2022年考博英语-中国人民大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷5

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1、2022年考博英语-中国人民大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Management operates through various（ ）, often classified as planning, organ leading/motivating and controlling.问题1选项A.foundationsB.functionsC.rolesD.relations【答案】B【解析】名词词义辨析。句意: 管理部门通过各种职能运作，通常分为规划、机构领导/激励和控制。只有选项B有职能的意思，所以本题选B。2. 单选题Britains hope of a gold

2、medal in the Olympic Games suffered（ ） yesterday, when Hunter failed to qualify during preliminary session.问题1选项A.a severe set-backB.sharp set-backC.a severe blown-upD.sharp blown-up【答案】A【解析】set-back阻碍，停止，为名词，前面需加冠词a，排除选项B；blown-up放大的，膨胀的，为形容词，不用冠词a修饰，排除选项C。句意：当Hunter在预赛中未能晋级，英国在奥运会上夺冠的希望昨日遭遇严重挫折。选项

3、A更符合语境。3. 单选题A good way to （ ）a language is to live in the native culture with the native speakers.问题1选项A.requireB.inquireC.acquireD.enquire【答案】C【解析】近义词辨析。根据句意可知，这里指学会一门语言。acquire指获得某物或习得某一技能，所以选项C正确。4. 单选题It has been argued that where schools become bureaucratized, they become bound up with the tec

4、hniques and implementation of the managerial process, and may concentrate on concern with position and self-advancement. In so doing, they may neglect the purpose for which they were set up.Thus, they do not facilitate the development of those who are part of the school community, and tend to neglec

5、t the desires of children, parents and society at large.It is because of such criticisms that there has been an increasing influence in political rhetoric and legislation of free-market theories of organization and society. Such theories suggest that a much more market-oriented, competitive approach

6、 is required so that schools reorient themselves towards their “clients”. By so doing, it is claimed, not only do they once again address the needs of those with whom they should be primarily concerned, but such an approach also unleashes the benefits of individual responsibility, freedom of choice,

7、 and reward.Though much of this sounds attractive, it has its roots as much in an economic body of thought as in social and political theory, and this must raise the question of whether it can be viably transferred to an educational context. Indeed, if by “educational” we mean the development of all

8、 within the school community, then free-market theory may miss the mark by concentrating on only one section, “the consumers”. If teachers are seen as part of this community, then their development is just as important.If bureaucratic forms of management face the problem of explaining how their valu

9、es can be objective when they are in fact the product of a particular value orientation, the forms of management derived from free-market theories, suggesting an openness to the adoption of different sets of values, are subject to the charge of relativism. In other words, free-market theories, grant

10、ed that they are arguing that individuals should be allowed to pursue their own ends, must explain why any set of values, including their own, is preferable to another.1.According to the author, criticism of schools arises from （ ）.2.The “school community”( Line 3, Para. 4) the author refers to woul

11、d probably include （ ）.3.The transfer of free market ideas to the schools may fail because （ ） .4.According to the text, criticism of free market solutions in education arise from the fact that （ ）.5.The “charge of relativism” mentioned in the last paragraph is meant to show （ ）.问题1选项A.concerns that

12、 schools deliberately neglect studentsB.the high cost of education due to bureaucracyC.a perception of them as self-serving and bureaucraticD.a misunderstanding of schools officials问题2选项A.studentsB.students and parentsC.students, parents and teachersD.teachers and students问题3选项A.schools have no real

13、 clientsB.they concentrate only on the consumer and do not include teachersC.schools are totally different from the free marketD.they have no solid purpose in their aims问题4选项A.they do not explain why their set of values are better than othersB.their values are too subjectiveC.their values are too di

14、fferent from those within an educational contextD.the educational context is not a free market问题5选项A.the values are too narrow-mindedB.the values are not specific enoughC.the values are too self-servingD.the values are not strongly held【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:B第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.细节推断题。根据第一段的内容可知，有人认为，学校变得官僚化

