2022年考博英语-中央美术学院考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷54

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1、2022年考博英语-中央美术学院考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题The soldier was（ ） of running away when the enemy attacked.问题1选项A.scoldedB.chargedC.accusedD.punished【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。be scolded for因而被训斥；be charged with“被指控犯罪的”；be accused of“被指控”；be published for“因而受惩罚”。句意：在敌人攻击时，这位士兵被指控逃跑了。C项符合题意。2. 单选题A special feature of e

2、ducation at MIT is the opportunity for students and faculty to （ ）together in research activities.问题1选项A.specializeB.participateC.consistD.involve【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。specialize“使专门化”；participate“参与”；consist“由组成”; involve“包含，牵涉”。句意：麻省理工学院教育的一个特色是学生和老师都有机会一起参与研究活动。B项符合题意，故答案B。3. 写作题Directions: For this pa

3、rt, you are required to write a composition on the topic “Uncivilized Behaviors in Public” You should write at least 160 words and you should base your composition on the outline (in Chinese)below:1.在公共场合有哪些不文明行为2.造成这些不文明行为的原因3.怎样改进这些不文明行为【答案】略4. 单选题Tom was a highly（ ）teacher who took his duties ser

4、iously but he had neither the personality nor ability to achieve much success.问题1选项A.conscientiousB.efficientC.capableD.talented【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项conscientious“认真的，尽责的”；B选项efficient“有效率的”；C选项capable“有能力的”；D选项talented“有才能的”。分析句子可知，who后面引导的定语从句修饰teacher，根填空处也应该填入一个形容词来修饰teacher，由此可知，填空处单词应与定语从句表达的意思

5、相近，took his duties seriously指的是“尽职尽责的”，选项A与之意思最接近，所以正确。5. 单选题She opened the packet and emptied the（ ）into a saucepan.问题1选项A.fullnessB.containerC.refillsD.contents【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项fullness“充满，丰富”；B选项container“容器”；C选项refills“再装满”；D选项contents“内容”。根据句意“她打开袋子，把里面的东西倒进了锅里。”只有选项D最符合语境。6. 单选题The American

6、Civil War was a four-year armed（1）between northern and southern sections of the United States. The fighting began on April 12, 1861, and（2）until May 1865.For a long time（3）the Civil War, the North and South had（4）each other on many issues. Most people in the（5）wanted to abolish slavery, or at least

7、to stop its spread to new states, （6）the slave owners of the South held that（7）should be allowed everywhere.Another issue that divided the North and South was a（8）one. The North believed in a strong central government,（9）, the federal government should have more power than the state governments. Mos

8、t southerners,（10）, regarded the nation as a union of separate and more or less（11）states. They held that a state had the right to（12）or “secede” from the Union when it felt its interests to be threatened.In November, 1860, Abraham Lincoln was（13）the 16th President of the United States. Since Lincol

9、n had become well-known（14）the country for his anti-slavery views, his election caused a panic among the（15）in the South. One month later, South Carolina seceded from（16）. By February 1, 1861, six other statesMississippi. Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texashad taken（17）steps.President Li

10、ncoln knew that if these（18）states were allowed to leave the Union, it would soon（19）. So shortly after he had taken office, it was decided by his cabinet that the Union was to be preserved（20）.问题1选项A.conflictB.quarrelC.battleD.struggle问题2选项A.establishedB.preservedC.foundedD.lasted问题3选项A.afterB.befo

11、reC.untilD.to问题4选项A.disagreed withB.agreed toC.agreed withD.disagreed to问题5选项A.NorthB.SouthC.Civil WarD.Country问题6选项A.asB.soC.andD.while问题7选项A.freedomB.slaveryC.plantationD.revolution问题8选项A.politicalB.economicalC.educationalD.artificial问题9选项A.so to sayB.howeverC.that isD.for example问题10选项A.as a resu

12、ltB.howeverC.yetD.in问题11选项A.dependentB.independentC.completeD.incomplete问题12选项A.succeedB.erectC.establishD.withdraw问题13选项A.electedB.selectedC.chosenD.appointed问题14选项A.forB.throughoutC.amongD.during问题15选项A.labor partyB.factory ownersC.slave ownersD.presidents问题16选项A.the UnionB.the NorthC.the SouthD.t

13、he State问题17选项A.alikeB.likelyC.similarD.related问题18选项A.sixB.twoC.liveD.seven问题19选项A.get togetherB.burst intoC.break outD.break up问题20选项A.by forceB.by persuadingC.by talkingD.by education【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:B第4题:A第5题:A第6题:D第7题:B第8题:A第9题:C第10题:B第11题:B第12题:D第13题:A第14题:B第15题:C第16题:A第17题:C第18题:A第19题:D第20题:

