2022年考博英语-浙江大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷40

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1、2022年考博英语-浙江大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题As skies fill with millions of migrating birds, European scientists say the seasonal miracle appears to depend on a seeming（ ） : The fatter the bird, the more efficiently it flies.问题1选项A.interruptionB.descriptionC.qualificationD.contradiction【答案】D【解析】interrupt

2、ion中断，干扰之事；description描述，说明； qualification 资格，条件；contradiction矛盾。句意：欧洲科学家称，随着数百万候鸟在天空中飞来飞去，这一季节性奇迹似乎取决于一个看似 的事实:鸟儿越胖，飞行效率越高。根据后面的句意可知是矛盾的，所以选项D正确。2. 单选题There was no light on the way and for a second she hesitated, unable to（ ） the dim figure awaiting her.问题1选项A.set outB.make outC.pick upD.clear up【答

3、案】B【解析】set out开始，出发，陈述；make out理解，认出；pick up捡起，获得；clear up整理，打扫。句意：路上没有灯光，她犹豫了一会儿，无法辨认出那个等待着她的模糊身影。选项B符合句意。3. 单选题According to a prominent philosopher intolerance is a/an（ ）to understanding.问题1选项A.barrierB.improvementC.foundationD.approach【答案】A【解析】名词词义辨析。barrier障碍，界限；improvement改进，改善；foundation基础，创立；

4、approach方法，途径。句意：据一位著名的哲学家说，不宽容是理解的障碍。根据句意可推测选项A符合语境。4. 单选题The local people were joyfully surprised to find the prices of vegetables no longer（ ）according to the weather.问题1选项A.evaluatedB.convertedC.fluctuatedD.modified【答案】C【解析】evaluated评估，估价；converted转变，改变； fluctuated波动；modified修改。句意：当地人发现蔬菜的价格不再随天

5、气而波动，感到非常高兴和惊讶。选项C符合句意。5. 翻译题一直以来，哈佛大学要求在校本科生除了自己的主修专业课程之外，还要修习一系列课程，以确保他们受到的本科教育涵盖了宽泛的研究课题和研究方法。哈佛大学新的通识教育项目(general education program)大胆地致力于将学生在课堂上学到的知识与校园围墙外的生活，甚至毕业后的生活联系起来。通识教育课程的内容和其他的课程内容具有相连性，但教学方式并不一样。通识教育课程的目的不是将学生带入一门学科，而是将一门学科融入学生的生活。通识教育项目把艺术和科学与学生们面临的21世纪的世界以及毕业后的生活联系起来，让学生了解哈佛大学所有的研究课

6、题和研究技巧。通识教育课程由本科生主修专业课程之外的一系列课程组成，从而取代了过去30多年来一直实行的核心课程体系(core system)。目前，有很多的通识教育课是由经过较大修改的核心课程转化而来，其他诸如“生命的定义，从夸克(quark)到意识”这类课程就是全新的了。这些新课程将课堂学习和其更广泛的含义联系起来，不仅是跨学科的，还超越了课堂本身。其中有些课程还是由不同系别的教授联合授课的。在新的课程体系中，学生必须在八大课程类别中各选择一门课程。这种新的体系鼓励教授们以校外教学、动手实验、客座演讲和其他新颖模式进行大胆创新，当然也同样鼓励学生去大胆创新。【答案】Traditionally

7、, the undergraduates of Harvard University are required to study their major subjects as well as a series of other courses in order to ensure their undergraduate education covers extensive research themes and methods. The general education program at Harvard University bravely aims at combining the

8、knowledge the students learn in classes with the life outside campus or even the life after graduation. The content of the general education program is of connection with other subjects, but the teaching method is different. The target of general education program is not to immerse a student into ce

9、rtain subject, but to introduce that subject into the life of that student. The general education program links art and science together with the 21th century facing the student and the life after the graduation, making students familiar with all the research themes and methods.The general education

