2022年考博英语-大连理工大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解45

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1、2022年考博英语-大连理工大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题The children cheered up when they saw hundreds of colorful balloons（ ） slowly into the sky.问题1选项A.floatingB.raisingC.heavingD.ascending【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。float “漂浮，浮动”；raise “提升，增加”；heave “举起”；ascend “攀登，上升”。句意：看到数百只彩色的气球缓缓升入天空，孩子们欢呼起来。选项D符合题意。2. 单选题He failed

2、 to supply the facts relevant （ ）the case in question.问题1选项A.forB.withC.toD.of【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。relevant to “与相关的”，选项C符合题意。句意：他无法提供与设计案件有关的事实。3. 单选题The governments（ ） is to make up chiefly of the money we pay in taxes.问题1选项A.tariffB.dutyC.revenueD.tax【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。tariff “关税”；duty “税收”；revenue “税收

3、收入”；tax “税金”。句意：政府的财政收入主要来源于我们的税收。选项C符合题意。4. 单选题Trees are a renewable resource that when managed properly can（ ）our needsindefinitely.问题1选项A.sustainB.retainC.maintainD.obtain【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。sustain “维持”；retain “保持”；maintain “维持，维修”；obtain “获得”。句意：树木是可再生资源，如果管理得当，它们无限期地满足我们的需求。选项A符合题意。5. 单选题The pol

4、ice are suspicious（ ） his words because he already has a record.问题1选项A.toB.atC.onD.of【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。be suspicious of “对感到怀疑”。选项D符合题意。句意：警察对他的话感到怀疑因为他已经做好了记录。6. 单选题Its time （ ）about the traffic problem downtown.问题1选项A.something was doneB.everything is doneC.anything will be doneD.nothing to be done【

5、答案】A【解析】考查its time的用法。Its time sb did sth,虚拟语气，动词的形式是一般过去时，所以选项A符合题意。句意：是时候采取措施来缓解城市的交通问题了。7. 单选题The young heiress was so （ ） that she gave all her money away in a couple of years.问题1选项A.generousB.indulgentC.patrioticD.ambitious【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。generous “慷慨的，大方的”；indulgent “放纵的，宽容的”；patriotic “爱国的

6、”；ambitious “野心勃勃的”。句意：年轻的女继承人如此慷慨，以至于几年内就把所有的钱送给了别人。选项A符合题意。8. 单选题 ） ofthe delivery port and shipping is available atany time.问题1选项A.garageB.cabinetC.capsuleD.warehouse【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。garage “车库”；cabinet “橱柜”；capsule “胶囊”；warehouse “仓库”。句意：完成的产品都储藏在一个交货港的仓库里，随时都可以交货。选项D符合题意。9. 单选题Her interest in

7、redecorating the big house kept her （ ）for a whole week. (98/6)问题1选项A.constrainedB.dominatedC.restrictedD.occupied【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。constrained “被强迫的”；dominated “占主导地位的”；restricted “受限制的；occupied “使用中的；无空闲的”。句意：她热衷于给这个大房子重新装修，为此她会忙碌整个星期。选项D符合题意。10. 单选题A most （ ）argument about who should go and fetc

8、h the bread from the kitchen wasgoing on when I came in.问题1选项A.trivialB.delicateC.minorD.miniature【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。trivial “不重要的，琐碎的”；delicate “微妙的，精美的”；minor “次要的，较小的”；miniature “微型的，小规模的”。句意：当我进来的时候，一场极琐碎的就谁应该去鸡的面前捡回面包的争吵正在进行。选项A符合题意。11. 单选题A well-established distinction in memory theory is that

9、 between short-term and long-term memory. The former refers to our ability to do such things as remember telephone numbers long enough to dial them, the latter-concerns the wide range of ways in which experience can affect behavior many years later. Given the two different kinds of ability, it is re

10、asonable to hypothesize that each is represented differently in the brain. An experiment was designed to test the hypothesis that long-term memory implies a chemical change in the brain cells, while short-term memory involves patterns of impulses in electric of serve cells.One group of rats were tau

11、ght to run through a maze. Five minutes after learning the task, they were cooled to 5C, the temperature at which all electrical activity in the brain ceased. They were ten kept at this temperature for 15 minutes before being allowed to their normal temperature. They were then run through the maze,

