointedC.admittedD.accepted【答案】B【解析】employed雇用; appointed任命为; admitted接纳; accepted接受。句意：委员会已批准你的资格, 你将被任命为退休的文书主任。选项B符合句意。8. 单选题A completely new situation will_when the new examination system comes

9、 into existence.问题1选项A.riseB.raiseC.ariseD.arouse【答案】C【解析】句意：当新的考试制度出现时, 将会出现一个全新的局面。rise提高, 上升; raise筹集, 养育; arise出现, 上升; arouse引起, 唤起。只有选项C有出现, 产生的意思。所以本题选C。9. 单选题The patients_symptoms to get appointments quicker and ask doctors to hide the truth from insurance companies.问题1选项A.feignB.obstructC.co

10、inageD.conjure【答案】A【解析】feign假装, 捏造; obstruct阻隔, 妨碍；coinage造币; conjure祈求。句意：患者假装生病以便更快地得到预约, 并要求医生向保险公司隐瞒事实。选项A符合句意。10. 单选题There are several possible explanations for the greater job_in Japan in contrast to the great job mobility in the United States.问题1选项A.sensitivityB.creativityC.stabilityD.securit

11、y【答案】C【解析】sensitivity敏感性; creativity创造性; stability稳定性; security安全性。句意：与美国巨大的工作流动性相比, 日本的工作稳定性更强有几种可能的解释。mobility的反义词为stability, 所以本题选C。11. 单选题I get asked about what individuals can do to stay current in a world that somehow keeps_and repeating patterns ail at the same time.问题1选项A.transformingB.disto

12、rtingC.convertingD.contorting【答案】A【解析】transform转换, 改变; distort扭曲, 曲解; convert使转变; contort扭曲, 歪曲。句意：有人问我，在一个不断改变的同时又重复着那些模式的世界里，个人如何才能保持与时俱进。这里强调的是变化，所以选项A符合句意。12. 单选题The workers of space shuttle Discovery got into the back of the shuttle to look for_in the electronics that send data from the sensors

13、 to onboard computers.问题1选项A.glitchesB.suspectsC.orbitersD.pitches【答案】A【解析】glitch失灵，小故障；suspect嫌疑犯；orbiter盘旋物，人造卫星； pitch斜度。句意：航天飞机“发现者”号上的工作人员们进入飞机的后部，寻找将数据从传感器发送到机载计算机上的电子设备的故障。选项A符合句意。13. 案例题Tourists are guilty, so we are frequently told, of a number of crimes: upsetting the ecological balance of

14、 Mount Himalayas,parking wads of chewing gum under the benches of museums and art galleries, wearing unsuitable T-shirts in Notre Dame, debauching the local peasantry and generally lowering the tone of everywhere they choose to set their benighted feet. Rarely has a group of people been so widely re

15、viled,and I am one of them. So are you. Ive been a tourist in Provence for about 15 years now often on the receiving end of criticism or mild abuse from people who accuse me of having ruined the region by writing about it. Curiously,these complaints,which are sometimes offensive and invariably very

16、shrill,do not come from the Provence themselves,who seem to regard me as a fairly benevolent oddity,but from my fellow tourists.From their vantage points in London or Brussels or Boston,they deplore what they say has happened to Provence. They know,from investigations carried out during their brief

17、annual vacations,that Provence has changed. The markets are more crowded,the prices have gone up,the restaurants are full, the sunniest cafe tables are taken,bakers run out of bread,waiters run out of patience,there is nowhere to park and nobodybut nobodycan be found to fix a leaking pool.Mass touri

18、sm in Provence started more than 2,600 years ago with the arrival of Greeks from Phocea, who founded Marseille. They were a civilizing influence and provided jobs for the locals, and could therefore be described as acceptable tourists. So were the Romans, who built the monuments and viaducts and amp

19、hitheaters that we still enjoy. Then came a bad patch,with the arrival of Visigoths, Ostrogoths and Franks. They amused themselves by terrifying the inhabitants and ravaging the countryside. Here, perhaps, is where it had its start: the reputation of tourists as slobs.After many years of on-the-spot

20、 observation, I would like to put in a good word for this much-maligned species. The overwhelming majority of these visitors are amiable and considerate people who want nothing more than quiet enjoyment. They have come to Provence for sunshine and spectacular scenery, for the food and the wine,for a