10、 program consists of a wide range of courses besides the major subjects for the undergraduates, and supercedes the core system that has been practiced for the past three decades. At present, many courses under the general education program derive from major core courses, and some other subjects such

11、 as The Definition of Life, From Quark to Consciousness are completely new. These courses combine the class learning with wide implication, which are not only inter-discipline, but also beyond class learning itself, and some of which are taught by different professors from different disciplines.Unde

12、r the new curriculum system, students will have to choose one course from each of the eight course categories. The new system encourages professors to be bold with out-of-school teaching, hands-on experiments, guest speakers and other innovative models, as well as students.6. 单选题Rejecting the urging

13、 of his physician father to study medicine, Hawking chose to（ ） on math and theoretical physics.问题1选项A.imposeB.centerC.overtookD.concentrate【答案】D【解析】impose on利用，欺骗；center on集中，以为中心；overtook赶上，代替，不与on搭配；concentrate on专注于。句意：霍金拒绝了他的医生父亲学习医学的要求，选择专注于数学和理论物理。选项D符合句意。7. 单选题The company is on the verge of

14、bankruptcy, and thousands of jobs are at（ ）.问题1选项A.dangerB.lossC.threatD.stake【答案】D【解析】固定搭配。at loss困惑不解；at stake凶吉难卜；选项A和C通常不和at搭配。句意：这家公司濒临破产，成千上万的工作岗位岌岌可危。选项D符合句意。8. 单选题Not all persons arrested and （ ） with a crime are guilty, and the main function of criminal courts is to determine who is guilty

15、under the law.问题1选项A.sentencedB.accusedC.persecutedD.charged【答案】D【解析】固定搭配。be charged with意为被控告。句意：并非所有被逮捕和被指控犯罪的人都是有罪的，刑事法院的主要职能是根据法律确定谁有罪。sentenced 宣判，判决；accused被告；persecuted迫害。所以本题选D。9. 单选题This（ ）was conducted to find out how many people prefer rice.问题1选项A.examinationB.surveyC.inspectionD.test【答案】

16、B【解析】近义词辨析。examination考试；survey调查；inspection检查；test试验。句意：这项调查是为了看看有多少人更喜欢米饭。选项B符合语境。10. 单选题The energy crisis, which is being felt around the world , has dramatized how the careless use of the earths resources has brought the whole world to the brink of disaster. The overdevelopment of motor transpor

17、t, with its（1）of more cars, more highways , more pollution, more suburbs, more commuting, has（2）to the near-destruction of our cities, and the pollution not only of（3）air , but also of the earth satmosphere. The disaster has arrived in the（4）of the energy crisis.Our present（5）is unlike war, revoluti

18、on or depression. It is also unlike the great natural disasters of the past. Worldwide resources（6） and energy use have brought us to a state（7）long-range planning is essential. What we need is not a continuation of our present serious state, which（8） the future of our country, our children, and our

19、 earth,（9）a movement forward to a new norm in order to work rapidly and effectively on planetary problems.This country has been falling back under the continuing exposures of loss of（10） . There is a strong demand for moral revival and（11）some devotion that is vast enough and yet（12）enough to enlist

20、 the devolution of all. In the past it has been only in a war in（13）of their own country（14）any people have been able to（15）themselves wholeheartedly.This is the first time we have been asked to defend ourselves and what we hold dear in（16）with all the other inhabitants of this planet, who（17）with u

21、s the same endangered air and the same endangered oceans. There is a（18）need to reassess our present course, and to（19）new methods through which the world can survive. This is priceless（20）.问题1选项A.manufactureB.increaseC.presenceD.expansion问题2选项A.attributedB.contributedC.amountedD.brought问题3选项A.urban

22、B.ruralC.localD.downtown问题4选项A.formB.caseC.eventD.course问题5选项A.surroundingB.environmentC.circumstanceD.situation问题6选项A.exploitationB.explorationC.explosionD.exposition问题7选项A.thatB.whyC.whenD.where问题8选项A.influencesB.endangersC.restrainsD.transforms问题9选项A.butB.yetC.orD.and问题10选项A.responsibilityB.consc

