2022年考博英语-宁夏大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷38

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1、2022年考博英语-宁夏大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Insurance in respect of the property will be affected by the Society in accordance with the Rules and the mortgage conditions. The Society has a wide experience of insurance companies as the Society may determine and places insurance with many companies who ar

2、e able to provide a cover which the society considers necessary. You may like the Society to insure with a particular company, and if so please contact immediately the Branch Office to which you submitted your application for loan, and so long as that company and its terms are acceptable to the Soci

3、ety the cover will be arranged accordingly. If you should suggest a company and it is not one with which the Society does business you will be informed and offered a choice of other companies. Your may request change of insurances Company at any time during the life of the mortgage. If your mortgage

4、 is under the endowment scheme or supported by an insurance guarantee or if the documents of title specify the company to be used it may not be possible to accept your choice.The initial sum insured will be the figure shown under the heading “Amount of Property Insurance” in Details of Loan. This fi

5、gure is the amount recommended by the Societys value, as his estimates of the replacement cost of the building at the date of valuation, unless some other amount has been agreed in writing between you and Society. No warranty is given or implied that the amount of insurance will cover complete loss.

6、You are reminded that the market value of your property bears no relationship to the cost, at the time of replacement. The amount for which the property is insured should therefore represent not less than the cost, at the time of repair or replacement, or rebuilding all the property covered in the s

7、ame materials, form, style and condition as when it is new. It should also include any architects, surveyors and legal fees which may be payable and any costs which may be insured in complying with the requirements of the Local Authority and in removing debris (残骸), etc. The term “property” includes

8、 domestic outbuilding, garages, walls, landlords fixtures and fittings etc., but excludes the value of the land.The market value of a house is therefore likely to be less than the cost of rebuilding, especially if the property is elderly. Even if the property is recently built, the work involved in

9、reinstatement will be more expensive than the building cost which can be achieved by a builder building on an estate basis.1.The passage appears to be from（ ）.2.The tone of this passage could best be described as（ ）.3.According to the passage if the customer suggests an insurance company（ ）.4.The pa

10、ssage states that when you insure your property（ ）.5.The passage implies that rebuilding a property costs more than its market value（ ）.问题1选项A.an advertisementB.an information bookletC.a newspaper articleD.a formal speech问题2选项A.academicB.light-heartedC.formalD.subjective问题3选项A.it is impossible to ch

11、ange that company later onB.the Society will provide a list of alternative companiesC.the Society will not accept responsibility for the policyD.the Society may not be able to agree to the company问题4选项A.you should not take the land value into account.B.you should use the market value as a guideC.you

12、 should take the advice of our Local AuthorityD.garages and garden sheds are not usually included问题5选项A.only if the property is oldB.particularly if the property is newC.whatever the age of the propertyD.because of rising building cost【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.判断推理题。本文讲述的是有关财产保险的情况。文章就如何办理保

13、险、怎样确定保险公司、涉及房产保险时如何估价等一系列问题提供了大量有用的信息，因此可以判断，文章内容应该是节选于有关保险的信息手册，因此B选项“一个信息小册子”正确。A选项“广告”；C选项“报纸上的文章”以及D选项“正式的演说”都不正确。2.判断推理题。因为本文是一篇科普类型的文章，为读者提供了大量相关的信息，例如第一段有提到 The Society has a wide experience of insurance companies as the Society may determine and places insurance with many companies who are

14、able to provide a cover which the society considers necessary.（本协会在保险公司方面有着广泛的经验，因为本协会可以确定并向许多能够提供必要保险的公司提供保险。）可以看出这篇文章应该是用非常正式的语气在为读者解惑的，因此C选项正确。A选项“学术的”，不妥；B选项“轻松的，无忧无虑的”，也不是原文的语气；D选项“主观的”，这是一篇科普文，因此不会是主观态度的。3.事实细节题。根据题干关键词定位到第一段的第四句If you should suggest a company and it is not one with which the

15、Society does business you will be informed and offered a choice of other companies.（如果你建议一家公司，而该公司不是与协会有业务往来的公司，你会得到通知，并可以选择其他公司。）因为有协调的可能性，因此说明确实会存在保险协会不同意客户选择保险公司的情况，D选项“该协会可能无法同意该公司的意见”正确。A选项“之后更换公司是不可能的”，在第一段you will be informed and offered a choice of other companies（你会得到通知，并可以选择其他公司），说明是可以换公司的