15、，忽视他们成立的目的。选项C符合原文。选项B中的教育成本高在文中没有提及，所以不正确。2.语义题。根据第四段的内容可知，school community包括consumers和teachers。再根据第二段的内容可知，school community还包括students和parents，也就是consumers，所以选项C正确。3.细节事实题。根据第四段倒数第二句“free-market theory may miss the mark by concentrating on only one section, “the consumers”.”自由市场理论可能只关注“消费者”这一部分而没有

16、切中要害。而这个要害即下文提到的“teachers”, 所以选项B符合原文。4.细节推断题。根据最后一段最后一句，尽管自由市场理论认为个人应该被允许追求自己的目标，但它们必须解释为什么任何一套价值观，包括他们自己的价值观，都比另一套更可取。也就是说，自由市场理论没有解释为什么自己的价值观比别人的好。选项A符合原文。5.语义题。原文最后一段最后一句即是对“charge of relativism”的解释。由此可以看出，自由市场理论的价值观太自私，所以选项C正确。5. 单选题Not until the 1980s（ ） in Beijing start to find ways to preser

17、ve historic buildings from destruction.问题1选项A.some concerned citizensB.some concerning citizensC.did some concerning citizensD.did some concerned citizens【答案】D【解析】Not until位于句首应使用倒装。句子表示过去发生的事情，所以用一般过去时，借助于助动词did并提前，concerning为介词，也可以看作动名词，表示使担忧，但选项C的表达不符合语法；concerned为形容词，在这里修饰citizens。所以选项D正确。6. 单选题

18、The transition from wifes to mothers role require the wife to（ ） to the completely new situation in daily life.问题1选项A.adaptB.adjustC.adoptD.accept【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。根据句意可知，这里指适应新环境。adapt to为固定搭配，意为“适应”，所以选项A正确。7. 翻译题但是，对于所有的正在进行的激动人心的工作而言，科学远没有达到一个能塑造完美的人或者甚至一个完美的番茄的美好新世界的境地。在基因治疗普及之前，仍然需要做大量研究。如果许多疾病真

19、的可以治疗的话，那将花上数十年的时间。就短期而言，基因筛选将是运用新技术的最可行的办法。医生们能在治疗各种DNA缺陷之前检测到它们。在某些情况下，这些信息可以延缓疾病的发作或是减轻它的病症。例如，一个有着遗传性易患心脏病体质的人可以进行低脂肪的饮食。如果科学家由于制造一种重要蛋白质的基因存在缺陷从而导致这种蛋白质失去的话，也许科学家就可以给这位病人提供人工蛋白质。然而，在其他的情况下，对于阻止由于基因突变而导致的不幸几乎无能为力。【答案】For all the fevered work being done, however, science is still far away from th

20、e Brave New World vision of engineering a perfect human or even a perfect tomato. Much more research is needed before gene therapy becomes commonplace, and many diseases will take decades to conquer, if they can be conquered at all.In the short run, the most practical way to use the new technology w

21、ill be in genetic screening. Doctors will be able to detect all sorts of flaws in DNA long before they can be fixed. In some cases the knowledge may lead to treatments that delay the onset of the disease or soften its effects. Someone with a genetic predisposition to heart disease, for example, coul

22、d follow a low-fat diet. And if scientists determine that a vital protein is missing because the gene that was supposed to make it is defective, they might be able to give the patient an artificial version of the protein. But in other instances, almost nothing can be done to stop the ravages brought

23、 on by genetic mutations.8. 单选题Television has become quite a vigorous activity. Sitting up is exhausting so most people（ ）down while watching television.问题1选项A.layB.lieC.lyingD.lied【答案】B【解析】形近词辨析。根据句意可知这里应填入动词且意为“躺”, 首先排除选项A和C；句子时态为一般现在时,所以选项B正确。9. 单选题Edison tested more than one thousand materials t