21、 pleasant break from real life. Of course there are crowds,particularly in July and August,but these tend to be confined to the towns and postcard villages. For those who want solitude,beautiful and empty countryside is only a short drive away.Personally, I have never found the tourist season intole

22、rable; indeed,there is reason to be grateful for some of its effects. If it werent for the money that tourism brings,many of the chateaux and gardens open to the public would become derelict; monuments would be left to crumble; many restaurants could never survive on local custom alone; it wouldnt b

23、e worth putting on concerts or village fetes. Rural life would be the poorer.Obviously,this is not true everywhere. Some parts of the world have been so thoroughly overexploited that they have lost whatever charm they once possessed. This is usually the result of local greed; but the tourist,not the

24、 rapacious developer,gets most of the blame.The passage below summarizes the main points of the passage. Read the summary and then select the best word or phrase from the box blow according to the passage. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET wit

25、h a single line through the center.Tourists are frequently criticized (1) the ecological balance of Mount Himalayas and (2) chewing gum under the benches of museum and art galleries. They are also blamed for their (3) while visiting Notre Dame. My fellow tourists have reviled me for having destroyed

26、 Provence (4) . They have made a lot of complains (5) . For instance,there have been the busier markets,higher prices, (6) restaurants, cafe tables and parking lots, (7) empty bakeries and impatient waiters. Yet,Provence began (8) over 2,600 years ago. The locals welcomed Greeks (9) , and Romans (10

27、) , viaducts and amphitheaters. But those of Visigoths, Ostrogoths and Franks brought the tourists into (11) by terrifying the inhabitants and (12) . According my observation,I would like to say a few words (13) those much blamed tourists. Most of them are amiable and considerate,and they came mostl

28、y to the towns and postcard villages in Provence in July and August just for sunshine, (14) , the food, the wine, a pleasant break from real life. I believe Provence has been (15) to tourism (16) the chateaux, gardens and monuments, and (17) concerts and village fetes in the districts. But usually t

29、he tourist is (18) the blame (19) and (20) in some parts of the world.A.spectacular scenery B.for the holding of C.not to mentionD.grateful E.the smearing of F.based on their own perspectives G.its massive tourismH.by writing about it I.ravaging the countryside J.for their spoilage of K.shouldered L

30、.for the overexploitation M.amiable and considerateN.high occupancy of O.for the survival of P.the lost charmQ.poor behavior R.for the monuments S.disrepute T.for their civilizing influence【答案】1.J2.E3.Q4.H5.F6.N7.C8.G9.T10.R11.S12.I13.M14.A15.D16.O17.B18.K19.L20.P【解析】1.根据第一段的第一句“.upsetting the ecolo

31、gical balance of Mount Himalayas.”游客经常被批评， 因为破坏了喜马拉雅山的生态平衡。所以，填空处为“for their spoilage of”，指损坏，糟蹋。2.根据第一段的第一句“.parking wads of chewing gum under the benches of museums and art galleries.”在博物馆和艺术画廊的长椅下放口香糖。所以，空格处应填the smearing of”，指弄脏。3.根据“wearing unsuitable T-shirts in Notre Dame.”可知，空格处应填“poor behav

32、ior”，指不雅的行为。4.根据第一段的倒数第二句“Ive been a tourist in Provence.having ruined the region by writing about it.”我在普罗旺斯做了大约15年的游客， 现在经常受到一些人的批评或轻微的辱骂，他们指责我通过写有关普罗旺斯的文章“毁了”这个地区。所以, 空格处应填“by writing about if”。5.根据第一段的最后一句可知, 他们的抱怨不是来自于普罗旺斯人, 而是基于游客自己的观点。所以, 空格处应填 ”based on their own perspectives”。6.根据第二段的第三句“Th

33、e markets are more crowded,the prices have gone up,the restaurants are full, the sunniest cafe tables are taken,.”市场更加拥挤，物价上涨，餐馆客满，阳光最充足的咖啡馆也挤满了人。所以, 空格处应填“high occupancy of 。7.根据第二段的内容可知, 市场更加拥挤, 物价上涨, 餐馆客满, 阳光最充足的咖啡馆也挤满了人， 更不用说卖空了的面包店和不耐烦的服务员。not to mention指更不用说。8.根据第三段的第一句“Mass tourism in Provenc