14、A【解析】1.考查名词辨析。A选项conflict“冲突，矛盾”；B选项quarrel“吵架，争论”；C选项battle“战役，斗争”；D选项struggle“斗争，奋斗”。根据句意“美国内战是美国北部和南部地区之间长达四年的武装冲突。”选项A最符合语境。2.考查动词辨析。A选项establish“建立”；B选项preserve“保存”；C选项found“创立”；D选项last“持续”。根据原文可知，这里是说战争从1861年4月12持续到了1865年5月，所以选项D符合原文。3.考查介词辨析。原文是说在美国内战爆发之前的很长一段时间里，南北双方在很多问题上就已经存在分歧了。所以选项B符合原文。

15、4.考查上下文语义。根据下文的描述可以推断出双方应该是存在分歧，由此可首先排除选项B和选项C；当表示双方意见不一致的时候用介词with，所以选项A正确。5.考查上下文语义。本段主要是讲南北之间的矛盾，下文提到了南方的奴隶主，那这里指的应该是北方的大多数人想要取消奴隶制。所以选项A符合原文。6.考查逻辑关系词。前后形成对比并且是相反的情况，应使用连词while表转折，所以选项D正确。7.考查上下文语义。上文提及北方大多数人想要取消奴隶制，然而南方的奴隶主们认为奴隶制在任何地方都应该被允许，所以选项B符合原文。8.考查形容词辨析。A选项political“政治的”；B选项economical“经济

16、的”；C选项educational “教育的”；D选项artificial“人造的”。根据原文可知，分裂南北方属于政治问题，所以选项A符合原文。9.考查连接词。A选项so to say“可以这么说，打个比方说”；B选项however“然而”；C选项that is“也就是说，换言之”；D选项for example“例如”。根据句意“北方相信一个强大的中央政府，（ ） ，联邦政府应该比州政府拥有更多的权力。”句子的后半部分是对前半部分的进一步解释，所以选项C更符合语境。10.考查逻辑连接词。上文提及北方相信一个强大的中央政府，而下文讲到南方认为这个国家是一个独立的，或者或多或少独立的州组成的联盟，

17、前后形成转折关系，所以选项B符合语境。11.考查上下文语义。这里是由and连接的两个并列成分，根据上一句“regarded the nation as a union of separate把国家看作是一个独立的联合体”可知，后半句表示或多或少独立的州。所以选项B符合句意。12.考查动词辨析。A选项succeed“继承，接替”；B选项erect“竖立，建造”；C选项establish“建立”；D选项withdraw“撤退，离开”。根据句意“他们认为，当一个州感到自己的利益受到威胁时，它有权退出或“脱离”联邦。”选项D符合原文语境。13.考查动词辨析。A选项elect“选举”；B选项select

18、“选择”；C选项choose“挑选”；D选项appoint“任命，委派”。根据原文可知，这里是说林肯当选为美国第16任总统，选项A符合句意。14.考查介词辨析。根据句意“林肯反奴隶制的观点闻名于全国”，贯穿全国用介词throughout，选项B正确。15.考查上下文语义。根据句意“他（林肯）的当选在南部 引起了恐慌。”林肯反对奴隶制，损害的是南方奴隶主的利益，所以选项C符合原文语境。16.考查上下文语义。根据最后一段第一句可知，这里指脱离的是联邦政府，所以选项A符合原文语境。17.考查形容词辨析。A选项alike“相似的，相像的”，强调两个人长得相像；B选项likely“可能的，合适的”；C选

19、项similar“相似的”；D选项related“有关联的”。根据原文可知，这里是说其他六个州也采取了类似的措施，选项C符合语境。18.考查上下文语义。南卡罗来纳州已经脱离了联邦政府，所以这里是说“如果这六个州也被允许脱离联邦政府的话.”，选项A符合语境。19.考查词组辨析。A选项get together“聚集，积累”；B选项burst into“闯入”；C选项break out“爆发，突发”；D选项break up“解散，衰落”。根据句意“如果这六个州也被允许脱离联邦政府的话，联邦很快就会分裂。”选项D符合原文语境。20.考查短语辨析。A选项by force“强迫地，靠武力”；B选项by p

20、ersuading“通过劝说”；C选项by talking“通过谈判”；D选项 by education“通过教育”。根据句意“因此，在他就职后不久，他的内阁决定通过武力来维护联邦。”选项A符合原文语境。7. 单选题Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word table following the passage. Read the

