考研考博-考博英语-西北大学模拟考试题含答案2

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1、考研考博-考博英语-西北大学模拟考试题含答案1. 单选题What exactly is a lie? Is it anything we say which we know is untrue? Or is it something more than that? For example, suppose a friend wants to borrow some money from you. You say, I wish I could help you but Im short of money myself. In fact, you are not short of money b

2、ut your friend is in the habit of not paying his debts and you dont want to hurt his feelings by reminding him of this. Is this really a lie?Professor Jereald Jellison of the University of Southern California has made a scientific study of lying. According to him, women are better liars than men, pa

3、rticularly when telling a white lie, such as when a woman at a party tells another woman that she likes her dress when she really thinks it looks awful. However, this is only one side of the story. Other researchers say that men are more likely to tell more serious lies, such as making a promise whi

4、ch they have no intention of fulfilling. This is the kind of lie politicians and businessmen are supposed to be particularly skilled at: the lie from which the liar hopes to profit or gain in some way.Research has also been done into the way of peoples behavior changes in a number of small, apparent

5、ly unimportant ways when they lie. It has been found that if they are sitting down at the time, they tend to move about in their chairs more than usual. To the trained observer they are saying “I wish I were somewhere else now”. They also tend to touch certain parts of the face more often, in partic

6、ular the nose. One explanation of this may be that lying causes a slight increase in blood pressure. The tip of the nose is very sensitive to such changes and the increased pressure makes it itch（痒）.Another gesture which gives liars away is what the writer Desmond Morris in his book ManWatching call

7、s “the mouth cover”. He says there are several typical forms of this, such as covering part of the mouth with fingers, touching the upper-lip or putting a finger of the hand at one side of the mouth. Such a gesture can be interpreted as an unconscious attempt on the part of the liar to stop himself

8、or herself from lying.Of course, such gestures as rubbing the nose or covering the mouth, or moving about in a chair cannot be taken as proof that the speaker is lying. They simply tend to occur more frequently in this situation. It is not one gesture alone that gives the liar away but a whole numbe

9、r of things, and, in particular, the context in which the lie is told.1.One sometimes tells ones friend a “white lie” because one wants to（ ）.2.One research suggests that women （ ）.3.It can be inferred from the passage that（ ）.4.People may rub their noses when they lie because（ ）.5.It can be learned

10、 from the passage that（ ）.问题1选项A.make a profit from the other personB.avoid offending the other personC.convince the other personD.have some fun问题2选项A.generally life far more than menB.tend to tell more serious lies than menC.make more promises they can fulfill than menD.are better at telling less s

11、erious lies than men问题3选项A.politicians tend to tell intentional liesB.men are less skilled at telling liesC.businessmen seldom break their promisesD.women tend to make false promises问题4选项A.they suffer from high blood pressure at the timeB.the nose is the most sensitive part of the human bodyC.the no

12、se reveals the liar more easily than the other parts of the faceD.they do so in order to stop themselves from telling more lies问题5选项A.lies can easily be detected by careful observersB.lies are usually accompanied by strange gesturesC.people are able to tell a lie when they hear others lyingD.a liar

13、may give away his or her intention unconsciously【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:A第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.推理判断题。根据下文的举例：比如一个女士在派对上对另一个女士说，她喜欢她的衣服，而实际上她觉得它看起来很糟糕。由此可推测，这样说是为了避免冒犯他人，选项B正确。2.事实细节题。根据第二段倒数第二句“Other researchers say that men are more likely to tell more serious lies.”其他研究人员表示，男性更有可能说一些更严重的谎言。选项D是对原文的反向表达，意思是一致的

14、，所以正确。3.推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“This is the kind of lie politicians and businessmen are supposed to be particularly skilled at: the lie from which the liar hopes to profit or gain in some way.”这是政客和商人应该特别擅长的谎言：说谎者希望从谎言中获利或在某些方面得到好处。由此可推测，政客们倾向于故意说谎，选项A符合原文。4.事实细节题。根据第三段的最后两句“One explanation of this may be t

