2022年考博英语-华南师范大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷39

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1、2022年考博英语-华南师范大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题The 215-page manuscript, circulated to publishers last October,（ ）an outburst of interest.问题1选项A.flaredB.glitteredC.sparkedD.flashed【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项 flare“闪光，闪耀”；B选项 glitter “闪闪发光，闪烁”；C选项 spark “发动，激起”；D选项 flash “闪光，闪现”。句意：去年十月传到出版商那儿的215页的手稿激发起他们浓厚的兴趣。根据

2、句意，C选项正确。2. 单选题I（ ）him at once as an American when he stepped onto the stage with three other actors.问题1选项A.regardedB.deemedC.spottedD.discerned【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析A: regard “把认作”；B: deem “看做，认为”；C: spot “认出”；D: discern “识别，看出”。句意：当他和其他三个演员一起登上舞台时，我立即就认出他是美国人了。根据句意，C为正确答案。3. 单选题The worlds last known ca

3、se of smallpox was reported in Somalia, the Horn of Africa, in October 1977. The victim was a young cook called Ali Maow Maalin. His case becomes a landmark in medical history, for smallpox is the first communicable disease ever to be eradicated.The remarkable campaign to free the world of smallpox

4、has been led by the World Health Organization. The Hom of Africa, embracing the Ogaden region of Ethiopia and Somalia, was one of the last few smallpox ridden areas of the world when the WHO-sponsored Smallpox Eradication Programme (SEP) got underway there in 1971.Many of the 25 million inhabitants,

5、 mostly farmers and nomads living in a wildness of desert, bush and mountains, already had smallpox. The problem of tracing the disease in such formidable country was exacerbated further by the continuous warfare in the area.The programme concentrated on an imaginative policy of search and containme

6、nt. Vaccination was used to reduce the widespread incidence of the disease, but the success of the campaign depended on the work of volunteers. These were men paid by the day, who walked hundreds of miles in search of rumors-information about possible smallpox cases.Often these rumors turned out to

7、be cases of measles, chicken pox or syphilis-but nothing could be left to chance. As the campaign progressed the disease was gradually brought under control. By September 1976 the SEP made its first report that no new cases had been reported. But that first optimism was short-lived. A three-year-old

8、 girl called Amina Salat, from a dusty village in the Ogaden in the south-east of Ethiopia, had given smallpox to a young nomad visitor. Leaving the village the nomad had walked across the border into Somalia. There be infected 3,000 people, and among them had been the cook, Ali. It was a further 14

9、 months before the elusive target zerono further caseswas reached.Even now, the search continues in high risk areas and in parts of the country unchecked for some time. The flow of rumors has now diminished to a tricklebut each must still be checked by a qualified person.Victory is in sight, but two

10、 years must pass since the last case before an International Commission can declare that the world is entirely free from smallpox.1.Ali Maow Maalins case is significant because he was the（ ）.2.The work to stamp out smallpox was made more difficult by（ ）.3.The volunteers mentioned were paid to（ ）.4.N

11、owadays, smallpox investigations are only carried out（ ）.问题1选项A.last person to be cured of smallpox in Somalia.B.last known sufferer of smallpox in the worldC.first smallpox victim in the Hom of AfricaD.first Somalian to be vaccinated for smallpox问题2选项A.peoples unwillingness to report casesB.the lac

12、k of vaccineC.the backwardness of the regionD.the incessant local wars问题3选项A.find out about the reported cases of smallpox.B.vaccinate people in remote areasC.teach people how to treat smallpox.D.prevent infected people from moving around问题4选项A.at regular two-yearly intervalsB.when news of an outbre

13、ak occurs.C.in those areas with previous history of the diseaseD.by a trained professional【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:A第4题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干关键词 “Ali Maow Maalin” 定位到原文首段 “The worlds last known case of smallpox was reported in Somalia, the Horn of Africa, in October 1977. The victim was a young cook called Ali

