2022年考博英语-北京体育大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第16期

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1、2022年考博英语-北京体育大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题He will live （ ） what his parents expect of him.问题1选项A.onB.offC.up toD.to【答案】C【解析】固定搭配。根据固定搭配live up to “不辜负，达到”，live on “以为食”；live off “依靠生活”；live to “活到岁”，句子要表达的意思是“他将不会辜负父母对他的期望”，因此选项C符合题意。2. 单选题During the operas most famous aria, the tempo chosen by the orc

2、hestras conductor seemed （ ）, without necessary relation to what had gone before.问题1选项A.tediousB.melodiousC.capriciousD.moderation【答案】C【解析】名词辨析题。tedious沉闷的，冗长乏味的；melodious旋律优美的；capricious反复无常的，任性的；moderation适度，节制。句意：在歌剧最著名的咏叹调中，管弦乐队指挥所选择的节奏似乎有些随意，与之前的情况没有必要的联系。选项C更符合语境。3. 单选题Japan is one of only thr

3、ee countries that now hunt whales and （ ）the government says it is an important cultural tradition.问题1选项A.thatB.whichC.whoseD.where【答案】D【解析】考查语法知识。题干中and表示并列关系，连接两个并列的定语从句修饰先行词countries。后一定语从句的主语the government与先行词countries不等同，并且由于有定冠词the，所以关系词不能是whose，而只能是表地点的关系副词where。句意：日本是目前仅有的三个捕鲸国家之一，日本政府表示，捕鲸是

4、一项重要的文化传统。因此D选项符合题意。4. 单选题An interesting theory in economics is （1） by the Head Man of a small mountain tribe. It seems that this tribe was very good at making straw mats that had great sales（2）in the（3）market. The representative of an American company went to visit the tribe and tried to make a goo

5、d business deal. He（4）to the Head Man and（5） that his company would like to（6）several thousand pieces.Undoubtedly, he said, the business（7）would be（8）to the tribe. After some thoughts, the Head Man（9） , but announced that the price per piece would be（10）in such a（11）order than it would be if（12） a s

6、mall order were placed. The representative was（13）than a little shocked（14）the business sense of the Head Man,（15）insisted that the price should be（16）because of the large volume, and（17）not higher. No, replied the head of the tribe（18）. But why not? asked the American. Because（19）is so tiresome to

7、make the（20）article over and over, answered the Head Man.问题1选项A.illustratedB.appreciatedC.demonstratedD.anticipated问题2选项A.capacityB.potentialC.abilityD.fortune问题3选项A.strawB.globalC.worldD.earth问题4选项A.addressedB.spokeC.askedD.told问题5选项A.declaredB.confirmedC.demandedD.gestured问题6选项A.orderB.sellC.dispo

8、seD.make问题7选项A.treatyB.pactC.matterD.deal问题8选项A.effectiveB.efficientC.valuableD.profitable问题9选项A.agreedB.acceptedC.refusedD.received问题10选项A.lowerB.higherC.expensiveD.cheaper问题11选项A.smallB.bigC.vastD.high问题12选项A.certainlyB.reallyC.onlyD.simply问题13选项A.greaterB.strongerC.lessD.more问题14选项A.fromB.ofC.atD

9、.since问题15选项A.whoB.andC.thenD.therefore问题16选项A.lowerB.higherC.littleD.raised问题17选项A.neverB.reallyC.certainlyD.yet问题18选项A.weaklyB.happilyC.stubbornlyD.hesitatingly问题19选项A.heB.itC.whatD.work问题20选项A.similarB.beautifulC.alikeD.same【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A第6题:A第7题:D第8题:D第9题:A第10题:B第11题:B第12题:C第13题:D

10、第14题:C第15题:C第16题:A第17题:C第18题:C第19题:B第20题:D【解析】（1）动词辨析题。illustrate举例说明，阐述；appreciate欣赏，感激；demonstrate展示，证明；anticipate预料，预期。句意：一个小山村部落的首领 一个有趣的经济学理论。根据关键词“theory”可知选项C“证实.理论”最为恰当。（2）近义词辨析题。capacity能力；potential潜力；ability能耐；fortune财富，运气。根据下文“一家美国公司的代表去拜访这个部落，试图达成一笔好生意。”说明这些草席是有销售潜力的，所以选项B更恰当。（3）考查固定用法。w