23、ienceC.moralityD.dedication问题11选项A.ofB.byC.withD.for问题12选项A.personalB.collectiveC.compulsoryD.unanimous问题13选项A.protectionB.defenseC.rescueD.maintenance问题14选项A.whenB.whyC.thatD.what问题15选项A.engageB.donateC.sacrificeD.devote问题16选项A.comparisonB.accordanceC.cooperationD.connection问题17选项A.regulateB.exhaus

24、tC.dominateD.share问题18选项A.mutualB.commonC.universalD.general问题19选项A.deviseB.alterC.initiateD.modify问题20选项A.challengeB.opportunityC.attemptD.notion【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:C第4题:A第5题:D第6题:A第7题:D第8题:B第9题:A第10题:C第11题:D第12题:A第13题:B第14题:C第15题:D第16题:C第17题:D第18题:B第19题:A第20题:B【解析】（1）根据原文：汽车运输的过度发展，伴随着更多的汽车，更多的高速公路，

25、更多的污染，更多的郊区，更多的通勤，已经导致了我们城市几乎毁灭。选项B符合句意。（2）contributed to导致；attributed to归因于；amounted总计。句意：所有的这些因素导致了城市的近乎毁灭。选项B符合句意。（3）根据原文：不仅污染了当地的空气，而且污染了地球的大气层。选项C包括了其他三个选项，所以更符合原文。（4）in the form of以的形式。这里指这场灾难以能源危机的形式出现。（5）surrounding环境，周围的食物；environment多指自然环境；circumstance境遇；situation情形，情况。句意：我们现在的情况不同于战争、革命或萧

26、条。选项D更符合原文。（6）exploitation开发，开采；exploration探测；explosion爆炸，爆发；exposition展览会。根据原文，这里应该指对资源的开采，选项A正确。（7）先行词是state，where在这里引导主语从句，修饰state。（8）influences影响；endangers 危及；restrains限制；transforms变换，变形。根据原文，这里指由于资源和能源的过度使用，这种状态已经危及到了国家、儿童以及地球的未来，所以选项B正确。（9）根据原文：我们需要的不是继续我们目前严重的状态，而是朝着一种新的规范前进，以便迅速和有效地解决问题。根据上下

27、文可知，这里为转折的关系。选项A符合句意。（10）responsibility责任，义务；conscience良心，道德心；morality道德，美德；dedication奉献。根据原文，这个国家在道德丧失的持续暴露下一直在倒退。选项C符合原文。（11）根据句意可知，and连接并列句，前面是demand for，后面也应该填介词for。（12）personal个人的，亲自的；collective集体的，共同的；compulsory必修的，强制的；unanimous全体一致的。（13）in defense of country保卫国家，为固定搭配。（14）这里为强调句，所以用that引导，不充当

28、任何成分。（15）根据原文：在过去，只有在保卫自己的国家的战争中，任何人都能全心全意地献身于自己的国家。选项D符合原文。（16）comparison比较；accordance一致，和谐；connection连接，关系；in cooperation with与合作。句意：这是我们第一次被要求与地球上所有其他居民合作，保卫我们自己和我们珍视的东西。选项C符合句意。（17）share with sb. 与共享，共同拥有。句意：这些居民与我们共享着同样濒危的空气和同样濒危的海洋。只有选项D能与介词with搭配。（18）mutual彼此的，相互的；universal普遍的；general一般的。这里指共

29、同的需要。（19）devise设计，想出；alter改变；initiate发起，创始；modify修改。想出新的方法。选项A符合原文。（20）challenge 挑战；opportunity 机会，时机；attempt 企图，尝试；notion概念。这是一个无价的机会。选项B符合原文。11. 单选题Before the ( ) of hospitals, the family or communal sauna (桑拿)was favored by Finished women for giving birth. Today, saunas are found in health clubs

