2022年考博英语-北京航空航天大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷7

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1、2022年考博英语-北京航空航天大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题Government （ ） the use of seat belts in all cars.问题1选项A.prevailsB.provokesC.mediatesD.mandates【答案】D【解析】动词辨析。句意：政府（ ）在所有车中使用安全带。prevail胜过，获胜，生效，流行；provoke激起，挑衅；mediate调解，斡旋，居中；man-date 授权，托管，强制。D选项“强制”符合句意。2. 单选题Her smile（ ）her secret even though she didnt ad

2、mit the fact.问题1选项A.revealedB.reversedC.reviewedD.responded【答案】A【解析】动词辨析。revealed泄露；reversed使反转，撤销；reviewed评论，检验；responded回答，响应。句意：她的笑容 （ ） 了她的秘密，即使她不承认这个事实。因此A选项符合句意。3. 单选题We（ ） that he cannot finish the work before June 15.问题1选项A.prosecuteB.meddleC.presumeD.mingle【答案】C【解析】动词辨析。句意：我们 他不能在六月十五号之前完成工

3、作。prosecute起诉；meddle干涉；presume假设，认为；mingle使混合，与交往。因此，C项符合句意。4. 单选题A controversy erupted in the scientific community in early 1998 over the use of DNA ( deoxyribo-nucleic acid) fingerprinting in criminal investigations. DNA fingerprinting was introduced in 1987 as a method to identify individuals bas

4、ed on a pattern seen in their DNA, the molecule of which gene are made. DNA is present in every cell of the body except red blood cells. DNA fingerprinting has been used successfully in various ways, such as to determine paternity where it is not clear who the fa- ther of a particular child is. Howe

5、ver, it is in the area of criminal investigations that DNA fingerprint- ing has potentially powerful and controversial uses.DNA fingerprinting and other DNA analysis techniques have revolutionized criminal investigations by giving investigators powerful new tools in the attempt to prove guilt, not j

6、ust establish innocence. When used in criminal investigations, a DNA fingerprint pattern from a suspect is compared with a DNA fingerprint pattern obtained from such material as hairs or blood found at the scene of a crime. A match between the two DNA samples can be used as evidence to convict a sus

7、pect.The controversy in 1998 stemmed from a report published in December 1991 by population genet- icists Richard C. Lewontin of Harvard University in Cambridge, Mass. , and Daniel L. Hartl called into question the methods to calculate how likely it is that a match between two DNA fingerprints might

8、 occur by chance alone. In particular, they argued that the current method cannot properly de- termine the likelihood that two DNA samples will match because they came from the same individual rather than simply from two different individuals who are members of the same ethnic group. Lewontin and Ha

9、rtl called for better surveys of DNA patterns methods are adequate.In response to their criticisms, population geneticists Ranajit Chakraborty of the University of Texas in Dallas and Kenneth K. Kidd of Yale University in New Haven, Conn. , argued that enough data are already available to show that

10、the methods currently being used are adequate. In January 1998, however, the Federal Bureau of Investigation and laboratories that conduct DNA tests an- nounced that they would collect additional DNA samples from various ethnic groups in an attempt to resolve some of these questions. And, in April,

11、a National Academy of Sciences called for strict standards and system of accreditation for DNA testing laboratories.1.Before DNA fingerprinting is used, suspects（ ）.2.DNA fingerprinting can be unreliable when（ ）.3.To geneticists like Lewontin and Hartl, the current method（ ） .4.The attitude of the F

12、ederal Bureau of Investigation shows that（） .5.National Academy of Sciences holds the stance that（ ） .问题1选项A.would have to leave their fingerprints for further investigationsB.would have to submit evidence for their innocenceC.could easily escape conviction of guiltD.could be convicted of guilt as w

13、ell问题2选项A.the methods used for blood-cell calculation are not accurateB.two different individuals of the same ethnic group may have the same DNA fingerprinting pat-ternC.a match is by chance left with fingerprints that happen to belong to two different individualsD.two different individuals leave tw

14、o DNA samples问题3选项A.is not so convincing as to exclude the likelihood that two DNA samples can never come from two individualsB.is arguable because two individuals of the same ethnic group are likely to have the same DNA patternC.is not based on adequate scientific theory of geneticsD.is theoretical

15、ly contradictory to what they have been studying问题4选项A.enough data are yet to be collected from various ethnic groups to confirm the unlikelihood of two DNA samples coming from two individual membersB.enough data of DNA samples should be collected to confirm that only DNA samples from the same perso