11、orld market为固定用法，表示“国际市场，世界市场”。所以选项C正确。（4）近义词辨析题。根据句意可知，这里是想表达美国公司的代表对部落首领说.。选项A太正式，一般用于书信表达；选项C意为请求，要求；选项D后面直接接sb.，不用介词to，所以只有选项B正确。（5）动词辨析题。declared宣称，断言；confirmed证实，批准；demanded要求；gestured做手势。根据下文可知，这里指宣称他的公司将要订购几千个草席这件事件，所以选项A符合句意。（6）动词辨析题。order订购；sell售卖；dispose处理；make制造。根据上文可知，这里是订购草席，所以选项A正确。（7

12、）考查固定搭配。business deal为固定搭配，意为“交易，生意”。选项D正确。（8）形容词辨析题。effective有效的；efficient有效率的；valuable有价值的；profitable有利可图的。根据原文可知，这里涉及到达成交易，所以对于部落来说应该是有利可图的，所以选项D符合语境。（9）上下文推断。根据下文“but announced that.”可知，说明首领同意达成这笔交易，但是有一个条件。所以选项A正确。（10）上下文推断。根据下文的“shocked”可知，这里提出来的条件应该是不合理的。所以填空处应表示价格高，再根据后面的than可知，这里应填入比较级，所以选项

13、B正确。（11）上下文推断。根据下文“than.a small order”可知，相对于小订单来说，这里应该是大笔的订单，两者形成比较。所以选项B正确。（12）副词辨析题。根据句意：如果仅仅只是下小订单的话，那么大笔订单中每件的价格要更高。选项C和D都有“仅仅”的意思，但simply强调简单，所以选项C更恰当。（13）考查固定用法。“more than a little”为固定用法，意为“十分，非常”。选项D正确。（14）考查固定搭配。“be shocked at”为固定搭配，意为“对感到震惊”。选项C正确。（15）考查逻辑连词。根据原文可知，美国公司的代表先是感到震惊，然后坚持认为价格应该更

14、低。选项C更符合语境。（16）上下文推断。上文提到，部落首领认为大订单的单价要高于小订单的单价，美国公司的代表感到震惊，显然是觉得这个价格不合理，他觉得大订单的单价要低于小订单的单价，所以这里应填入“lower”，选项A正确。（17）副词辨析题。never从未，绝不；really真正地；certainly当然，必定；yet还，已经。根据句意：因为数量大，当然价格不能更高。所以选项C符合语境。（18）副词辨析题。weakly虚弱地，无力地；happily快乐地；stubbornly固执地；hesitatingly踟躇地。根据首领的回答“No”可知，他固执的拒绝了，选项C符合语境。（19）考查语法

15、结构。分析句子结构可知，本句真正的主语是后面的不定式，所以填空处应填入it做形式主语。选项B正确。（20）词组辨析题。similar和alike都表示相似的；same相同的；根据下文“over and over重复，一遍又一遍”可知，这里指重复做同样的事情，所以选项D正确。5. 单选题“Do you mind if Edward rides in your car?”“Yes, I do. Ill be glad to take （ ）Edward.”问题1选项A.somebody else thanB.anybody butC.some other person butD.anyone el

16、se than【答案】B【解析】固定搭配题。题目是一个情景对话，所以需要关注上下文，上文提问说你介意爱德华乘坐你的车吗？，下文回答是的，介意。根据这里我们可以推知后一句应该是除了爱德华，其他人我都不介意。anyone but sb.为固定用法，表示“除了某人之外的所有人”， 所以B选项正确。6. 单选题Its no good （ ）remember grammatical rules. You need to practice what you have learned.问题1选项A.trying toB.try toC.to try toD.tried to【答案】A【解析】考查固定用法。I

17、ts no good doing sth. 做.是没用的。所以选项A正确。7. 单选题To save money for my education, mother often took on more work than（ ）for her.问题1选项A.it was goodB.what was goodC.was goodD.being good【答案】B【解析】考查名词性从句, than后面接名词或者名词性从句, 只有B项符合。8. 单选题Why does cream go bad faster than butter? Some researchers think they have

18、the answer, and it comes down to the structure of the food, not its chemical compositiona finding that could help rid some processed foods of chemical preservatives.Cream and butter contain pretty much the same substances, so why cream should sour much faster has been a mystery. Both are emulsionsti