14、 Maow Maalin. His case becomes a landmark in medical history, for smallpox is the first communicable disease ever to be eradicated.”，中文翻译：世界上最后一例已知的天花病例发生在索马里，非洲之角，于 1977 年 10 月。受害者是名叫阿里马林的年轻厨师。他的病例成为医学史上的一个里程碑，因为天花是有史以来第一种被根除的传染病。可以推断出答案选择B“世界上最后一位已知的天花患者”。2.推理判断题。根据题干定位到第四段“Vaccination was used to

15、 reduce the widespread incidence of the disease, but the success of the campaign depended on the work of volunteers. These were men paid by the day, who walked hundreds of miles in search of rumorsinformation about possible smallpox cases.”，中文翻译为：疫苗用于减少疾病发生率的蔓延，但是，这场“战争”的成功取决于志愿者的工作。这些人是按日计酬的，然后他们为寻

16、找“谣言”一一有关可能是天花病历的信息而步行数百里。可知，A项“人们不愿意报告病历”符合题目描述。3.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到原文第四段 “These were men paid by the day, who walked hundreds of miles in search of rumorsinformation about possible smallpox cases.”，中文翻译为：这些人是按日计酬的，然后他们为寻找“谣言”一一有关可能是天花病历的信息而步行数百里。可知。A选项“调查发生的天花病例”正确。4.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到原文倒数第二段 “Even now, t

17、he search continues in high risk areas and in parts of the country unchecked for some time.”，中文翻译为：即使是现在，搜索工作仍在“高风险”地区和该国中一段时间没有接受检查的地区继续进行。C选项“在那些有这种疾病史的地区”符合题意。4. 单选题Since the country has been suffering from（ ）financial crisis in the last two decades, the domestic market always fluctuates.问题1选项A.i

18、ntermittentB.irregularC.randomD.queer【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A: intermittent“间歇的；断断续续的” ；B: irregular “不规则的”；C: random “随机的”；D: queer“奇怪的，反常的”。句意：由于该国在过去二十年中一直遭受间歇性的金融危机，国内市场总是波动。结合此处语境，A为正确答案。5. 单选题When the hostess received my compliment on her new car, she responded with great pleasure about how the ca

19、r is a（ ）buy.问题1选项A.modestB.choiceC.superiorD.eloquent【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A: modest “谦虚的”；B: choice “精选的”；C: superior “优秀的，出众的”；D: eloquent “意味深长的”。句意：当女主人听到我对她新车的赞美，她高兴地对我讲起来这辆车是如何精心挑选的。结合此处句意，故B为正确答案。6. 单选题Murovyovka Nature Park, a private nature reserve, is the result of the vision and determinati

20、on of one man, Sergei Smirenski. The Moscow University Professor has gained the support of international funds as well as local officials, businessmen and Collective farms.Thanks to his efforts, the agricultural project is also under way to create an experimental farm to teach local farmers how to f

21、arm without the traditionally heavy use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers. Two Wisconsin farmers, Don and Ellen Padley, spent last summer preparing land in Tanbovka district, where the park is located，and they will return this summer to plant it.Specialists from the University of Utah also came

22、 to study the local cattle industry, looking to develop possibilities for beef exports to Japan.Separately, 10 New Jersey school teachers will spend the summer in the district running summer camps for the local children that will stress field trips and lectures on the nature around them.These progra

23、ms, particularly the agricultural project, are getting some support from the United States, including funding from the MacArthur Foundation, the Rockefeller Brothers Fund, and the US Agency for International Development. The Trust for Mutual Understanding and the Weedier Foundation are also supporti

24、ng the International Crane Foundations work in creating the park.The World Bank is funding a small project to study the possibilities for ecotourism in theAinu basin region. Delta Dream Vacations, a Delta Airlines subsidiary, is looking into flights to Khabarovsk and Vladivostok for ecology tours, w

25、ith some of the money going to support the zapovedniks (totally wild preserves used only for scientific research) in the region.But this money has also generated a jealous attempt by the local wildlife service to block the Murovyovka project.They said, Give us their money, and well do it better, Smi