16、n can matchC.enough data are yet to be collected from various ethnic groups to determine the likelihood of two different DNA samples coming from the same personD.additional samples from various ethnic groups should be collected to determine that two DNA samples are unlikely to come from the same per

17、son问题5选项A.DNA testing should be systematizedB.only authorized laboratories can conduct DNA testingC.the academy only is authorized to work out standards for testingD.the academy has the right to accredit laboratories for DNA testing【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.此句考查定语从句，空格处应填入关系代词，而先行词是zoologis

18、ts，因此，正确答案为“who”，C选项正确。2.句意为：牛津大学的动物学家在对信鸽进行了18个月的 后，得出了结论，选项D“study”符合句意。3.此处需要结合文章倒数第三句“The scientists concluded that pigeons use a familiar visual landmarks（科学家得出结论，鸽子使用一种熟悉的视觉标志物）。因此此处选项B“familiar”正确。4.本句句意：鸽子会通过熟悉的地标按原路返回家里， 以最短的距离直线飞回家。这里D选项“rather than”是固定搭配，表示“而不是”。5.此处句意为：鸽子因其长距离的导航能力而 ，选项C

19、“known”与“for”搭配表示“因闻名”，其他选项都不能与介词for搭配使用，故选项C正确。6.空格处句意：信鸽利用太阳和星星的 、它们的内置罗盘以及嗅觉来辨识方向。故C选项“position”符合句意。7.根据空后的 “or on a journey”判断，此处应填入与“journey”并列平行的单词。因此选项B“distance”正确。8.空格后分句句意：不同的因素会影响鸽子的航行，因此此处是一个转折关系，虽然C选项“otherwise”也有转折的意思，但其后不跟逗号，故选项B“however”正确。9.空格处句意：当信鸽被放飞到离家近的地方时，它的导航能力似乎会受到不同因素的影响。因

20、此此处应选择A项“when”，表示“当时”。10.空格处句意为：当信鸽被放飞到离 近的地方时，它的导航能力似乎会受到不同因素的影响。因此此处应填C项home。11.此处句意为：通过给信鸽安装小型全球定位装置，将它们放到离家几公里的地方做实验，动物行为学家由此得出了 。选项C“conclusion”符合句意。12.句意：给信鸽安装全球定位装置是用来 信鸽的飞行位置的，选项D“record”符合句意。13.此处表达的是：实验应该对每一只信鸽每一次飞行过程中的每一秒进行记录，并且由“every second”推断，此处为“per”。14.此处句意为：在 起点进行放飞实验，选项A“same”符合句意。

21、15.此处句意为：最初的几次放飞实验，信鸽的返回路径与放飞路径 ，选项B“varied”符合句意。16.“take off”为固定搭配，表示“起飞”。17.空格前后为转折关系。18.“flight after flight”为固定搭配，表示“成群的”。19.“a chain of”修饰后面的“landmarks”表示“一连串路标”。20.句意：在信鸽返回的途中，高速公路就是 。B项“such”正确。5. 写作题Do you think people should buy things made in their own country, even when the price is highe

22、r than the same things made somewhere else? Write an essay of noless than 200 words based on this topic.【答案】People Should Choose the Products They Would Like to Buy6. 单选题Up until that time, his interest had focused almost（ ）on fully mastering theskills and techniques of his craft.问题1选项A.restrictivel

23、yB.radicallyC.inclusivelyD.exclusively【答案】D【解析】句意：直到那个时候，他的兴趣几乎只（ ） 充分地掌握职业的技能和技巧。再根据题干中almost和fully，可知他只关注掌握他的职业的技能和技巧。A选项restrictively限制性地；B选项radically根本地，彻底地；C选项inclusively包含地；D选项exclusively专有地；排外地。7. 单选题The professor gave（ ）instruction for carrying out the research project.问题1选项A.explicitB.formi

24、dableC.afflictiveD.dominant【答案】A【解析】形容词辨析。句意：为了完成研究项目，教授给了 简介。explicit详尽的，详述的；formidable可怕的，难以对付的；afflictive令人痛苦的，苦恼的；dominant支配的，显性的。因此，A项符合句意。8. 单选题The town planning commission said that their financial outlook for the next year was optimistic.They expect increased tax（ ）.问题1选项A.efficiencyB.revenu

25、esC.privilegesD.validity【答案】B【解析】名词辨析。句意：城镇规划委员会对他们下一年的经济前景持乐观态度。他们期盼税收增加。efficiency效率；revenue税收，收益；privilege特权；validity有效性。tax revenue表示“税收”，是常用词组。故本题选B。9. 单选题A recent survey shows that, while ninety-four percent of companies conducting management-train-ing programs open them to women，women are（ ）o