19、ny globules （小球体）of one liquid evenly distributed throughout another. The difference lies in whats in the globules and whats in the surrounding liquid, says Brocklehurst, who led the investigation.In cream, fatty globules drift about in a sea of water. In butter, globules of a watery solution are lo

20、cked away in a sea of fat. The bacteria which make the food go bad prefer to live in the watery regions of the mixture. “This means that in cream, the bacteria are free to grow throughout the mixture.” He says.When the situation is reversed, the bacteria are locked away in compartments buried deep i

21、n the sea of fat. Trapped in this way, individual colonies cannot spread and rapidly run out of nutrients. They also slowly poison themselves with their waste products. “In butter, you get a self-limiting system which stops the hotelier growing.” Says Brocklehurst.The researchers are already working

22、 with food companies keen to see if their products can be made resistant to bacterial attack through alterations to the foods structure. Brocklehurst believes it will be possible to make the emulsions used in salad cream, for instance, more like that in butter. The key will be to do this while keepi

23、ng the salad cream liquid and not turning it into a solid lump.1.The significance of Brocklehursts research is that（ ）.2.According to the researchers, cream sours faster than butter because bacteria（ ）.3.According to Brocklehurst, we can keep cream fresh by（ ）.4.The word colonies refers to（ ）.5.Comm

24、ercial application of the research finding will be possible if salad cream can be made resistant to bacterial attack（ ）.问题1选项A.it suggested a way to keep some foods fresh without preservativesB.it discovered tiny globules in both cream and butter.C.it revealed the secret of how bacteria multiply in

25、cream and butter.D.it found that cream and butter share the same chemical composition问题2选项A.are more evenly distributed in creamB.multiply more easily in cream than in butterC.live on less fat in cream than in butterD.produce less waste in cream than in butter问题3选项A.removing its fatB.killing the bac

26、teriaC.reducing its water contentD.altering its structure问题4选项A.tiny globulesB.bacteria communitiesC.watery regionsD.little compartment问题5选项A.by varying its chemical compositionB.by turning it into a solid humpC.while keeping its structure unchangedD.while retaining its liquid form【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:

27、D第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文章第二段，“Brocklehurst, who led the investigation.”，可知对于为什么奶油比黄油坏的问题的研究是由Brocklehurst主导的。又根据文章第一段，“a finding that could help rid some processed foods of chemical preservatives.”，可知对这一问题研究的结果和发现，有助于帮助去除一些加工食品中的化学防腐剂。可判断出Brocklehurst的研究的意义在于提供了一种可以不使用防腐剂而使某些食品保持新鲜的方法。因此选项A符合题意。2.

28、细节事实题。根据文章第三段，“In cream, fatty globules drift about in a sea of water. In butter, globules of a watery solution are locked away in a sea of fat. The bacteria which make the food go bad prefer to live in the watery regions of the mixture.”，可知在奶油中，脂肪球在水中漂浮。在黄油中，水样溶液的小球被锁在脂肪中。而使食物变坏的细菌更喜欢生活在混合物的含水区域。可判

29、断出在奶油中，细菌更容易在这种混合物中生存繁殖，所以奶油会更快变质。因此选项B符合题意。3.细节事实题。根据文章最后一段，“The researchers are already working with food companies keen to see if their products can be made resistant to bacterial attack through alterations to the foods structure.”，可知研究人员已经在与食品公司合作，希望能通过改变食物的结构使其具有抵抗细菌攻击的能力。可判断出研究者Brocklehurst表示，

30、我们可以通过改变食物的结构来使奶油保险，抵抗细菌入侵。因此选项D符合题意。4.词义理解题。根据文章第四段，“When the situation is reversed, the bacteria are locked away in compartments buried deep in the sea of fat. Trapped in this way, individual colonies cannot spread and rapidly run out of nutrients.”，可知当情况发生逆转时，细菌被锁在深埋在脂肪海洋中的隔间里。根据trapped in this w

31、ay可判断出，此句是对上一句情况的继续描述，所以非谓语动词的逻辑主语仍然不会改变，这里的colonies和上文的bacteria是同一事物，都为主语。可判断出colonies也是指细菌。因此选项B符合题意。5.细节事实题。根据文章最后一段，“Brocklehurst believes it will be possible to make the emulsions used in salad cream, for instance, more like that in butter. The key will be to do this while keeping the salad cre