30、and gymnasiums around the world.问题1选项A.adventB.adventureC.advertD.advance【答案】A【解析】句意：在医院出现之前，产房妇女青睐于家庭或公共桑拿。今天，桑拿在世界各地的健身俱乐部和健身房随处可见。advent到来，出现；adventure冒险； advert谈到；advance发展，前进。选项A符合句意。12. 单选题The manager gave one of the salesgirls an accusing look for her （ ）attitude toward customers.问题1选项A.strai

31、ghtforwardB.partialC.favorableD.hostile【答案】D【解析】形容词词义辨析。straightforward坦率的，明确的；partial偏爱的；favorable喜爱的；hostile敌对的，不友善的。句意：因为女销售员对顾客的态度不友善，经理投去了责备的目光。选项D符合句意。13. 单选题He said that very clearly so that nobody was in any（ ）about what was meant.问题1选项A.wonderB.doubtC.questionD.consideration【答案】B【解析】形容词词组辨析

32、。in question讨论中的，考虑中的；in doubt感到怀疑，不能肯定的；wonder想知道，in consideration考虑到，鉴于。句意：他说得很清楚，所以没有人对他的意思感到怀疑。选项B符合句意。14. 单选题The United States has historically had higher rates of marriage than those of other industrialized countries. The current annual marriage （1 ） in the United States about 9 new marriages

33、for every 1, 000 people is （2 ） higher than it is in other industrialized countries. However, marriage is （3 ） as widespread as it was several decades ago. （4 ） of American adults who are married（5 ） from 72 percent in 1970 to 60 percent in 2002. This does not mean that large numbers of people will

34、remain unmarried（6 ） their lives. Throughout the 20th century, about 90 percent of Americans married at some（7 ） in their lives. Experts （8） that about the same proportion of todays young adults will eventually marry.The timing of marriage has varied （9 ） over the past century. In 1995 the average a

35、ge of women in the United States at the time of their first marriage was 25. The average age of men was about 27. Men and women in the United States marry for the first time an average of five years later than people did in the 1950s. （10） , young adults of the 1950s married younger than did any pre

36、vious （11） inU. S. history. Todays later age of marriage is（12） the age of marriage between 1890 and 1940. Moreover, a greater proportion of the population was married (95 percent) during the 1950s than at any time before （13）. Experts do not agree on why the marriage rush of the late 1940s and 1950

37、s occurred, but most social scientists believe it represented a （14） to the return of peace and prosperity after 15 years of severe economic （15） and war.问题1选项A.rateB.ratioC.percentageD.poll问题2选项A.potentiallyB.intentionallyC.randomlyD.substantially问题3选项A.not any longerB.no moreC.no longerD.not any m

38、ore问题4选项A.A proportionB.The proportionC.The numberD.A number问题5选项A.declinedB.deterioratedC.deducedD.demolished问题6选项A.pastB.passingC.throughoutD.through问题7选项A.periodB.levelC.pointD.respect问题8选项A.projectB.planC.promiseD.propose问题9选项A.unexpectedlyB.irregularlyC.flexiblyD.consistently问题10选项A.BesidesB.Ho

39、weverC.WhereasD.Nevertheless问题11选项A.descendantsB.ascendantsC.populationD.generation问题12选项A.according toB.in line withC.based onD.caused by问题13选项A.and afterB.or afterC.or sinceD.ever since问题14选项A.refusalB.realizationC.responseD.reality问题15选项A.repressionB.aggressionC.restrictionD.depression【答案】第1题:A第2

40、题:D第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A第6题:C第7题:A第8题:A第9题:D第10题:B第11题:D第12题:B第13题:B第14题:C第15题:D【解析】（1）名词词义辨析。根据破折号后面的内容可以推测，这里应为结婚率，选项A正确。ratio 比例；percentage百分数；poll 选举之投票，均不符合原文。（2）副词词义辨析。potentially 潜在地；intentionally故意地；randomly 随便地；substantially实质上，大体上。根据句意：美国目前的年结婚率大体上远高于其他工业化国家。选项D符合句意。（3）副词短语辨析。选项A和B一般放于修饰词后；选项C一般