24、o see if they could （ ）electric current and glow.问题1选项A.bringB.makeC.carryD.produce【答案】C【解析】动词辨析。句意：爱迪生测试了一千多种材料，看它们是否能携带电流并发光。选项C最符合语境。10. 单选题Our journey was slow because the train stopped （ ）at different villages.问题1选项A.graduallyB.continuouslyC.constantlyD.continually【答案】D【解析】副词词义辨析。gradually逐渐地；c

25、ontinuously连续不断地；constantly不断地，时常地；continually不断地，频繁地。句意：我们的旅行很慢，因为火车频繁地在不同的村庄停靠。选项D更符合语境。11. 写作题Write an essay in no less than 200 words with the title “My Understanding of Globalization”.【答案】My Understanding of Globalization12. 单选题International sport should create goodwill between the nations, but

26、 in the present organization of the Olympics somehow encourages（ ） patriotism.问题1选项A.obsoleteB.aggressiveC.harmoniousD.amiable【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。根据关键词“but”可知前后表达的意思应该相反，由此可推断填空处应该与“goodwill”意思相反，选项B更符合原文语境。13. 单选题In general, the（ ）amount that a student spends for housing should be held to one-fifth of

27、 the total for living expenses.问题1选项A.acceptableB.advisableC.availableD.applicable【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。句意：一般来说，学生在住房上的开支应控制在生活费总额的五分之一以内。根据句意可知，这里指可用的费用，选项B更符合句意。14. 单选题One can understand others much better by noting the immediate and fleeting reactions of their eyes and（ ）to expressed thoughts.问题1选项A.d

28、ilemmasB.countenancesC.concessionsD.junctions【答案】B【解析】名词词义辨析。dilemmas困境；countenances面容；concessions让步；junctions连接点。句意：一个人可以通过注意他人的眼睛和面部即时的或短暂的反应来更好地理解别人。选项B符合句意。15. 单选题The increase in student numbers （ ） many problems for the universities.问题1选项A.forcesB.pressesC.providesD.poses【答案】D【解析】动词词义辨析。force强迫

29、，迫使；press逼迫；provide提供；pose造成，形成。句意：学生人数的增加给大学造成了许多问题。选项D符合句意。16. 单选题In November 1970 Yukio Mishima, together with some of his fanatical followers from the ultranationalistic Shield Society which he had founded in 1966, broke into the headquarters of Japans Eastern Defense Forces armed with swords an

30、d daggers, overpowered some aides, tied up the commanding general, and demanded that the troops be assembled to hear a speech. Mishima addressed the troops for ten minutes, inciting them to rebel against the constitutional government imposed by the United States that had, in his words, “turned Japan

31、 spineless”. Receiving only ridicule in response, he returned to the generals office and there, before the generals unbelieving eyes, proceeded to kill himself in strict accordance with the traditional samurai ritual of seppuku. After Mishima had driven a dagger deep into his left abdomen, one of hi

32、s aides severed his head with a sword. The aide likewise killed himself and was beheaded; the others surrendered.In 1936 there had been a similar revolt and, though equally unsuccessful, it had foreshadowed the repressive regime of General Tojo that was to stage the attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941. T

33、hat earlier revolt is the one referred to in Patriotism, one of Mishimas most powerful stories. Here life and fiction become joined. The act of seppuku was for Mishima a fulfillment, “the ultimate dream of my life.” Born of an ancient samurai family, he longed to die a heros death in accordance with

34、 the ancient samurai code; but his weak body kept him from service in the war, and he had to compensate through body building (he became expert at karate and kendo) and, most important, through the discipline of writing. In his short lifetime he turned out twenty novels, thirty plays, many essays, a

35、nd more than eighty stories: he also produced, directed, and acted in movies, and even sang on stage. His first book of stories, A Forest in Flower, appeared in 1943, but it was Confession of a Mask (1948), dealing with the meditations of a young man of homosexual leanings in a repressive society, t