21、 passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the table is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet. You may not use any of the words in the table more than once.Many American students（1）higher education to prepare for profess

22、ional employment. In your academic training you will need to begin planning for the（2）from college to career. A career is really a processit is how you progress through a （3）of jobs and occupations during your working years. A college education can help you get started on your career journey.In Amer

23、ica society, the type of occupational fields you choose and jobs you hold（4）your entire lifestyle: your concept, income, prestige, choice of friends, and where you will live. This freedom to choose from thousands of employment choices can be（5）or troublingif you dont know where and how to begin.Care

24、er planning is a comprehensive process that takes much time and（6）. Career planning can greatly increase your（7）of obtaining employment in the occupation you choose. However, career planning includes much more than a job search. It begins with carefully considering what you want and need in life.Car

25、eer planning can be divided into four（8）steps that include self-assessment, occupational exploration and selection, career preparation, and job seeking. Although each students goal will be（9）, one suggested timetable to help you keep on course is to complete one step in each university year. Your（10

26、）may be longer or shorter depending on your career goal.问题1选项A.transmissionB.continuousC.enjoyableD.seriesE.perspectiveF.variesG.scheduleH.differentI.superficialJ.effortK.prospectsL.influenceM.cultivateN.pursueO.transition问题2选项A.transmissionB.continuousC.enjoyableD.seriesE.perspectiveF.variesG.sched

27、uleH.differentI.superficialJ.effortK.prospectsL.influenceM.cultivateN.pursueO.transition问题3选项A.transmissionB.continuousC.enjoyableD.seriesE.perspectiveF.variesG.scheduleH.differentI.superficialJ.effortK.prospectsL.influenceM.cultivateN.pursueO.transition问题4选项A.transmissionB.continuousC.enjoyableD.se

28、riesE.perspectiveF.variesG.scheduleH.differentI.superficialJ.effortK.prospectsL.influenceM.cultivateN.pursueO.transition问题5选项A.transmissionB.continuousC.enjoyableD.seriesE.perspectiveF.variesG.scheduleH.differentI.superficialJ.effortK.prospectsL.influenceM.cultivateN.pursueO.transition问题6选项A.transmi

29、ssionB.continuousC.enjoyableD.seriesE.perspectiveF.variesG.scheduleH.differentI.superficialJ.effortK.prospectsL.influenceM.cultivateN.pursueO.transition问题7选项A.transmissionB.continuousC.enjoyableD.seriesE.perspectiveF.variesG.scheduleH.differentI.superficialJ.effortK.prospectsL.influenceM.cultivateN.

30、pursueO.transition问题8选项A.transmissionB.continuousC.enjoyableD.seriesE.perspectiveF.variesG.scheduleH.differentI.superficialJ.effortK.prospectsL.influenceM.cultivateN.pursueO.transition问题9选项A.transmissionB.continuousC.enjoyableD.seriesE.perspectiveF.variesG.scheduleH.differentI.superficialJ.effortK.p

31、rospectsL.influenceM.cultivateN.pursueO.transition问题10选项A.transmissionB.continuousC.enjoyableD.seriesE.perspectiveF.variesG.scheduleH.differentI.superficialJ.effortK.prospectsL.influenceM.cultivateN.pursueO.transition【答案】第1题:N第2题:O第3题:D第4题:L第5题:C第6题:J第7题:K第8题:B第9题:H第10题:G【解析】第1题:1.此空应填一个动词，因此FMLN可选，

32、此处句意为一些美国学生为了就业做准备而追求更高的教育。N项符合句意。2.此空应填一个名词，transmission“传播，传染”；transition“过渡”。句意：在你求学时你应该做好从大学向就业的过渡。故O项正确。3.a series of“一系列的”。4.句意：在美国社会，你选择的职业领域和工作会影响你的整个生活方式。5.由or troubling可知此空应填与troubling意思相反的形容词，故C项正确。6.由time and可知此空应填名词，句意：职业规划是一个需要花时间和努力的复杂过程。7.prospect“前途，前景”。句意：职业规划可以极大地增加你所选择的职业领域获得工作的前

33、景。8.由that从句的内容可知此空应填continual“持续不断的”。9.句意：尽管每个学生的目标是不同的。10.由longer or shorter可推知G项正确。句意：根据你的职业目标，你的日程表可能长也可能短。第2题:第3题:第4题:第5题:第6题:第7题:第8题:第9题:第10题:8. 单选题Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in