32、am liquid and not turning it into a solid lump.”，可知Brocklehurst认为将有可能制造出用于沙拉酱中的乳剂，就像用于黄油的乳剂一样。关键是在保持沙拉酱液体的状态，而不是变成固体块。可判断出如果能使沙拉酱在保持液态的状态下能同时抵抗细菌的侵袭，那么这项研究成果将有可能用于商业用途，所以关键在于是要保持液体状态。因此选项D符合题意。9. 单选题There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened（ ） a sudden loud noise.问题1选项A.bein

33、g thereB.should there beC.there wasD.there having been【答案】B【解析】语法题。根据句子结构和选项，可知空格中应填入虚拟条件句，因为省略if，所以应使用倒装，选项C和D可排除。根据句意可知，句子是对将来的虚拟，主句形式为should/could/would/might+动词原形，从句形式为should+动词原形。句意：如果突然发出很大的声音，这些动物很可能会受到惊吓。因此选项B符合题意。10. 单选题Mr. Smith （ ）with the government for thirty-seven years by the time he

34、retires.问题1选项A.will workB.will have workedC.will be workingD.will have been worked【答案】B【解析】考查语法时态。根据句中“by+the time”可知，这里应为完成时，首先排除选项A和C；Mr. Smith和work之间构成主动关系，所以选项B正确。11. 单选题It is time the nations of the world （ ）a halt to the manufacture of nuclear weapons.问题1选项A.would callB.callC.calledD.will call

35、【答案】C【解析】考查固定用法。It is time( that) sb. did sth.意为“是做某事的时候了.”。句意：世界各国是时候停止制造核武器了。所以选项C正确。12. 单选题He is holding （ ）a position in the company and expects to be promoted soon.问题1选项A.subordinateB.succeedingC.successiveD.subsequent【答案】A【解析】形容词辨析题。subordinate从属的，下级的；succeeding 随后的，接着的；successive连续的，交替的；subse

36、quent随后的。根据下句“expects to be promoted soon”希望不久能得到提升，说明他在公司担任下级的职务，所以选项A符合句意。13. 单选题Automation refers to the introduction of electronic control and automatic operation of productive machinery. It reduces the human factors, mental and physical, in production, and is designed to make possible the manuf

37、acture of more goods with fewer workers. The development of automation in American industry has been called the Second Industrial Revolution.Labors concern over automation arises from uncertainty about its effects on employment, and fears of major changes in jobs. In the main, labor has taken the vi

38、ew that resistance to technological change is futile. In the long run, the result of automation may well be an increase in employment, since it is expected that vast industries will grow up around manufacturing, maintaining, and repairing automation equipment. Unquestionably, however, there will be

39、major shifts in jobs within plants and displacement of labor from one industry to another. The interest of labor lies in bringing about this transition with a minimum of inconvenience and distress to the workers involved. Also, union spokesmen emphasize that the benefit of the increased production a

40、nd lower costs made possible by automation should be shared by workers in the form of higher wages, more leisure, and improved living standards.To protect the interests of their members in the era of automation, unions have adopted a number of new policies. One of these is the promotion of supplemen

41、tary unemployment benefits plans. It is emphasized that since the employer involved in SUB plan has a direct financial stake in preventing unemployment, he will have a strong incentive for planning new installations so as to cause the least possible disruption in jobs and job assignments. Some union

42、s are working for dismissal pay agreements, requiring that permanently laid off workers be paid a sum of money based on length of service. Another approach is the idea of the improvement factor, which calls for wage increase based on increases in productivity. It is probable, however, that labor wil

43、l rely mainly on reduction in working hours in order to gain a full share in the fruits of automation.1.We learn from paragraph 1 that automation will probably lead to （ ）.2.Labor has the opinion that （ ）.3.What is the relation between automation and employment in the opinion of labor?4. The union s

44、tresses that （ ）.5.How many new policies of the unions have been listed in this passage?问题1选项A.industrial expansionB.an increase in employmentC.displacement of labor from one industry to anotherD.an increase in unemployment问题2选项A.all efforts must be made to prevent automationB.automation will cause

45、a rise in consumer costsC.its main interest lies in increasing all wagesD.technological change cannot be stopped问题3选项A.Automation will definitely leads to more unemployment.B.From a long-term point of view automation will bring about more jobs.C.Automation will not cause much change in employment.D.