34、e started more than 2,600 years ago.”可知，填空处应填“its massive tourism”。9.根据第三段的第二句“They were a civilizing influence and provided jobs for the locals, and could therefore be described as acceptable tourists.”希腊人受到当地人的欢迎是因为他们对文明产生了影嘛并为当地人提供了工 作。所以，空格处应填“for their civilizing influence”。10.根据第三段的第二句“So were

35、 the Romans,who built the monuments and viaducts and amphitheaters that we still enjoy.”罗马人受到当地人的欢迎是因为他们建造了纪念碑、高架桥和圆形剧场。所以，空格处应填“for the monuments”。11.根据第三段的最后两句可知，西哥特人、东哥特人和法兰克人以恐吓居民和破坏乡村为乐。也许游客声誉受损就是从这里开始的。所以，空格处应填“disrepute”，bring sb. into disrepute意为“使某人声誉扫地, 使某人声名狼籍。12.据第三段的倒数第二句“They amused th

36、emselves by terrifying the inhabitants and ravaging the countryside.”可知， 他们以恐吓居民和破坏乡村为乐。所以，空格处应填“ravaging the countryside”。13.根据第四段的一二句可知，绝大多数的旅游者都是友好的， 而且是考虑周到的。所以，空格处应填“amiable and considerate”。14.根据第四段的第三句“They have come to Provence for sunshine and spectacular scenery, for the food and the wine,

37、for a pleasant break from real life.”他们来到普罗旺斯是为了享受阳光和壮丽的景色，享受美食和美酒，享受与现实生活的愉快休憩。所以应填“spectacular scenery。15.根据第五段的第一句“there is reason to be grateful for some of its effects.”普罗旺斯应该对旅游业表示感谢。所以，空格处应填“grateful”。16.根据第五段的内容可知，如果不是旅游业为普罗旺斯带来的经济效益，这里就会百业凋零。所以，空格处应填“for the survival of。17.根据第五段的倒数第二句“.it w

38、ouldnt be worth putting on concerts or village fetes.”如果没有旅游业也就没必要举办音乐会或者乡村宴会了。所以应填“for the holding of ”。18.根据最后一段的最后一句“but the tourist,not the rapacious developer,gets most of the blame.”通常都是游客承担责任而不是开发商。所以， 空格处应填“shouldered”。19.根据最后一段内容可知，世界的某些地区被过度开采, 造成这些地区丧失了曾经拥有的吸引力。而这个责任也被推到了游客身上。所以，空格处应填for

39、the overexploitation”。20.根据最后一段内容可知，世界的某些地区被过度开采, 造成这些地区丧失了曾经拥有的吸引力。而这个责任也被推到了游客身上。所以， 空格处应填“the lost charm”。14. 单选题Before starting my own business, I had to_my bosss peculiar working plan.问题1选项A.play the devil withB.play along withC.play checkmate withD.play the bear with【答案】B【解析】play the devil wit

40、h搞糟, 使失败; play along with参与; play checkmate with把 将死; 使一败涂地; play the bear with破坏。句意：在开始自己的事业之前, 我必须参与老板独特的工作计划。选项B符合句意。15. 单选题CNBC,the cable business network,and the New York Times have joined forces to create an alliance against a common_: Rupert Murdochs News Corp.问题1选项A.voidB.foeC.cockpitD.gist【

41、答案】B【解析】void空间,空虚; foe反对者, 敌人,对手; cockpit驾驶员座舱, 战场; gist主旨,要点。句意：有线商业网络CNBC（消费者新闻与商业频道）和纽约时报联手创建了一个联盟来对抗共同的竞争对手: Rupert Murdoch的新闻集团。选项B符合句意。16. 单选题Players will be_against four others worldwide in a timed competition to answer trivia questions from the 1950s to present day.问题1选项A.trifledB.wreathedC.

42、instigatedD.pitted【答案】D【解析】trifle浪费,虚度; wreathe环绕盘旋; instigate教唆, 怂恿; pit使留疤痕,使竞争,pit against使与对抗, 使竞争。句意：玩家将在一场计时比赛中与来自世界各地的另外四名玩家进行较量, 回答从20世纪60年代至今的一些琐碎问题。选项D符合句意。17. 单选题Its often hard to see your mistakes as youre making them. When it comes to living arrangements, a humdinger is being made in th

43、is country right now and few have noticed it yet.Yikes! The kids are moving back in! Thus goes the mantra of the baby boom generation,circa 2007. Analysts estimate that some 18 minion adults between the ages of 20 and 34 live with their parents. Thats roughly a third of that age group.But letting th