15、hat lying causes a slight increase in blood pressure. The tip of the nose is very sensitive to such changes and the increased pressure makes it itch.”对此的一种解释可能是说谎会导致血压轻微升高。鼻尖对于这种变化非常敏感，血压增加会使它发痒。选项A符合原文。5.推理判断题。本题可采用排除法。选项A和C在文中没有提及；选项B符合原文；选项D无法直接从文中的信息推导出来，所以选项B更恰当。2. 单选题The study of law, with its

16、 great number of cases, statutes, and contracts, can be a tedious process.问题1选项A.a curiousB.an overwhelmingC.a challengingD.a tiresome【答案】D【解析】句意：学习法律，由于它有大量的案例、法规和合同，可能是一个乏味的过程。tedious意为“沉闷的，冗长乏味的”。tiresome烦人的，无聊的，所以选项D与之意思相近。3. 单选题The massive, black, horned buffalo, formerly found throughout sub-S

17、aharan Africa, is a gregarious animal of open or scrub-covered plains and open forests.问题1选项A.rottenB.sociableC.wealthyD.beautiful【答案】B【解析】句意：巨大的、黑色的、有角的水牛，原产于非洲撒哈拉以南，是一种群居动物，生活在开阔的或灌木覆盖的平原和开阔的森林中。gregarious意为“社交的，群居的”。rotten 腐烂的，堕落的；sociable好交际的，友善的；wealthy富有的；beautiful美丽的。选项B与之意思相近。4. 单选题I argued

18、with Morton until the wee hours of the morning, but he remained （ ）in his refusal to finance the project.问题1选项A.subduedB.generousC.obstinateD.courteous【答案】C【解析】subdued减弱的，被制服的；generous 慷慨的，大方的；obstinate 顽固的，倔强的；courteous有礼貌的，谦恭的。句意：我和Morton争论到深夜，但他仍然固执地拒绝资助这个项目。选项C符合句意。5. 单选题High pressure cells may

19、bring brief warm （ ）even in the middle of winter.问题1选项A.strugglesB.spellsC.spansD.sway【答案】C【解析】struggle 奋斗，努力；spell 符咒，魅力； span跨度，范围；sway 影响，摇摆，统治。句意：高压电池即使在隆冬也能带来短暂的温暖。选项C在这里表示时间段，符合语境。6. 单选题Imagination and （ ）of a manager will help make the business a success.问题1选项A.simplicityB.sophisticationC.inn

20、ovationD.condescension【答案】C【解析】simplicity朴素，简易，天真；sophistication复杂，老于世故； innovation创新，革新；condescension谦卑，屈尊。句意：经理的想象力和创新将有助于商业的成功。选项C符合语境。7. 单选题Psychologists think of attitudes as being predisposition toward objects or events that determine the way people react to different stimuli.问题1选项A.prior incl

21、inationsB.prescriptionsC.precautionsD.principal commitments【答案】A【解析】心理学家认为态度是对事物或事件的一种倾向，它决定了人们对不同刺激的反应方式。predisposition意为“ 倾向”。prior inclinations 倾向，爱好；prescriptions 医药处方； precautions预防措施，预警；principal commitments主要承诺。选项A与之意思相近。8. 单选题When she began the job, Lisa showed （ ）and was promoted to a manag

22、er after a year.问题1选项A.nitiativeB.ambitionC.attributeD.peculiarity【答案】B【解析】initiative 主动权，首创精神；ambition抱负，雄心；attribute属性，特质；peculiarity怪癖，特征。句意：当丽莎开始这份工作时就展现了她的抱负，一年后被提升为经理。选项B符合句意。9. 单选题His （ ）life as a revolutionary made him highly adaptable to various kinds of hard living conditions.问题1选项A.errati