12、again.A second group of rats were taught to run the same maze, and then immediately cooled to 5 C for 15 minutes. Alter being allowed to return to their temperature, an attempt was made to run the second group through the maze again. It was found that rats in the first group had no difficulty with t

13、he maze the second time, suggesting that they did not have to relearn the task. Rats in the second group which was cooled immediately after learning the maze, on the other hand, could not negotiate the maze successfully, i.e., they apparently could not remember what they had learned.It was conclude

14、from this experiment that short-time memory (in rats, at least) is unlike long-term memory. Short-term memory involves electrical impulses since at a temperature where electrical activity ceases, there is no memory. Long-term memory, in contrast, is unaffected by the disruption of electrical activit

15、y and may involve structural changes in brain cells.1.What is the main idea of this passage?2.Remembering address belongs to（ ） .3.The experiments of two groups（ ） .4.If rats cooled to 5 for 15 minutes immediately, what will happen after being allowed to return to their normal temperature?5.Electric

16、al impulses affect（ ） .问题1选项A.The difference between short-term memory and long-term memory.B.The experiment of two groups of rats.C.The temperature for rats to lose their memory.D.The importance of memory.问题2选项A.short-term memoryB.long-term memoryC.both A and BD.neither A or B问题3选项A.temperature aff

17、ects rats memoryB.the relationship between temperature and memory is very clearC.there is distinction between short-term memory and long-term memoryD.rats can relearn the task after forgetting it问题4选项A.They have no difficult in crossing the same maze.B.They lose their way in the maze. .C.They can re

18、member the way correctly.D.They go through the maze after several trying.问题5选项A.long-term memoryB.short-term memoryC.structural changesD.brain cells【答案】第1题:A第2题:A第3题:C第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.文章主要介绍了关于短期记忆和长期记忆的区别的科学假设，选项A符合题意。2.文章第一段指出记电话号码是短期记忆，所以记地址也是短期记忆，选项A符合题意。3.文章最后一段第一句话it was conclude from this expe

19、riment that short-time memory (in rats, at least) is unlike long-term memory明确提出实验证明了短期记忆与长期记忆是不同的。选项C符合题意。4.文章第三段提到第二组老鼠的体温被立即降到5摄氏度，结果是它们没有成功走过迷宫。选项B符合题意。5.文章最后一段Short-term memory involves electrical impulses since at a temperature where electrical activity ceases, there is no memory 提到短跑受电流脉冲的影响，

20、所以选项B符合题意。12. 单选题A terrible traffic accident happened; people were saddened when they watched the（ ）sight on TV.问题1选项A.panicB.patrioticC.patheticD.periodic【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。panic “恐慌的”；patriotic “爱国的”；pathetic “可怜的”；periodic “周期的”。句意：发生了一场严重的交通事故；当人们从电视上看到这个可怜的场面的时候都非常伤心。选项C符合题意。13. 翻译题E-mail is no

21、w one the fastest ways to gain or lose potential customers because of the ability to deliver information fast to an enormous amount of people. After sending a small you are no longer in control of the effects of the message and can only wait in suspense.An employee of your company started off his/he

22、r day in a bad mood. A potential customer emails them with a trivial question and they reply with a brash （无礼的）tone. Do you think the recipient will use your company? On the Internet word travels fast. It takes me 3 minutes to send email to 50-100 people. Therefore your company can lose 100 current

23、or potential customers with the brash email sent out by your employee. This can happen in a matter of minutes. Speaking from personal experience I sent out what I considered a helpful message concerning a version the Internet. One person thought it was quite annoying because they knew that some of t

24、hese messages are merely hoaxes （恶作剧）. The message I received, without a doubt, shot lightning ballistic me. What did I do? I apologized. I visited their site to see what kind of business they were in all. I knew that if someone had ever asked me to give them information about products relating to w

25、hat they sold, I would most likely say, do not use “this company”.I find that it is most helpful to search newsgroups for my company name to see if good or bad things are being said about me. Try searching for Microsoft or Netscape and see what results are presented to you. Remember newsgroups are s

26、imply meeting places on the Internet where people exchange information. Most people know that the best business comes from word of mouth or “word of email.”Back to the story. After I sent my apology I received a reply the next day stating that they were sorry for what they had said. Problem solved.