44、e kids move back in is not the societal error were talking about. Instead,the big mistake is the loudly voiced chagrin of the boomers. Most mistakenly decry the notion of the boomerang generation. In order to fully appreciate the depth of the error being made here,we all need to step back a bit and

45、look at the bigger picture. This epidemic of kids moving back home is first, not unprecedented, and second, its not a bad thing. The precedent for this trend can be found among the other 6. 2 billion non-Americans on the planet,many of whom happily live with their adult children,often in three-gener

46、ation households.Then theres the growing number of non-Anglo Americans,including many recent immigrants,who see no problem in having adult kids contribute to the household. Finally,the agrarian history of this country before World War II allowed kids to live and work around the farm well into adulth

47、ood.Adult kids moving back home is merely the most noticeable symptom of a larger, fundamental transformation of American society. We are nationally beginning to recognize the costs of the independence the so-called greatest generation foisted on us. We cant blame them. They did have to grow up fast

48、. Kids in their generation went off to World War II and grew up on the bloody beaches of distant lands.After the war, the survivors had factories to build and the wealth to buy their white-picket-fence dream out West. They designed a social and fiscal system that has served their retirement years ve

49、ry well. But their historically unique retirement system mistakenly celebrated independence and ignored the natural state of human beingsthat is,interdependence.Moreover,their system breaks down with the onslaught of their kids retirement. We can already see the pension systems,both private and publ

50、ic,beginning to disintegrate under the weight of the baby boomers.We are now just starting to understand the substantial fiscal and psychological costs of separating the generations into so-called single -family homes with the ideal of a mother,father and two kids. But times change and so do culture

51、s.Regarding boomerang kids,most demographers focus on the immediate explanations for the changes,such as the growing immigrant population, housing shortages and high prices,and out-of-wedlock childbearing.Many psychologists have noted that baby-boomer parents enjoy closer relationships with their fe

52、wer children that allow extended cohabitation. A recent survey conducted for Del Webb (a division of Pulte Homes Inc. ) reports that only about one-quarter of baby boomers are happier once the kids move out.However,all these explanations are simply symptoms of the larger,more fundamental reuniting o

53、f Americans into households that include extended familiesadult kids, grandparents, grandchildren and other relativesrather than just nuclear families.The rate at which our American culture is adapting will accelerate as baby boomers begin retiring in waves. Creative housing arrangements are necessi

54、tating and allowing three generations to live together againunder one roof or in close proximity. Now some 6 million American grandparents are living under one roof with their grandchildren.Whether grandparents live in accessory apartments on the property or houses next door, these flexible housing

55、options provide privacy and companionship at the same time. Grandparents can interact with their grandchildren while the parents work,and ail benefit from the new togetherness. These 21st century housing arrangements are a creative way to handle the financial needs of the generation that is retiring

56、 and, yes, the adult children who are coming home.Such multigenerational households dont make sense for everyone. Personality conflicts or family characteristics preclude such arrangements for some. Legal constraints such as building and zoning codes are formidable obstacles in most communities acro

57、ss the country.Often more room is mandated for parking your car than parking your grandmother. Home builders have been more interested in selling houses that satisfy immediate needs rather than anticipating the needs of the growing numbers of aging Americans.The culture itself frequently gets in the

58、 way, reinforcing the perception of a stigma attaching to lack of independencethe adult child who just wont move out (and grow up) or the aging grandparent who eschews being a burden. Despite these problems,once you begin talking with your friends about three-generation households, you will begin he

59、aring stories about how such obstacles are being overcome. You also will begin hearing stories about the wonderful benefits of thinking about housing and family arrangements in creative ways. And youll hear stories about the fundamental satisfaction of living together again.1.What is the main idea o

60、f the passage?2.Which of the statements is true according to the passage?3.Which of the statements is NOT true about the greatest generation?4.The factor holds back adult children moving back home is （）5.What is not the reason for adult moving back home according to researchers on US populations?问题1

61、选项A.The trend of kids moving back home has negative effect to American culture.B.The symptom of adult kids moving back home is extraordinary.C.Back to the nest is by no means the precedent.D.The family unit and individual independence are damaging in the society.问题2选项A.The trend of adults move back home is since 2007.B.The epidemic of kids moving back home in USA is unparalleled in the world.C.The United States was an agriculture country before World War II.D.One-third of baby boomers are sorrowful once the kids move ou