41、放于修饰词之前；选项D意为再也不。根据句意：然而，婚姻不再像几十年前那样普遍。选项C符合原文。（4）考查冠词用法。根据下文百分比可排除选项C和D，而百分比是已知的，所以用定冠词the，选项B正确。（5）动词词义辨析和上下文语义。declined下降，衰退；deteriorated恶化的，变质的；deduced推理；demolished拆毁，破坏。根据下文“from 72 percent in 1970 to 60 percent.说明是呈下降趋势的，所以选项A符合原文。（6）介词词义辨析。throughout their lives为固定搭配，意为整个一生。（7）名词词义辨析。根据原文，这里指

42、生活中的某一阶段，用period符合原文。（8）上下文语义。根据原文：专家预测，现在的年轻人中最终结婚的比例也大致相同。project除了计划、工程的意思外，还有预测的意思。所以本题选A。（9）副词词义辨析和上下文语义。unexpectedly出乎意料地；irregularly 不规则地；flexibly柔软地；consistently持续地，不断地。句意：在过去的一个世纪里，结婚的时间一直在变化。选项D符合原文。（10）逻辑关系。根据前后句义可知，此处表转折。However和 Whereas都有然而的意思，但Whereas后面通常接整个句子，和句子间不用逗号隔开。Besides和Nevert

43、heless 不符合原文。所以本题选B。（11）名词搭配。descendants 子孙，后裔；ascendants优势，运道；population人口；previous generation意为上一代人，所以选项D符合原文。（12）介词词组辨析。according to按照；in line with与一致；based on基于；caused by由造成。句意：现在的晚婚年龄与1890年至1940年的结婚年龄是一致的。选项B符合原文。（13）固定搭配。at any time before or after为固定搭配，意为：在前后的任何时间。（14）词义辨析。refusal to拒绝，推却；rea

44、lization为名词，意为实现；response to对做出回应；reality为名词，意为现实。句意：大多数社会科学家认为，这是对和平回归的一种回应。选项C符合原文。（15）固定搭配。economic depression 为固定搭配，意为：经济萧条，符合上下文。所以本题选D。15. 单选题Pigeon is the common name for members of a family of birds; smaller species are commonly known as doves, but sizes of pigeons and doves ( ). The birds,

45、almost worldwide in distribution , are most abundant in warm regions.问题1选项A.surpassB.transcendC.overlapD.join【答案】C【解析】句意：鸽子是鸟类的统称;较小的种类通常被称为鸽子，但是两种鸽子的大小是差不多的。这种鸟类分布在世界各地，但大多都在温暖地区。surpass超越，胜过；transcend超越，胜过；overlap重叠；join加入。选项C符合句意。16. 单选题Any country has good reason to want its citizens to be as he

46、althy as possible, since one of its greatest resources is an active population. No country wants its people to suffer unnecessarily from ill health.This was the kind of thinking which led to the introduction of a health service in many countries. In Britain this has developed into a “Welfare State”

47、in which all citizens, rich and poor alike can get most health treatment free. The money for this is partially raised by contributions from employers andemployees.As three decades have shown, such automatic arrangements are not always ideal and there are arguments for and against the Health Service.