16、；B选项“协会将提供一份可供选择的公司名单”不全面；C选项“协会将不承担该政策的责任”，保险协会要根据客户选定的保险公司与自己是否有业务合作来判断是否同意这家公司为客户进行投保，因此C不正确。4.事实细节题。根据题干定位到第三段的最后一句but excludes the value of the land（但不包括土地价值），因此A选项“你不应该把土地价值考虑在内”正确。B选项“你应该以市场价值为指导”，在第三段的第一句You are reminded that the market value of your property bears no relationship to the cos

17、t, at the time of replacement.（请注意，你的物业的市场价值与重置时的成本无关。）因此B错误；C选项“你应该采纳我们当地当局的建议”在倒数第二段complying with the requirements of the Local Authority（可能是被保险人遵守当地政府的要求），并没有说从Local Authority（当地当局）那里得到建议，因此C选项错误；D选项“车库和花园棚屋通常不包括在内”，定位到倒数第二段The term “property” includes.garages, wall, landlords fixtures and fitti

18、ngs etc., but excludes the value of the land（“财产”一词包括住宅附属建筑、车库、墙壁、业主的固定装置及设备等，但不包括土地价值），可见D选项表达与原文矛盾。5.事实细节题。根据题干定位到最后一段The market value of a house is therefore likely to be less than the cost of rebuilding.a builder building on an estate basis.（因此，房屋的市场价值很可能低于重建成本，特别是如果房屋是老房子的话。即使房产是最近建造的，修复工作的费用也会

19、比建筑商按地产建造的建筑成本更昂贵）说明无论房屋的使用年限长短，其重建价值都会高于市场价值，因此C选项“无论财产的年龄”正确。同时A选项“除非房子是旧的”和B选项“特别是当房产是新的时候”错误；D选项“因为不断上涨的建筑成本”与题干没有关系。2. 单选题The food we eat seems to have profound effects on our health. Although science has made enormous steps in making many food more fit to eat, it has, the same time, made many

20、foods unfit to eat. Some research has shown that perhaps 80% of all human illness is related to diet and 40% of cancer is related to the diet as well, especially cancer of the colon.Different cultures are more prone to contract certain illness because of the food that is characteristic in these cult

21、ures. That food is related to illness is not a new discovery. In 1945, government researches realized that nitrates and nitrites, commonly used to preserve color in meats, and other food additives caused cancer. Yet, these carcinogenic additives remain in our food, and it becomes more difficult all

22、the time to know which things on the packaging lakes of processed food are helpful or harmful. The additives which we eat are not all so direct. Farmers often give penicillin to beef and poultry, and because of this, penicillin has been found in the milk of treated cows. Sometimes, similar drugs are

23、 administered to animals not for medicinal purposes but for financial reasons. The farmers are simply trying to fatten the animals in order to obtain a higher price on the market. Though the Food and Drug Administration (FAD) has tried repeatedly to control these procedures, the practices continue.1

24、.How has science done a disservice to mankind?2.What are nitrates used for?3.What does FDA mean?4.The word “carcinogenic” means most nearly the same as（ ）.5.Which of the following sentences is not true?问题1选项A.Because of science, disease caused by contaminated food has been virtually eradicated.B.It

25、has caused a lack of information concerning the value of food.C.As a result of scientific intervention, some potentially harmful substances have been added to our food.D.The scientists have preserved the color of meats, but not of vegetables.问题2选项A.They preserve flavor in packaged foods.B.They prese

26、rve the color of meats.C.They are the objects of research.D.They cause the animals to become fatter.问题3选项A.Food Direct Additives.B.Final Difficult Analysis.C.Food and Drug Administration.D.Federal Diary Additives.问题4选项A.trouble-makingB.color-retainingC.money-makingD.cancer-causing问题5选项A.Drugs are al

27、ways given to animals for medical reason.B.Some of the additives in our food are added to the food itself and some are given to the living animals.C.Researchers have known about the potential hazards of food additives for over 35 years.D.Food may cause 40% of cancer in the world.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:C第

28、4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.判断推理题。根据题干信息定位到第一段Although science has made enormous steps in making many food more fit to eat, it has, the same time, made many foods unfit to eat.（虽然科学已取得巨大进展，使许多食物更适合食用，但与此同时，它也使许多食物不宜食用。）也就是说很多添加剂式的食物容易导致一些疾病，因此C选项“由于科学的干预，一些潜在的有害物质被添加到我们的食物中。”正确。A选项“由于科学的发展，由受污染的食物引起的疾病实际上已经被根除了。