26、renski says. They went to the local court to get a court order to halt the contract. Although they were successful at that level, the Atom regional government, with encouragement from Moscow, has already moved to reverse the decision as illegal.I dont pay attention to this negative side. Smirenski s

27、ays characteristic optimistic fashion. I decided we should continue to create.Beyond Murovyovka, there are even vaster grasslands and wetlands in the Amur basin that are vital nesting areas for rare birds such as the eastern white stork, and the red-crowned, white-napped; and hooded cranes. A comple

28、x of 100,000 hectares, for example, lies largely unprotected in Zhuravalini literally a place for cranes downstream from MurovyovkA.Creation of a national park, along for tourist use, has been proposed for this area.A key part of the conservation strategy is to gain the support of regional governmen

29、ts by getting them to see that such internationally backed nature projects can lead to business and other ties, particularly to countries like Japan and ChinA.For example, the cranes that nest in Russia have been tracked by satellite to wintering grounds in Izumi, on Japans southern Kyushu IslanD.Th

30、is linkage has proved useful bringing regional officials from both countries together.Last summer, 100 Japanese school children from the Tama region outside of Tokyo came to Khabarovsk on the Amen to experience the kind of untouched nature that has disappeared from Japan. As part of the exchange, th

31、e Mayor of Tama donated 26 secondhand fire trucks to his counterpart.After this the mayor of Khabarovsk said, Now I will listen to you, about your birds and all your problems. Recounts Smirenski. Now the officials understand what cranes mean to them.1.A probable goal of the agricultural project is t

32、o（ ）.2.Summer camps in the area will（ ）.3.Projects connected with the development of the nature park are（ ）.4.The zapovedniks appear（ ）.5.The passage implies that projects like Murovyovka（ ）.问题1选项A.reduce pollution in reserve farmlandsB.induce United Nations cooperationC.learn how local farms are op

33、eratedD.import new breeds of farm animals问题2选项A.be designed for foreign visitorsB.be educationalC.attract scientists and ecologistsD.house field laborers and their families Normal 0 7.8 磅 0 2 false false false EN-US ZH-CN X-NONE问题3选项A.self sustainingB.narrow in scope and visionC.attracting world-wid

34、eattentionD.amassing scientific data问题4选项A.eager to support the Nature ParkB.opposed to outside fundingC.envious of the Parks successD.to have legal jurisdiction of the area问题5选项A.face insurmountable financial problemsB.take too much from local residentsC.increase the need for fire enginesD.can prom

35、ote international cooperation【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:C第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。通过题干关键词agricultural project定位到原文第二段“Thanks to his efforts, the agricultural project is also under way to create an experimental farm to teach local farmers how to farm without the traditionally heavy use of pesticides and chemical

36、 fertilizers.”，中文翻译：由于他的努力，农业项目也在进行中，是为了建立一个试验性农场，教当地农民在不使用大量杀虫剂和化肥这一传统方法的情况下如何耕作。综合考虑，选项A符合题意。2.细节事实题。根据题干关键词summer camps定位到原文 “Separately, 10 New Jersey school teachers will spend the summer in the district running summer camps for the local children that will stress field trips and lectures on th

37、e nature around them.”，中文翻译：另外，10名新泽西学校的教师将在该地区为当地儿童举办夏令营，这些夏令营将强调实地考察和关于周围大自然的讲座。因此最佳答案为B选项。3.细节事实题。根据题干关键词定位到原文 “These programs, particularly the agricultural project, are getting some support from.”，中文翻译：“这些项目，特别是农业项目，正得到多方支持，如”可以推断出答案选择C。4.细节事实题。根据题干关键词zapovedniks定位到原文 “with some of the money go

38、ing to support the zapovedniks (totally wild preserves used only for scientific research) in the region.”中文翻译为：部分资金将用于支持该地区的zapovedniks(仅用于科学研究的野生保护区)。以及文章中“But this money has also generated a jealous attempt by the local wildlife service to block the Murovyovka project.”，中文翻译为：这笔钱也引起了当地野生动物机构的嫉妒，以阻