48、 The number of patients treated every year and the cost of treatment are much greater than was estimated. This means that the people who work for the HealthService-doctors, nurses and other hospital staff have much more routine work to do and as a result they have little time for preventive medicine

49、. The Health Service does need more staff a need that can only be met if more money is made available to it.However, a powerful argument for the Health Service is that many people are able to receive expensive treatment which they could never afford themselves. Sometimes this free treatment is abuse

50、d and people visit their doctors when they dont really need to. Because they have so many patients,doctors cannot spend as long with each one as they would like, and some people prefer to pay for private treatment so that their doctors can give them more time. In fact, some wealthy people feel that

51、they should pay, and so free more money for treatment to others.1.In the authors view, Britain is a Welfare State in that（ ）.2.We can infer from the passage that（ ）.3.The best title for the passage would be（ ）.4.The author mentions that some wealthy people prefer to pay for private treatment because

52、 （ ）.5.The word “abused” (Para. 4) means（ ）.问题1选项A.all citizens are entitled to a free medical treatment in some senseB.poor, unlike the rich, could enjoy free medical treatmentC.health service is highly developed in BritainD.Britain doesnt allow its people to suffer unnecessarily from ill health问题2

53、选项A.the Health Service is introduced to many other countries by BritainB.the Health Service has been introduced and developed for 30 years in BritainC.an active population is the greatest resource in BritainD.all citizens in Britain have a good opinion of the Health Service问题3选项A.A Welfare StateB.Im

54、portance of the Health ServiceC.Disadvantages of the Health ServiceD.The Health Service问题4选项A.their doctors can give them more time leave from workB.those doctors have better medical instrumentsC.they might save some money for the poorD.their doctors have a stronger sense of responsibility for the p

55、atients问题5选项A.destroyedB.used in wrong wayC.ignoredD.wasted【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:D第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.事实细节题。根据关键词“Welfare State”定位到第二段第二句“In Britain this has developed into a Welfare State in which all citizens, rich and poor alike can get most health treatment free.”所有公民，无论贫富，都可以免费获得大部分医疗服务。选项A符合原文。2.细节推断题

56、。选项A和选项C在文中没有提及；根据第三段的第一句“As three decades have shown, such automatic arrangements are not always ideal and there are arguments for and against the Health Service. ”three decades意为30年；公众支持和反对卫生服务都有，并不都是好的评价；所以选项B符合原文，而选项D错误。3.主旨思想题。结合全文内容可知，本文主要是讲医疗服务的发展，其有利条件和不利条件，所以选项D更能概括全文，其他选项只是文中的片段。4.细节推理题。根据

57、关键词“wealthy people”定位到最后一段的最后一句“In fact, some wealthy people feel that they should pay, and so free more money for treatment to others.”事实上，一些富人觉得他们应该付钱，这样就可以把多余的钱让给其他人治疗。选项C符合原文。5.词汇推断题。根据第四段的第二句“Sometimes this free treatment is abused and people visit their doctors when they dont really need to.”有

58、时这种免费治疗被滥用，有些人在不需要的时候也去看医生。由此可知他们是用了错误的方法，选项B符合原文。17. 单选题You must pack plenty of food for the journey. （ ）, you will need warm clothes, so pack them too.问题1选项A.EquallyB.IncidentallyC.InevitablyD.Likewise【答案】D【解析】语法知识。Equally相等地，Incidentally偶然地，Inevitably不可避免地，Likewise同样地。句意：你必须带上足够的食物去旅行，你还需要暖和的衣服，所

59、以也要一起打包。句子为并列关系，所以选项D符合语境。18. 单选题The two friends sat in a corner and（ ）away to each other about the weather.问题1选项A.talkedB.chattedC.mutteredD.whispered【答案】B【解析】固定搭配。mutter咕哝，喃喃自语；whisper低声说；chat away意为闲谈，其他选项均不能和away搭配使用。19. 单选题They did considerable work to（ ） the masses of the United States with the elementary problems of Latin America.问题1选项A.instructB.acquaintC.impartD.dictate【答案】B【解析】固定搭配。acquaint sb. with sth.使某人认识某事。句意：他们做了大量工作，使美国人民了解拉丁美洲的基本问题。选项B符合句意。20. 单选题He was unable to endure the torture of the enemy and surrendered. He（ ） his comrades.问题1选项A.revealedB.suspended