23、cB.eccentricC.erroneousD.inured【答案】A【解析】erratic不稳定的； eccentric 古怪的，反常的；erroneous 错误的，不正确的；inured 习惯 的。句意：作为革命者，飘忽不定的生活使他能够适应各种艰苦的生活条件。选项A符合句意。10. 单选题The severance of church and state is a basic principle of that government.问题1选项A.coalitionB.separationC.successionD.interchangeability【答案】B【解析】severanc

24、e意为分离，隔离。coalition联合，合并；separation分离，间隔；succession 连续，继位；interchangeability 可交换性。选项B与之意思相近。11. 单选题The right combination of bricks, mortar and plaster can be mixed to build a great city, but it is the citys people who add that extra dimension which makes it vibrant, memorable, famous and much-visited

25、. London is such a city, and a major exhibition about its people makes this point by pulling-together paintings, drawings, and prints by artists over the centuries to show Londoners from all walks of life and in all manner of settings. The capitals renowned old markets, most now gone, like Covent Ga

26、rden and Billingsgate, captured the eye of painters because of the extraordinarily disparate range of characters mingling together. Processions and ceremonial events were popular subjects, although many artists were inspired by the individuals they saw: the street traders, laborers, merchants, craft

27、smen, society folk, servants, visiting foreigners, the very poor, the old, and the criminals. There is a book which accompanies the show and from which in Britain has chosen its illustrations. Londoners are published by Thames and Hudson, 30-34 Bloomsbury Street, London WC1B3QP. Telephone 01-636 548

28、8. It has 237 illustrations, 20 in color: 20 in hardback, 9.95 paperback. Available post-free direct from the publishers to addresses, overseas, or from bookshops in the UK.The exhibition continues until August 2 at the Museum of London. Open Tuesday to Saturday, 10 a.m. to 6 p.m. Admission free.1.A

29、ccording to the advertisement, the element which adds the real color to a city is（ ）.2.The artists are more likely to be inspired by （ ）.3.From the advertisement, we are told that the book which goes with the exhibition（ ）.4.Readers overseas can get a copy of the book（ ）.5.From the advertisement, we

30、 can infer that there would be free admission（ ）.问题1选项A.the city itselfB.its inhabitantsC.the buildingsD.the markets问题2选项A.popular subjectsB.processionsC.the individualsD.ceremonial events问题3选项A.is called LondonersB.is called BritainC.contains only 20 picturesD.contains less than 200 illustrations问题

31、4选项A.for 9.95B.by paying 29.95C.only by ordering from bookshops in BritainD.by joining the Literary Guild问题5选项A.on MondaysB.on August 1stC.on SundaysD.before 10 a.m.【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段第一句“it is the citys people who add that extra dimension which makes it vibrant, memorable

32、, famous and much-visited.”正是这座城市的人民为这座城市增添了额外的维度，使它充满活力、令人难忘、闻名遐迩、游客众多。所以选项B正确。2.细节事实题。根据第一段“many artists were inspired by the individuals they saw.” 许多艺术家的灵感来自于他们所看到的个人选项C正确。3.推理判断题。根据第一段的后半部分可知：在英国，有一本书中的插画被选来展览。这本书叫伦敦人，由泰晤士和哈德逊出版。选项A正确，选项B，C，D均不符合原文。4.推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“20 in hardback, 9.95 paperba

33、ck. Available post-free direct from the publishers to addresses, overseas, or from bookshops in the UK.”精装本20英镑，平装本9.95英镑。可从出版商或者是英国书店直接免费邮寄到所需地址，甚至是海外。只有选项A正确。5.推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容，在伦敦博物馆的展览将持续到8月2日。星期二至星期六，上午十点至下午六点开放。免费入场。由此可知选项B正确。12. 单选题His attempts to （ ）the two friends failed because they had com