27、I now do not have a problem recommending that company to a friend. On some occasion a brash answer is responded to with a blush reply. Those are the lucky ones. Be careful, there are many vindictive (报复性的) people will reply to brashness by breaking into your entire site and demonstrating how angry t

28、hey are with you. I cannot and will not try to break into someones website but people who are more knowledgeable can and do.【答案】由于电子邮件可以迅速将信息发送给很多人，它也就成为了人们获得或失去潜在顾客最快捷的方式。在发送完信息后，你就无法再控制信息可能产生的效果，而只能在不安中等待。你公司员工在情绪低落中开始了一天的工作。一个潜在的客户因为一些琐事发了一封邮件给他们，而他们给予了无礼的回复。你认为收件者会选择你们公司吗？网络中消息传播很快。我需要三分钟的时间将邮件发

29、给50-100个人。于是，因为你雇员一封无礼的邮件，你的公司可能在短短几分钟之类损失了100个现有或者潜在的客户。谈到我个人的经历，我就曾在网络上发送过一条关于电脑病毒的有益信息。有人认为这很讨厌，因为他们知道某些这类信息纯粹是恶作剧。毫无疑问，我收到的回信令我非常恼火。我怎么做的？我向他们道歉了。我访问他们的网站去了解他们从事的生意。我心里想如果有人向我了解他们所生产的产品信息，我会说：“别用这家公司。”我发现在网络上的新闻组中搜索我公司的名字来查看关于我的好话和坏话是最有效的方法。尝试去搜索微软或者网景，看看搜到的结果。记住新闻组织是人们交换信息的平台。大多数人都知道最好的商家产生于人们的

30、口碑和“邮件”。回到刚才的故事。在收到我致歉的邮件后，第二天我收到了回信，称他们对他们所说的话感到抱歉。问题解决。我现在会把这家公司介绍给朋友。有时候，无礼的应答会得到愧疚的回复。那些人是很幸运的。但是要当心，有许多具有报复心的人会通过入侵你的整个网站来回应你的无礼并表达他们的愤怒。我不能，也不会去侵入他人的网站，但是那些懂得怎么侵入网站的人会这么做。14. 单选题The television（ ） between the two candidates will be held on Sunday.问题1选项A.argumentB.debateC.discussionD.dispute【答案】

31、B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。argument “论证，论据”；debate “辩论，争论”；discussion “讨论”；dispute “争吵”。句意：两位候选人的电视辩论将在周日举行。选项B符合题意。15. 单选题If we （ ）our relations with that country, well have to find another supplier of rawmaterials.问题1选项A.diffuseB.diminishC.terminateD.preclude【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。diffuse “扩散”；diminish “减少”；termina

32、te “使终止，使结束”；preclude “排除，妨碍”。句意：如果我们结束与那个国家的关系，我们必须寻找其他原材料提供国。选项C符合题意。16. 单选题A terrible traffic accident happened; people were saddened when they watched the（ ）sight on TV.问题1选项A.panicB.patrioticC.patheticD.periodic【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。panic “恐慌的”；patriotic “爱国的”；pathetic “可怜的”；periodic “周期的”。句意：发生了一

33、场严重的交通事故；当人们从电视上看到这个可怜的场面的时候都非常伤心。选项C符合题意。17. 单选题We were pleased to note that the early delivery didnt （ ） to the traffic jam of thebusy city.问题1选项A.aidB.amountC.addD.attribute【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。aid “援助，帮助”；amount “总计，合计”；add “增加”；attribute “归属，把归于”。句意：我们很高兴发现早发货并没有给繁忙的城市增添交通拥堵。选项C符合题意。18. 单选题Despite

34、 their good service, most inns are less costly than hotels of （ ）standards.问题1选项A.equivalentB.alikeC.uniformD.likely【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。equivalent “等价的”; alike “相同的”；uniform “统一的，一致的”；likely “很可能的”。句意：虽然他们服务好，但大多数小旅馆要比同等级水准的宾馆便宜。选项A符合题意。19. 单选题He attends to the （ ）of important business himself.问题1选项A

35、.transactionB.transitionC.transmissionD.transformation【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。transaction “交易，业务”；transition “过渡，转变”；transmission “传送，播送”；transformation “转换”。句意：他亲自参与重要的商务会议。选项A符合题意。20. 单选题The long years of food shortage in this country have suddenly given way to apparent abundance. Stores and shops are c