29、”和题干提问并不符合；B选项“它导致了关于食物价值的信息的缺乏。”这个不是原文的观点；D选项“科学家们保存了肉的颜色，却没有保存蔬菜的颜色。”与题干不符。2.判断推理题。根据题干信息定位到第二段In 1945, government researches realized that nitrates and nitrites, commonly used to preserve color in meats（1945年，政府部门的研究人员认识到，用于肉类颜色保鲜的硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐和其他食品添加剂能致癌）因此B选项“它们能保持肉的颜色”正确。A选项“它们能保存包装食品的风味。”不是保存风味；C选

30、项“它们是研究的对象”，与原文不符；D选项“它们使动物变得更胖”与原文不符。3.事实细节题。根据题干关键词定位到最后一句话Though the Food and Drug Administration (FAD) has tried repeatedly to control these procedures, the practices continue.（尽管食品和药物管理局（FAD）多次试图控制这些程序，但这种做法仍在继续。）因此C选项“食品和药物管理局”正确。A选项“食物直接添加剂”；B选项“最终困难分析”；D选项“联邦乳品添加剂”都不正确。4.语义推测题。根据关键词定位到common

31、ly used to preserve color in meats, and other food additives caused cancer. Yet, these carcinogenic additives remain in our food（用于肉类颜色保鲜的硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐和其他食品添加剂能致癌。然而，这些致癌添加剂仍然存在于我们的食品中。）因此可以得出这些物质都是致癌的，因此D选项“致癌的”正确。A选项“制造麻烦的”；B选项“护色的”；C选项“赚钱的”都不正确。5.事实细节题。A选项“由于医学原因，药物总是给动物服用”在原文的最后一段Sometimes, similar d

32、rugs are administered to animals not for medicinal purposes but for financial reasons.（有时让动物服用这类药物并不是为了治病，而是为了经济上的原因。）因此A选项不正确。B选项“我们食物中的一些添加剂是添加到食物本身，还有一些是给活的动物吃的。”在最后一段Farmers often give penicillin to beef and poultry（农民经常给牛肉和家禽注射青霉素）；C选项“研究人员已经知道食品添加剂的潜在危害超过35年了。”在最后一段In 1945, government research

33、es realized that nitrates and nitrites, commonly used to preserve color in meats, and other food additives caused cancer. （1945年，政府部门的研究人员认识到，用于肉类保鲜的硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐和其他食品添加剂能致癌。）；D选项“食物可能会导致世界上40%的癌症”定位到第一段Some research has shown that perhaps 80% of all human illness is related to diet and 40% of cancer is

34、related to the diet as well, especially cancer of the colon.（一些研究表明，大约80%的人类疾病与饮食有关，40%的癌症也与饮食有关，尤其是结肠癌。）3. 单选题The（ ）of older persons is relatively low in developing countries, but it is growing much faster than in the West.问题1选项A.additionB.majorityC.percentageD.statistic【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项addition“

35、添加，增加物”；B选项majority“多数，成年”；C选项percentage“百分比”；D选项statistic“统计资料，统计学”。句意：发展中国家的老年人（ ）相对较低，但其增长速度却比西方国家快得多。这里要表达的是“老年人的比例相对较低”这个意思，因此C选项正确。4. 翻译题The intimacy between man and nature begins with the birth of man on the earth and becomes each century more intelligent and far-reaching. To nature, therefor

36、e, we turn as to the oldest aim most influential teacher of our race, from one point of view once our task-master, now our servant, from another point of view, our constant friend instructor and inspirer. The very intimacy of this relation robs it of a certain mystery and richness which it would hav

37、e for all minds if it were there ward of the few instead be being the privilege of the many. To the few it is in every age, full of wonder and beauty; to the many it is a matter of course.【答案】从地球上出现人类开始，人与自然之间的亲密关系也随之诞生，而且不断地被发扬光大，这种关系每一世纪都比以前变得更为明智而深远。所以，我们求助于自然，并把自然视为人类的最年长和最有影响力的老师。从某一个观点来看，自然曾一度