39、止穆罗维约夫项目。可知，C项符合题目描述。5.推理判断题。根据题干可定位到原文“A key part of the conservation strategy is to gain the support of regional governments by getting them to see that such internationally backed nature projects can lead to business and other ties, particularly to countries like Japan and China.”，中文翻译为：保护战略的一个关键

40、点是通过让地方政府认识到这种国际支持的自然项目能够建立商业和其他联系，特别是与日本和中国这样的国家建立联系，从而获得 区域政府的支持。可知。D选项正确。7. 单选题The fact that the golden eagle usually builds its nest on some high cliffs（ ）it almost impossible to obtain the eggs or the young birds.问题1选项A.rendersB.reckonsC.regardsD.relates【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项 render “致使”；B选项 rec

41、kon “计算；认为，把看作”；C选项 regard “看待，认为”；D选项 relate “有联系，连接”。句意：金雕通常将巢筑在高高的悬崖上，这一事实使得获取鸟蛋或小鸟几乎不可能。结合句意，可知A选项正确。8. 单选题A statement from the government needs to be made to（ ）the misunderstanding resulting from the rumors.问题1选项A.clarifyB.illuminateC.refineD.decompose【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A: clarify “使澄清；清楚” ；B: i

42、lluminate “照明；阐明”；C: refine “提炼；改善；使高雅”；D: decompose “（使）（死去的动植物）腐烂”。句意：政府的声明需要澄清因谣言产生的误解。根据“misunderstanding 误解”可知A能构成动宾搭配，故A为正确答案。9. 单选题The theory put forward by a famous scholar at an international conference contradicts the（ ） principles of the sphere of architecture.问题1选项A.particularB.preciseC.

43、appropriateD.proper【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A: particular “专指的，特指的” ；B: precise “清晰的；精确的；精细的”；C: appropriate “适当的”；D: proper “境界；限度；范围”。句意：位著名学者在一次国际会议上提出的理论与建筑领域的特定原则相矛盾。被修饰的名词为“principles原理”，因此可知A为正确答案。10. 单选题He would go to endless（ ）to help anyone he thought worthy of encouragement.问题1选项A.difficultyB.o

44、bstacleC.troubleD.nuisance【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A: difficulty “困难” ；B: obstacle “障碍”；C: trouble “麻烦”；D: nuisance “讨厌的东西（人，行为）麻烦事”。句意：他帮助任何他认为值得鼓励的人会带来无尽的麻烦。结合此处语境，C为正确答案。11. 单选题Under the present system, state enterprises must（ ）all profits to the government.问题1选项A.turn downB.turn toC.turn outD.turn in【答

45、案】D【解析】考查词组。A: turn down “减少；关小” ；B: turn to“求助于”；C: turn out “结果是；关掉”；D: turn in “上交；归还”。句意：在现行制度下，国有企业必须向政府上交全部利润。根据语境可知D为正确答案。12. 单选题The sheer diversity of tropical plants represents a seemingly（ ）source of raw materials, of which only a few have been utilize.问题1选项A.exploitedB.quantifiableC.contr

46、oversialD.inexhaustible【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A: exploited “开采；利用”；B: quantifiable “可以计量的”；C: controversial “有争议的”；D: inexhaustible “无穷无尽的”。 句意：热带植物绝对的多样性似乎表明有无穷无尽的原材料资源，而这些原材料只有小部分被使用。根据语境和句意可知D最合适。13. 单选题Present-day philosophers usually envision their discipline as an endeavor that has been since anti

47、quity, distinct from and superior to any particular intellectual discipline, such as theology or science. Such philosophical concerns as the mind-body problem or, more generally, the nature of human knowledge, they believe, are basic human questions whose tentative philosophical solutions have serve

48、d as the necessary foundations on which all other intellectual speculation has rested.The basis for this view, however, lies in a serious misinterpretation of the past, a projection of modern concerns onto past events. The idea of autonomous discipline called philosophy, distinct from and sitting in