36、hoked with food. Rationing (定量供应)is virtually suspended, and overseas suppliers have been asked to hold back deliveries. Yet, instead of joy, there is widespread uneasiness and confusion. Why do food prices keep on rising, when there seems to be so much more food about? Is the abundance only tempora

37、ry, or has it come to stay? Does it mean that we need to think less now about producing more food at home? No one knows what to expect.The recent growth of export surpluses on the world food market has certainly been unexpectedly great, partly because a strange sequence of two successful grain harve

38、sts. North America is now being followed by a third. Most of Britains overseas suppliers of meat, too, are offering more this year and home production has also risen.But the effect of all this on the food situation in this country has been made worse by a simultaneous rise in food prices, due chiefl

39、y to the gradual cutting down of government support for food. The shops are overstocked with food not only because there is more food available, but also because people, frightened by high prices, are buying less of it.Moreover, the rise in domestic prices has come at a time when world prices have b

40、egun to fall, with the result that imported food, with the exception of grain, is often cheaper than the home-produced variety. And now grain prices, too, are falling. Consumers are beginning to ask why they should not be enabled to benefit from this trend.The significance of these developments is n

41、ot lost on farmers. The older generation has seen it all happen before. Despite the present price and market guarantees, farmers fear they are about to be squeezed between cheap food imports and a shrinking home market. Present production is running at 51 percent above pre-war levels, and the govern

42、ment has called for an expansion to 60 percent by 1956; but repeated Ministerial advice is carrying little weight and the expansion program is not working very well.1.Why is there “wide-spread uneasiness and confusion about the food situation in Britain?”2.The main reason for the rise in food prices

43、 is that（ ） .3. Why didnt the governments expansion program work very well?4.The decrease in world food price was a result of （ ）.5.What did the future look like for Britains food production at the time this article was written?问题1选项A.The abundant food supply is not expected to last.B.Britain is imp

44、orting less food.C.Despite the abundance, food prices keep rising.D.Britain will cut back on its production of food.问题2选项A.people are buying less foodB.the government is providing less financial support for agricultureC.domestic food production has decreasedD.imported food is driving prices higher问题

45、3选项A.Because the farmers were uncertain about the financial support the government guaranteedB.Because the farmers were uncertain about the benefits of expanding production.C.Because the farmers were uncertain about whether foreign markets could be found for their produceD.Because the older generati

46、on of farmer were strongly against the programmer.问题4选项A.a sharp fall in the purchasing power of the consumers.B.a sharp fall in the cost of food productionC.the overproduction of food in the food-importing countriesD.the overproduction on the part of the main food-exporting countries问题5选项A.The fall

47、 in world food prices would benefit British food producers.B.An expansion of food production was at hand.C.British food producers would receive more government financial support.D.It looks depressing despite government guarantees.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:D【解析】1.文章第一段Why do food prices keep on ris

48、ing, when there seems to be so much more food about? 提到人们对于为什么粮食多了价格却依然持续上涨表示担忧，所以可以看出人们感到不安和困惑的原因是食物充足但是价格却在上涨，选项C符合题意。2.文章第三段a simultaneous rise in food prices, due chiefly to the gradual cutting down of government support for food提到食物价格增长的主要原因是政府逐渐减少了对食物的支持。选项B符合题意。3.文章最后一段Despite the present pri

49、ce and market guarantees, farmers fear they are about to be squeezed between cheap food imports and a shrinking home market 提到尽管目前的价格还有市场保证，但是农民依旧担心他们将被挤压在廉价的进口食品和一个萎缩的国内市场中，所以可以推断农民对于这样的保证是不信任的。选项A符合题意。4.文章第二段The recent growth of export surpluses on the world food market has certainly been unexpect

50、edly great, partly because a strange sequence of two successful grain harvests 提到国际食物市场贸易顺差的增加非常大，贸易顺差说明出口多余进口，由此可知是国内生产增加使得出口加大，选项D符合题意。5.文章最后一句but repeated Ministerial advice is carrying little weight and the expansion program is not working very well 提到部长重复的建议没有什么作用，扩张计划进行的不怎么好，由此可知，这个前景是令人担忧的。选项D符合题意。