26、nly seventy-four percent of those pro-grams.问题1选项A.protesting againstB.participating inC.displeased byD.allowed in【答案】B【解析】短语辨析。句意：最近的调查显示，尽管有94%的公司向妇女开放管理培训课程，妇女在这项目中也只有74%的 （ ） 。protesting against 抗议；participating in 参与；displeased by 不开心；allowed in被允许。选项B符合句意。10. 单选题He found his new acquaintance t

27、o be（ ）: trying to understand her personality was likepeering into an unknown dimension.问题1选项A.cosmopolitanB.imperturbableC.inscrutableD.puerile【答案】C【解析】形容词辨析。句意：他发现他新结识的朋友 ，尝试了解她的性格就如同窥探未知的领域。cosmopolitan世界性的；世界主义的，四海一家的；imperturbable冷静的；泰然自若的；inscrutable神秘的；不可理解的；不能预测的；不可思议的；puerile幼稚的；孩子气的；未成熟的；天

28、真的。因此，C项符合句意。11. 单选题He is the author of this novel with high（ ）in the country.问题1选项A.coherenceB.prestigeC.consequenceD.commitment【答案】B【解析】名词辨析。句意：他是这本小说的作者，在这个国家有很高的（ ） 。coherence统一，连贯性；prestige声望，名望；consequence结果，推论，重要性；commitment承诺，委托。因此，B项符合句意。12. 单选题Enthusiasts from around the world（ ）on Le Mans

29、 for the annual car race.问题1选项A.coverageB.idiotC.consumeD.converge【答案】D【解析】句意：来自世界各地的狂热分子，因为年度赛车比赛（ ） 勒芒。coverage范围，规模；idiot白痴；consume消耗，挥霍；converge集合，汇聚。因此，D项符合句意。13. 单选题Why should anyone want to read（ ）of books by great authors when the real pleasure comes from reading the originals?问题1选项A.digests

30、B.insightsC.themesD.leaflets【答案】A【解析】名词辨析。digests文摘；insights洞悉，领悟；themes主题；leaflets传单。句意：真正的快乐来自阅读原著，怎么还会有人想读名著的（ ）呢？因此推测，正确答案是A选项。14. 单选题While typing, Kathy had a habit of stopping（ ）o give her long and flowing hair a smooth.问题1选项A.promptlyB.simultaneouslyC.eventuallyD.occasionally【答案】D【解析】副词辨析。句意：

31、在打字的时候，凯西 停下来梳理一下她柔顺的长发的习惯。promptly 敏捷地，迅速地；simultaneously 同时地；eventually 最终，最后；occasionally偶尔。因此，D项符合句意。15. 单选题At first, the results of the experiment seemed（ ）but finally a pattern emerged.问题1选项A.fineB.graveC.genuineD.haphazard【答案】D【解析】动词辨析。句意：起初，实验结果似乎是偶然的，但最终出现了一种模式。因此选D。16. 单选题The English langu

32、age contains a (an) （ ）of words which are comparatively seldom used in ordinary conversation.问题1选项A.altitudeB.latitudeC.multitudeD.attitude【答案】C【解析】名词辨析。句意：英语中的 单词，在曰常谈话中几乎用不到。altitude 高度、海拔；latitude 纬度；multitude 多数；attitude 态度。因此，C项符合句意。17. 单选题They had a fierce（ ）as to whether their company should

33、restore the trade relationshipwhich was broken years ago.问题1选项A.debateB.clashC.disagreementD.contest【答案】A【解析】名词辨析。句意：关于公司是否应该恢复数年前破裂的贸易关系，他们进行了一场激烈的 。debate讨论，辩论；clash 争论；disagreement 分歧；contest 竞争。因此，A项符合句意。18. 单选题In some cultures the essence of magic is its traditional integrity; it can be efficie

34、nt only if it has been（ ）without loss from primeval times to the present practitioner.问题1选项A.aggrandizedB.realizedC.transmittedD.manipulated【答案】C【解析】动词辨析。句意：在某些文化中魔术的本质是其传统的完整性；只有当它从远古时代毫发无损地 到今天的从业人员手中时它才是有效的。aggrandized 夸大；realized 实现；transmitted 传输，传送；manipulated 操作。选项C“传输，传送”符合句意，在此意为“传承”。19. 单选