34、 a word table following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the table is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet. You may not use any of the words in the table more than once.It is 3 a.m. everyt

35、hing on the university campus seems ghostlike in the quiet and darknesseverything except the computer center. Here, twenty students rumpled and bleary-eyed, tapping away on the（1）keys. With eyes glued to the video screen, they tap on for hours. For the rest of the world, it might be the middle of th

36、e night, but here time does not exist. This is a world unto itself. These young computer “hackers” are（2）a kind of compulsion, a drive so consuming it overshadows nearly every other part of their lives and forms the focal point of their existence. They are（3）computer programmers. Some of these stude

37、nts have been at the console for thirty hours or more without a break for meals or sleep. Some have（4）on sofas and lounge chairs in the computer center, trying to catch a moment sleep but dont want to get too far away from their beloved machines. Most of these students dont have to beat the computer

38、 center in the middle of the night. They arent working on assignments. They are there because they want to bethey are irresistibly（5）there.And they are not alone. There are（6）at computer centers all across the country. In their extreme form, they focus on nothing else. They flunk out of school and l

39、ose contact with friends; they might have difficulty finding jobs, choosing instead to wander from one computer center to another.“I remember one hacker. We（7）had to carry him off his chair to feed him and put him to sleep. We really feared for his health,” says a computer science professor at MIT.C

40、omputer science teachers are now more（8）of the implications of this hacker phenomenon and are on the lookout for potential hackers and cases of computer（9）that are already severe. They know that the（10）of the hackers is not just the story of one persons relationship with a machine. It is the story o

41、f a societys relationship to the so-called thinking machines which are becoming almost everywhere.问题1选项A.hackersB.companyC.compulsiveD.internalE.fallen asleepF.knowG.actuallyH.purseI.computerJ.drawnK.addressedL.addictionM.pursuingN.awareO.case问题2选项A.hackersB.companyC.compulsiveD.internalE.fallen asl

42、eepF.knowG.actuallyH.purseI.computerJ.drawnK.addressedL.addictionM.pursuingN.awareO.case问题3选项A.hackersB.companyC.compulsiveD.internalE.fallen asleepF.knowG.actuallyH.purseI.computerJ.drawnK.addressedL.addictionM.pursuingN.awareO.case问题4选项A.hackersB.companyC.compulsiveD.internalE.fallen asleepF.knowG

43、.actuallyH.purseI.computerJ.drawnK.addressedL.addictionM.pursuingN.awareO.case问题5选项A.hackersB.companyC.compulsiveD.internalE.fallen asleepF.knowG.actuallyH.purseI.computerJ.drawnK.addressedL.addictionM.pursuingN.awareO.case问题6选项A.hackersB.companyC.compulsiveD.internalE.fallen asleepF.knowG.actuallyH

44、.purseI.computerJ.drawnK.addressedL.addictionM.pursuingN.awareO.case问题7选项A.hackersB.companyC.compulsiveD.internalE.fallen asleepF.knowG.actuallyH.purseI.computerJ.drawnK.addressedL.addictionM.pursuingN.awareO.case问题8选项A.hackersB.companyC.compulsiveD.internalE.fallen asleepF.knowG.actuallyH.purseI.co

45、mputerJ.drawnK.addressedL.addictionM.pursuingN.awareO.case问题9选项A.hackersB.companyC.compulsiveD.internalE.fallen asleepF.knowG.actuallyH.purseI.computerJ.drawnK.addressedL.addictionM.pursuingN.awareO.case问题10选项A.hackersB.companyC.compulsiveD.internalE.fallen asleepF.knowG.actuallyH.purseI.computerJ.d

46、rawnK.addressedL.addictionM.pursuingN.awareO.case【答案】第1题:I第2题:M第3题:C第4题:E第5题:J第6题:A第7题:G第8题:N第9题:L第10题:O【解析】1.考查句意理解。根据句意“在这里（电脑中心），20名学生皱着眉头，睡眼惺忪，不停地敲着（ ） 键盘。”由此可推断出，这里指的是电脑键盘，所以I选项正确。2.考查句意理解。根据句意“这些年轻的电脑黑客正在（ ） 一种冲动，这种冲动如此强烈，以至于掩盖了他们生活的几乎所有其他部分，形成了他们存在的焦点。”由此可知，填空处应填入动词，M选项pursuing“追求”代入符合句意。3.考查