49、 judgment on such pursuits as theology and science, turns out, on close examination, to be of quite recent origin. When, in the seventeenth, century, Descartes and Hohbes rejected medieval philosophy, they did not think of themselves, as modern philosophers do, as proposing a new and better philosop

50、hy, but rather as furthering the warfare between science and theology. They were fighting, albeit discreetly, to open the intellectual world to the new science and to liberate intellectual life from ecclesiastical-philosophy, and envisioned their work as contributing to the growth, not of philosophy

51、, but of research in mathematics and physics.This link between philosophical interests and scientific practice persisted until the nineteenth century, when decline in ecclesiastical power over scholarship and changes in the nature of science, provoked the final separation of philosophy from both.The

52、 demarcation of philosophy from science was facilitated by the development in the early nineteenth century of a new notion, that philosophys core interest should be epistemology, the general explanation of what it means to know something: Modern philosophers now trace that notion back at less to Des

53、cartes and Spinoza, but it was not explicitly articulated until the late eighteenth century, by Kant, and did not become built intothe structure of academic institutions and the standard self-descriptions of philosophy professors until the late nineteenth century. Without the idea of epistemology, t

54、he survival of philosophy in an age of modern science is hards to imagine. Metaphysics philosophys traditional core-considered as the most general description of how the heavens and the earth are put together-had been rendered almost completely meaningless by the spectacular progress of physics. Kan

55、t, however, by focusing philosophy on the problem of knowledge, managed to replace metaphysics with epistemology, and thus to transform the notion of philosophy as queen of sciences into the new notion of philosophy as a separate, foundational discipline: Philosophy became primary no longer in the s

56、ense of highest but in the sense of underlying. After Kant, philosophers were able to reinterpret seventeenth - and eighteenth-century thinkers as attempting to discover How is our knowledge possible and to project this question back even on the ancients.1.According to the author, philosophy became

57、distinct from science and theology during the（ ）.2.The author suggests that Descartes support for the new science of the seventeenth century can be characterized as（ ）.3.The author of the passage implies which of the following in discussing the development of philosophy during the nineteenth century

58、?4.With which of the following statements concerning the writing of history would the author of the passage be most likely to agree?5.The primary function of the passage as a whole is to（ ）.问题1选项A.ancient periodB.medieval periodC.seventeenth centuryD.nineteenth century问题2选项A.pragmatic and hypocritic

59、alB.cautious and inconsistentC.daring and opportunisticD.strong but prudent问题3选项A.Nineteenth century philosophy took science as its model for understanding the bases ofB.The role of academic institutions in shaping metaphysical philosophy grew enormously during the nineteenth century.C.Nineteenth ce

60、ntury philosophers carried out a program of investigation explicitly laid out by Descartes and SpinozaD.Kant had an overwhelming impact on the direction of nineteenth century philosophy.问题4选项A.History should not emphasize the role played by ideas over the role played by individualsB.History should n

61、ot be distorted by attributing present-day consciousness to historical figuresC.History should not be focused primarily on those past events most relevant to the presentD.History, should be concerned with describing those aspects of the past that differ most from those of the present问题5选项A.compare t

62、wo competing models.B.analyze a difficult theoryC.present new evidence for a theoryD.correct an erroneous belief by describing【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:D第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章中 “This link between philosophical interests and scientific practice persisted until the nineteenth century, when decline i

63、n ecclesiastical power over scholarship and changes in the nature of science provoked the final separation of philosophy from both.” 中文翻译为：哲学家关注科学实践，这种联系一直持续到十九世纪，教会对学术的影响力衰退以及自然科学界的变化，导致哲学与二者的最终分道扬镳。”以及“The demarcation of philosophy from science was facilitated by the development in the early nineteenth century of a new notion,.”， 中文翻译为：哲学与科学的分家，得益于十九世纪早 期发展起来的一种新观点可以得知D选项符合题意。2.观点态度题。因此，此题用排除法可以选出D项。文中说到笛卡尔和霍布斯对中世纪哲学的