35、题In general, matters which lie entirely within state borders are the（ ）concern of state gov-ernments.问题1选项A.extinctB.excludingC.excessiveD.exclusive【答案】D【解析】形容词辨析。句意：一般来说，国家边境问题是政府 关心的问题。extinct灭绝的；excluding除外，不包括；excessive过度的，过分的；exclusive独有的，专一的。D项exclusive独有的，专一的符合句意，在这里表示“专门的，特别的”。20. 单选题The que

36、stion of whether war is inevitable is one which has concerned many of the worlds great writers. Before considering this question, it will be useful to introduce some related concepts. Conflict, defined as opposition among social entities directed against one another, is distinguished from competitio

37、n, defined as opposition among social entities independently striving for something which is in inadequate supply. Competitors may not be aware of one another, while the parties to a conflict are. Conflict and competition are both categories of opposition, which has been defined as a process by whic

38、h social entities function in the disservice of one another. Opposition is thus contrasted with cooperation, the process by which social entities function in the service of one another. These definitions are necessary because it is important to emphasize that competition between individuals or group

39、s is inevitable in a world of limited resources, but conflict is not. Conflict, nevertheless, is very likely to occur, and is probably an essential and desirable element of human societies.Many authors have argued for the inevitability of war from the premise that in the struggle for existence among

40、 animal species, only the fittest survive. In general, however, this struggle in nature is competition, not conflict. Social animals, such as monkeys and cattle, fight to win or maintain leadership of the group. The struggle for existence occurs not in such fights, but in the competition for limited

41、 feeding areas and for the occupancy of areas free from meat-eating animals. Those who fail in this competition starve to death or become victims to other species. This struggle for existence does not resemble human war, but rather the competition of individuals for jobs, markets, and materials. The

42、 essence of the struggle is the competition for the necessities of life that are insufficient to satisfy all.Among nations there is competition in developing resources, trades, skills, and a satisfactory way of life. The successful nations grow and produce efforts to expand territory at the expense

43、of others, and thus lead to conflict. It cannot be said that war-like conflict among nations is inevitable, although competition is.1.In the first paragraph, the author gives the definitions of some term in order to（ ）2.According to the author, competition differs from conflict in that（ ）.3.The phra

44、se “function in the disservice of one another” most probably means（ ）4.The author indicates in the passage that conflict（ ）.5.The passage is probably intended to answer the question “（ ）问题1选项A.argue for the similarities between animal societies and human societiesB.smooth out the conflicts in human

45、societiesC.distinguish between two kinds of oppositionD.summarize the characteristic features of opposition and cooperation问题2选项A.it results in war in most casesB.it induces efforts to expand territoryC.it is a kind of opposition among social entitiesD.it is essentially a struggle for existence问题3选项

46、A.betray each otherB.harm one anotherC.help to collaborate with each otherD.benefit one another问题4选项A.is an inevitable struggle resulting from competitionB.reflects the struggle among social animalsC.is an opposition among individual social entitiesD.can be avoided问题5选项A.Why is there conflict and co

47、mpetition?B.Is conflict desirable?C.Is war inevitable?D.Can competition lead to conflict?【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:B第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.根据题干定位至第一段。作者给出一些两种对抗术语的定义是为了将两种对抗加以区分。C项正确。2.题干问的是竞争对比冲突的不同在于什么。定位至第二段：Many authors have argued for the inevitability of war from the premise that in the struggle for existenc

48、e among animal species, only the fittest survive. In general, however, this struggle in nature is competition, not conflict（许多作家根据动物世界为生存而进行的斗争中具有适者生存的规律这一点，认为战争是不可避免的。通常来讲，这种斗争从本质上来说是竞争，而不是冲突）。据此可知，竞争不同于冲突是因为竞争从本质上来说是为了生存。3.根据题干定位至第一段：Conflict and competition are both categories of opposition, whic

49、h has been defined as a process by which social entities function in the disservice of one another.（冲突和竞争都是对立的范畴，被定义为社会实体互相伤害的过程）。因此，该短语为互相伤害。4.文章最后指出：It cannot be said that war-like conflict among nations is inevitable, although competition is（尽管竞争不可避免，却不能认为国家间类似于战争的冲突也是不可避免的）。据此可知，作者认为冲突是可以避免的，D项正确。5.文章开篇点明主题：The question of whether war is inevitable is one which has concerned many of the worlds great writers（一个让世界上许多伟大的作家忧心的问题是：战争是否不可避免）。后文从各方面论述了“战争是否不可避免”这个问题。