38、是我们的监工，现在却变为我们的奴仆。但从另一个观点来看，自然一直是我们最忠实的朋友、教导者和启发者。这种和谐紧密的关系，如果仅仅是少数人的特权，而大多数人并不能享有，那便会在人们心目中引发一种神秘和情趣。但是事实上，这种亲密关系是被天下所有的人共享的，这就使那和谐紧密的关系失去了神秘和情趣。对于少数人来说，这种关系在每个时代都充满了奇妙和美好；对于多数人来说，这种关系只是理所当然的一件事。5. 单选题People from different cultures have different（ ） of the world.问题1选项A.impressionsB.foundationsC.com

39、plicationsD.conceptions【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项impressions“印象，效果”；B选项foundations“基础，地基”；C选项complications“并发症，复杂”；D选项conceptions“概念，设想”。句意：来自不同文化的人对世界有不同的（ ）。本句表示“不同的人对世界有不同的印象”。因此A选项符合题意。6. 单选题The survival（ ）of some wild animals is not very high as they are ruthlessly hunted for their skins.问题1选项A.ratioB

40、.rateC.scaleD.standard【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项ratio“比例，比率”；B选项rate“进度，速度”，A项指的是两个量的比值，强调相比、相除的关系，B项指的是比率，速度，率等，如“tax rate税率”、“crime rate犯罪率”；这个句子中的生存率指的是“野生动物的存活数量和死亡的野生动物数量之比”，是两个数量之比，所以A项更符合。句意：一些野生动物的存活率不是很高，因为它们被残酷地猎杀以获取皮毛。；C选项scale“规模”；D选项standard“标准，水准”。因此A选项符合题意。7. 单选题Though sometimes too lazy to

41、work as hard as her sisters, Linda has a more avid fondness for the limelight.问题1选项A.mercurialB.gallantC.ardentD.frugal【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项“水银的，多变的”；B选项“英勇的，勇敢的”；C选项“热情的，热心的”；D选项“节俭的，朴素的”；题干中avid“渴望的，热心的”，句意：虽然有时她太懒，不像她的姐妹们那样努力工作，但她更渴望引人注目。因此C选项符合题意。8. 单选题The World Health Organization has released a

42、 report about how disease weakens the economies of poor countries. For years, people believed that good health is a direct result of strong economic development. However, this study suggests the opposite is true. It says that strong economic development is an important result of improved health.An i

43、nternational committee of economists and experts in public health and policy carried out the study. Some people say the study is the most complete examination to link financial aids in health care to economic growth.The study calls for a large increase in foreign aid for health care services in deve

44、loping countries. In the worlds richest countries, total spending for health care for each person is almost $2, 000 a year. However, in the worlds poorest nations, spending on health care for each person is only $13 a year.The WHO says this amount should be increased to $38 a year for each person by

45、 2015. The money would help poor nations provide treatment for diseases. It would also provide babies with important health care early in life.Jeffrey Sachs of Harvard University led the study. He says about eight million lives could be saved each year if the richest nations increased spending on he

46、alth care in developing countries. In addition, Mister Sachs says more than fifty of the worlds poorest countries would have a chance to improve the living and economic conditions for their people.The report also provides new information about how AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria（疟疾）affect economic gr

47、owth in developing countries. The researchers suggest 8, 000 million dollars be provided each year to help fight these diseases.The WHO plans to send the study to many officials around the world including heads of state, ministers of finance, health and trade, members of national parliaments and non

48、-governmental organizations. It says the report is a valuable guide for future international health programs, policies and financing.1.What relationship is there between economy and health according to the passage?2.If spending on health is increased in developing countries, the following will come

49、true except that（ ）.3.Spending on health care for each person in the worlds poorest countries in 2015 is（ ）at present.4.The study will be sent to all the following except（ ）.5.Which of the following is not mentioned in this passage?问题1选项A.Disease weakens the economies of rich countries.B.Health has

50、little effect on the economies of rich countries.C.Disease results in weak economies.D.Good health results from strong economic development.问题2选项A.eight million lives will be savedB.people in the poorest countries will have enough money for their livingC.fifty poor countries will improve their livin

51、g conditionD.economic conditions will be improved in the poorest countries问题3选项A.the same as thatB.about twice as much as thatC.about three times as much as thatD.about four times as much as that问题4选项A.members of non-governmental organizations and ministers of healthB.ministers of finance and member

52、s of national parliamentsC.ministers of trade and heads of stateD.members of international health programs问题5选项A.Health care for babies in poor countries has improved.B.Total spending for health care is higher in rich countries than in poor ones.C.If the richest countries gave financial aids to deve