34、plete faith in each other.问题1选项A.alienateB.abuseC.alleviateD.abandon【答案】A【解析】alienate使疏远，离间；abuse滥用，虐待；alleviate减轻，缓和；abandon 遗弃，放弃。句意：他疏远这两个朋友的企图失败了，因为他们彼此之间完全信任。选项A符合语境。13. 单选题Lets put an end to this unnecessary and （ ）destruction of our environment.问题1选项A.wantonB.illiterateC.decisiveD.competitive

35、【答案】A【解析】wanton荒唐的，无节制的；illiterate文盲的，不识字的；decisive决定性的，果断的；competitive竞争的，比赛的。句意：让我们停止对环境不必要的以及无节制的破坏。选项A符合句意。14. 单选题The present contract is done in Chinese and English, both texts being equally（ ）.问题1选项A.validB.warrantC.rationD.effect【答案】A【解析】valid正当的，合法的，有效的；warrant根据，证明，委任状；ration定量， 配给量；effect影

36、响，效果，作用。句意：本合同有中英文两个版本，它们具有同等效力。选项A符合句意。15. 单选题Life depends on the balance between the heat received from the sun and the heat lost to cooler surroundings.问题1选项A.equilibriumB.contrastC.exchangeD.relationship【答案】A【解析】equilibrium 均衡，平静；contrast 对比，差别；exchange 交换，兑换；relationship 关系，关联。balance意为平衡，选项A与之

37、意思相近。16. 单选题Scientists have developed a slimming drug that successfully suppresses appetite and results in a dramatic loss of weight without any apparent ill effects.问题1选项A.科学家们己经研制出了一种减肥药,它能有效地抑制食欲,导致体重显著下降而无任何明显的不良反应。B.科学家们己经开发出了一种减肥药,它能成功地控制食欲,使体重显著下降,同时有明显的不良反应。C.科学家们己经研制出了一种减食疗法的药, 它能有效地抑制食欲, 导

38、致体重显著 下降而无任何明显的不良反应。【答案】A【解析】首先，“slimming drug”应翻译为减肥药，没有提及减食疗法，所以首先排除选项C；根据“without any apparent ill effects.”可知，应该是没有明显的不良反应，所以选项B错误。选项A翻译最为准确。17. 单选题What is the proper balance between the culture heritage and the globalization that threatens to （ ）the world in one model?问题1选项A.classifyB.justifyC.

39、purifyD.unify【答案】D【解析】classify分类，分等；justify证明合法，替辩护；purify净化，使纯净；unify统一，使一致。句意：文化遗产和威胁世界统一成一种模式的全球化之间的适当平衡是什么？选项D符合句意。18. 单选题The town planning commission said that their financial outlook for the next year was optimistic. They expect increased tax （ ）.问题1选项A.efficiencyB.revenuesC.privilegesD.validi

40、ty【答案】B【解析】efficiency效率，效能，功效；revenue税收收入，收益；privilege特权，优待；validity有效性，正确性。句意：城市规划委员会表示，他们对明年的财政前景持乐观态度。他们期望税收收入增加。选项B符合句意。19. 单选题The cost of making the programs was shared by a consortium of six public television stations.问题1选项A.conformationB.associationC.patchworkD.combine【答案】B【解析】句意：制作这些节目的成本由六家

41、公共电视台共同承担。consortium意为“联合，合伙”。conformation 构造，一致，符合；association协会，联盟，联合；patchwork 拼缝物，混杂物；combine联合企业。选项B与之意思最为相近。20. 单选题She worked hard at her task before she felt sure that the results would （ ）her long effort.问题1选项A.justifyB.estifyC.rectifyD.verify【答案】A【解析】justify 证明是正当的/有理由的，替辩护；testify 作证，证明，证实；rectify 改正，精馏，整流；verify 核实，查证。句意：在确信结果会证明她的长期努力是值得的之前，她努力工作了。选项A 符合语境。