46、Sooner of later automation will do all the work instead of man.问题4选项A.workers should also enjoy the fruits brought about by automationB.no workers should be fired in the development of automationC.it is necessary to slow down the development of automationD.workers should be paid according to their l

47、ength of service问题5选项A.1B.2C.3D.4【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:B第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.推理判断题。根据第一段的内容“自动化减少了生产过程中的人为因素，包括精神和身体上的因素，旨在使这样一种情况成为可能用更少的工人生产更多的产品。”由此可推断，工人减少会导致失业率上升，所以这就是自动化所导致的结果。选项D正确。2.事实细节题。根据第二段第二句“In the main, labor has taken the view that resistance to technological change is futile.”总的来说，劳动者们认为抵制技

48、术变革是徒劳的。选项D符合原文。3.细节事实题。根据第二段第三句“In the long run, the result of automation may well be an increase in employment, since it is expected that vast industries will grow up around manufacturing, maintaining, and repairing automation equipment.”从长远来看，自动化的结果很可能会导致就业的增加，因为在制造、维护和维修自动化设备领域将会出现大量的行业。选项B符合原文。

49、4.事实细节题。根据第二段最后一句“Also, union spokesmen emphasize that the benefit of the increased production and lower costs made possible by automation should be shared by workers in the form of higher wages, more leisure, and improved living standards.”工会发言人强调，自动化带来产量增加和成本降低的好处，应该通过提高工资、增加休闲时间和提高生活水平的形式，让工人们共享。

50、也就是说，工人也应该享受自动化带来的好处。选项A符合原文。5.主旨大意题。根据关键词“new policies”定位到最后一段“To protect the interests of their members in the era of automation, unions have adopted a number of new policies. One of these is.Another approach is.”为了在自动化时代保护工会成员的利益，工会采取了一系列新政策。其中之一是另一种方法是。由此可知是个政策，所以选项B正确。14. 单选题There is no electri

51、city again. A（ ） has blown, causing the lights to fail.问题1选项A.fuseB.wireC.plugD.circuit【答案】A【解析】名词词义辨析。fuse “保险丝，熔线”；wire “金属丝”；plug “插头”；circuit “电路”。句意：又停电了。保险丝坏了，导致停电了。因此选项A符合题意15. 单选题The （ ）of a cultural phenomenon is usually a logical consequence of some physical aspect in the life style of the

52、 people.问题1选项A.manifestationB.implementationC.expeditionD.demonstration【答案】A【解析】名词辨析题。manifestation表现，显示；implementation实现，履行；expedition远征；demonstration示范，证明。句意：文化现象的 通常是人们生活习惯中某些物质方面的逻辑结果。选项A更符合语境，所以正确。16. 问答题Dont touch those wires in any circumstances. (Under)【答案】Dont touch those wires under any ci

53、rcumstances.17. 单选题The government is trying to do something to （ ）better understanding between the two countries.问题1选项A.raiseB.promoteC.heightenD.increase【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。raise “提高，筹集，养育”；promote “促进，推动”；heighten “提高，增高，使更显著”；increase “增加，增大”。句意：政府正在努力促进两国之间更好的理解。因此选项B符合题意。18. 单选题The government made

54、no （ ）in the fight against inflation; indeed the situation has worsened recently.问题1选项A.effectB.headwayC.accomplishmentD.achievement【答案】B【解析】固定搭配题。make no headway为固定搭配，表示“毫无进展，止步不前”，根据空格后下一句句意事实上，最近的情况变得更糟了确定逻辑和句意正确，所以B选项正确。19. 单选题He knows little of Chinese, to say（ ）of Chinese culture.问题1选项A.someth

55、ingB.anythingC.nothingD.somebody【答案】C【解析】固定搭配。something “某事”；anything “任何事”；nothing “没什么事”；somebody “某人”。又根据固定搭配say nothing of “更不用说了”，可知句意：他一点都不了解中文，更别说中国文化了。因此选项C符合题意。20. 单选题Happy（）they were, there was something missing.问题1选项A.thoughB.whichC.asD.since【答案】C【解析】though虽然； which哪个; as像，如;尽管; 虽然；since自从。句意：尽管他们是快乐的，但总缺少些什么。句子之间有一个转折关系，though一般放在句子句首，as表示让步时，采用倒装句式，表语一般放在从句之首，故C选项正确。