36、hat brought him fame.Mishima has been called “Japans Hemingway,” while others have compared him to “aesthetic” writers like Walter Peter and Oscar Wilde.1.The article implies that （ ） .2.The aim of the rebel led by Mishima was （ ）.3.In the 1970 rebel, the speech made by Mishima （ ） .4.What is true a

37、ccording to the article?5.Mishima became a well-known writer after he had （ ）.问题1选项A.Mishima refused to join the army when he was youngB.Mishima has been regarded as a lunatic writerC.Mishima is a person who is hard to defineD.critics all agree that Mishima is an aesthetic writer问题2选项A.to capture th

38、e commanding generalB.to urge the government to declare a war against AmericaC.to incite the soldiers to rebel against the constitutional governmentD.to force the Emperor to give up the throne问题3选项A.was well received by the soldiersB.was laughed at by the soldiersC.impressed the commanding generalD.

39、left a deep impression to the soldiers问题4选项A.The general knew that Mishima had longed to die a heros death.B.The general was greatly taken aback by Mishimas suicide attempt.C.Some soldiers surrendered after Mishima, s speech.D.One of Mishimas aides was killed by the soldiers.问题5选项A.written “Patrioti

40、sm,” one of his most powerful storiesB.written eighty short storiesC.published “A Forest in Flower”D.published “Confession of a Mask”【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:B第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.细节推理题。根据原文内容可知，本文主要是讲Yukio Mishima的生平，选项A与原文不符；选项B和D太片面，选项C更准确，所以本题选C。2.细节判断题。根据关键词“rebel”定位到第一段“Mishima addressed the troops for te

41、n minutes, inciting them to rebel against the constitutional government imposed by the United States.”Mishima向军队发表了十分钟的演讲，煽动他们反抗美国强加给他们的立宪政府。选项C符合原文。3.细节事实题。根据第一段“Receiving only ridicule in response”可知Mishima发表演讲后只得到嘲笑的回应，选项B符合原文。4.细节判断题。根据第二段“The act of seppuku was for Mishima a fulfillment,the ult

42、imate dream of my life.”切腹自尽对Mishima来说是一种实现，实现的是他“生命中的终极梦想”。也就是说他渴望像英雄一样死去，选项A正确。选项B在文中没有提及；选项C, D均与原文不符。所以本题选A。5.细节事实题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“.but it was Confession of a Mask (1948), ., that brought him fame.”可知选项D正确。17. 单选题Topics for composition should be （ ） to the experiences and interests of the students.

43、问题1选项A.concernedB.dependentC.connectingD.relevant【答案】D【解析】固定搭配。选项A一般与with搭配；选项B一般与on/upon搭配；选项C可与with和to搭配，意为“与相连”；be relevant to意为“与有关的”。选项D符合语境。18. 单选题A knowledge of history（ ） us to deal with the vast range of problems confronting the contemporary world.问题1选项A.equipsB.providesC.offersD.satisfies【

44、答案】A【解析】equip sb.使某人做好准备，使具备.的能力；provide sb. with提供某人某物；offer sb.+sth.提供某人某物。satisfy sb. with sth.使某人对某物感到满意。句意：历史知识使我们能够处理当代世界面临的各种各样的问题。选项A符合句意。19. 单选题Tom and Alice（ ） having a new car to replace their old one for years.问题1选项A.has been dreaming ofB.have been dreaming ofC.has dreamedD.will have dreamed【答案】B【解析】根据句意可知谓语应该用复数，首先排除选项A和C，再根据“for years”可知，应用现在完成时，所以选项B正确。20. 单选题In many countries tobacco and medicine are government （ ）.问题1选项A.controlB.monopolyC.businessD.belongings【答案】B【解析】名词词义辨析。根据句意可知，这里指政府垄断，选项B符合语境。