47、句意理解。分析句子可知，填空处应填入的是一个形容词来修饰computer programmers；根据下文“其中一些学生已经在控制台前呆了30多个小时，没有吃饭或睡觉。”可推断出，这些人他们的行为是强制性的，所以本题选C。4.考查句意理解。根据句意可知，这里是说“有些人在电脑中心的沙发和躺椅上睡着了。”所以选项E正确。5.考查句意理解。根据破折号前面的句意“他们在那里是因为他们想要.”，可知，这里应该是指“他们被不可抗拒地吸引到那里”，所以选项J符合句意。6.考查句意理解。根据句意“而且他们并不孤单。这里有来自于全国各地计算机中心的黑客。”选项A符合句意。7.考查句子结构和句意理解。分析句子结

48、构可知，句子成分和句意表达完整，由此可知，填空处应填入的是一个副词，只有选项G属于副词，所以正确。8.考查固定搭配。根据句意“计算机科学教师们现在更加（ ） 这种黑客现象的影响”be aware of意为“意识到”，选项N符合句意。9.考查句意理解。根据句意“计算机科学教师现在更加意识到这种黑客现象的影响，并且密切关注那些潜在的黑客和已经对计算机严重上瘾的事例。”computer addiction意为“对计算机上瘾的”，选项L符合句意。10.考查句意理解。根据句意“他们知道，黑客事件不只是一个人与一台机器的关系。”选项O符合句意。9. 单选题Because of a（ ） engagemen

49、t, Lora couldnt attend my birthday party last Saturday.问题1选项A.pioneerB.prematureC.priorD.past【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。pioneer“先锋”；premature“早产的，不成熟的”；prior“先前的”；past“过去”。句意：由于先前的约会，Lora上周六不能参加我的生日派对。C项符合题意。10. 单选题The news you told me the other day has yet to be（ ） .问题1选项A.affirmedB.informedC.confirmedD.conf

50、ormed【答案】C【解析】考查形近词辨析。A选项affirm“确认，断言”；B选项inform“通知，告密”；C选项confirm“确认，证实”；D选项conform“符合，遵守”。根据句意“你前几天告诉我的消息还没有被证实。”选项C符合句意。11. 单选题Eye contact is important because wrong contact may create a communication（ ）.问题1选项A.tragedyB.vacuumC.questionD.barrier【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。tragedy “悲剧，惨案”；vacuum“真空，空间”；questi

51、on“问题，疑问”；barrier“障碍”。句意：眼神交流是很重要的，因为错误的交流会导致交流障碍。D项符合题意。12. 单选题Sadly, the Giant Panda is one of the many species now in danger of（ ）.问题1选项A.extinctionB.migrationC.destructionD.extraction【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。extinction“灭绝，消灭”；migration“迁移，移民”；destruction“毁灭”；extraction“取出，抽出”。句意：令人悲伤的是，大熊猫现在成了濒临灭绝的动物种类之一

52、。A项符合题意。13. 单选题We would just as soon stay at home（ ）go for a walk.问题1选项A.thanB.butC.asD.so【答案】C【解析】考查固定句型。would (just) as soon.as意为“宁愿.也不.”。句意“我们宁愿待在家里也不愿出去散步。”所以选项C正确。14. 单选题Beauty has always been regarded as something praiseworthy. Almost everyone thinks attractive people are happier and healthier

53、, have better marriages and more respectable occupations. Personal consultants give them better advice for finding jobs. Even judges are softer on attractive defendants（被告）. But in the executive circle, beauty can become a liability.While attractiveness is a positive factor for a man on his way up t

54、he executive ladder, it is harmful to a woman. Handsome male executives were thought as having more integrity than plainer men; effort and ability were thought to account for their success. Attractive female executives were considered to have less integrity than unattractive ones; their success was

55、attributed not to ability but to factors such as luck.All unattractive women executives were thought to have more integrity and to be more capable than the attractive female executives. Interestingly, though, the rise of the unattractive overnight successes was attributed more to personal relationsh

56、ips and less to ability than was that of the attractive overnight successes.Why are attractive women not thought to be able? An attractive woman is thought to be more feminine and an attractive man more masculine than the less attractive ones. Thus, an attractive woman has an advantage in traditiona

57、lly female jobs, but an attractive woman in a traditionally masculine position appears to lack the masculine qualities required.This is true even in politics. “When the only clue is how he or she looks, people treat men and women differently,” says Anne Bowman, who recently published a study on the

58、effects of attractiveness on political candidates. She asked 125 undergraduate students to rank two groups of photographs, one of men and one of women, in order of attractiveness. The students were told the photographs were of candidates for political offices. They were asked to rank them again, in the order they would vote for them.The results showed that attractive males utter