53、loping countries, many lives could be saved.D.This report will be sent to many officials around the world.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.判断推理题。题干问：根据文章，经济和健康之间的关系是什么？C选项“疾病导致经济疲软”，定位到第一段第一句话The World Health Organization has released a report about how disease weakens the economies of poor countr

54、ies.（世界卫生组织发布了一份关于疾病如何削弱贫穷国家经济的报告。）因此答案为C。A选项“疾病削弱了富裕国家的经济”，B选项“健康对富裕国家的经济影响不大”，D选项“良好的健康源于强劲的经济发展”。2.判断推理题。题干问：如果发展中国家花费在健康上的费用增加，那么以下除了哪个以外都会发生？A选项“800万人的生命将被拯救”，B选项“最贫穷国家的人民将有足够的钱维持生活”，C选项“50个贫穷国家将改善他们的生活条件”，D选项“最贫穷国家的经济状况将得到改善”；根据题干定位到倒数第三段He says about eight million lives could be.their people.

55、（他说，大约800万条生命可能是他们的人。）根据这一段话我们可以得出只有B选项是没有提及的，因此答案为B。3.事实细节题。题干问：2015年世界上最贫穷国家的每个人的卫生保健支出与现在相比是（ ）。C选项“是现在的三倍”，根据题干可以定位到第三段和第四段spending on health care for each person is only $13 a year（每人每年的卫生保健支出仅为13美元）以及The WHO says this amount should be increased to $38 a year for each person by 2015（到2015年，这一数字

56、应该增加到每人每年38美元。）38美元接近是13美元的三倍，因此答案为C。A选项“与现在一样”，B选项“是现在的两倍”，D选项“是现在的四倍”；4.事实细节题。题干：这篇研究将会被送到以下所有地方，除了（ ）。A选项“非政府组织成员和卫生部长”，B选项“财政部长和各国议会议员”，C选项“贸易部长和国家元首”，D选项“国际健康计划的成员”；根据题干我们可以定位到最后一段plans to send the study to many officials around the world including heads of state, ministers of finance, health a

57、nd trade, members of national parliaments and non-governmental organizations.（计划向世界各地的许多官员，包括国家元首、财政部长、卫生部长和贸易部长、各国议会成员和非政府组织发送研究报告。）其中只有members of international health programs（国际健康计划的成员们）是没有包含的，因此答案为D。5.判断推理题。题干问：以下哪项是文章所没有提及的？A选项“贫穷国家的婴儿保健已经得到改善”，B选项“富国在医疗保健方面的总支出比穷国高”，C选项“如果最富有的国家向发展中国家提供财政援助，许多

58、人的生命可以得到拯救”，D选项“这份报告将送交世界各地的许多官员”。B选项在第三段的最后两句提到了；C选项在第五段的第二句话有提及；D选项在最后一段的第一句话有说到，只有A选项是全文没有提到的，因此答案为A。9. 写作题Directions: You are given 30 minutes on this task. Write down your understanding of “It Pays to Be Honest” with no less than 150 words.【答案】略10. 单选题Contemporary office technology requires sof

59、tware or programs to carry out complicated information processing activities. References to software usually indicate a set of instructions. A broader application of the term includes any no hardware element of a computer system: programs, written documentation to accompany programs, flow charts, an

60、d user manuals, for example. The latter use of the term is rare.Software is now available from a variety of sources: hardware manufacturers and vendors, software houses (firms that develop and market software), and staff programmers (user developed software). Office supply houses, computer shops, an

61、d even bookstores market packaged software for the microcomputer market.Early computer users thought in terms of developing their own software or using software developed by computer manufactures to perform the information processing activities desired form the computer system. Users of medium to la

62、rge scale computer system. Still rely heavily on programs developed, tested, and perfected by their own programmers.Large to medium scale computer manufacturers or vendors have traditionally included software with the system package, sometimes provide alterations necessary to customize the programs

63、to user needs. These packages have represented significant portions of the purchases or lease price of systems.The microcomputer revolution in the early 1980s brought with it the concept of the commercial software publisher (software house). Companies were formed to engage in writing and marketing s

64、oftware for all types and sizes of computers, but those producing software for microcomputers were especially numerous. Major hardware manufacturers began to market software produced by these software specialists with the systems. The quality of the programs and instructional materials that accompanied them was frequently poor. Because of the ease with which us