2022年考博英语-云南大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷55

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1、2022年考博英语-云南大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题This leads record companies to treat musicians as contracted artists who are not paid a fixed sum for their labor-time, but instead receive royalties in（ ） to their success.问题1选项A.additionB.relationC.percentageD.proportion【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：这导致唱片公司把音乐家当成签约艺术家，他们

2、无法获得固定的工资，但是当他们成功后可以获得一定比例的版税。in proportion to “与某事物成比例”，因此选项D符合题意。2. 翻译题Directions: Read the following passage and then translate the underlined parts into Chinese.Psychologists have long said that connecting with others is central to well-being, but just how much conversation we require is under i

3、nvestigation. 1.In one study, researchers eavesdropped on undergraduates for four days, then cataloged each overheard conversation as either “small talk” or “substantive”. They found that the second type correlated with happinessthe happiest students had roughly twice as many substantive talks as th

4、e unhappiest ones. Small talk, meanwhile, makes up only 10 percent of their conversation, versus 30 percent of conversation among the least content students.2.But dont write off chitchat just yet. Scientists believe that small talk could promote bonding; and maintain closeness with loved ones, and c

5、ouldnt be merely the stuff of awkward exchanges with strangers.Still, bantering with strangers could brighten your morning. 3.In a series of experiments, psychologists gave Chicago commuters varying directions about whether to talk with fellow train passengers. Those told to chat with others reporte

6、d a more pleasant journey than those told to “enjoy your solitude” or to do whatever they normally would. None of the chatters reported being rebuffed. And the results held for introverts and extroverts alikewhich makes sense, since acting extroverted has a positive effect on introverted.4.Small tal

7、k can also help us feel connected to our surroundings. People who smiled at, made eye contact with and briefly spoke with their Starbucks baristas reported a greater sense of belonging than those who rushed through the transaction.Of course, some of us are better than others at turning small talk in

8、to something bigger. In one study, people who were rated “less curious”, by researchers had trouble getting a conversation rolling on their own, and had greater luck building closeness with others when they are supplied with questions that encouraged personal disclosure. 5.But people who are deemed

9、“curious” needed no help transforming about mundane things like favorite holidays into intimate exchanges. A “curious mind-set”、the authors concluded, can lead to “positive social interaction”. So go ahead, pry. Chitchat neednt be idle. And noisiness isnt all bad.【答案】1.在一项研究中，研究人员对大学生进行了为期四天的偷听，然后将每

10、一次听到的谈话分类为“闲聊”或“实质性谈话”。他们发现第二种类型的学生与快乐有关最快乐的学生进行实质性谈话的次数大约是最不快乐的学生的两倍。2.但现在还不要对闲聊一笔勾销。科学家认为闲聊可以增进感情；和所爱的人保持亲密，不能仅仅是和陌生人尴尬的交流。3.在一系列的实验中，心理学家就是否与火车上的其他乘客交谈给芝加哥的通勤者不同的建议。那些被告知与他人聊天的人比那些被告知“享受独处”或做他们通常会做的事情的人更愉快。没有人说自己被拒绝了。4.闲聊也能让我们感觉和周围的环境有联系。与那些匆匆完成交易的人相比，那些对咖啡师微笑、与他们进行眼神交流、与他们简短交谈的人有更强的归属感。5.但是那些被认为

11、“好奇”的人不需要别人的帮助，就能把平常的事情，比如喜欢的节日，变成亲密的交流。作者总结说，一种“好奇的心态”可以导致“积极的社会互动”。去吧，pry。闲聊不必是无聊的。噪音也不全是坏事。3. 单选题I didnt send out my application form last week, but I（ ）.问题1选项A.had toB.wouldC.mustD.should have【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。D选项这种结构should have done，这里用了省略，表示过去应该做，但却没有做的事情。句意为：我上周没有把申请表发出去，但我应该发出去的。D选项正确。4. 单选题Th

12、e political crisis in Ukraine, where opposition protesters are burning campfires and setting up tents in the center of Kiev, is presenting a test for Russia, which gambled heavily on its neighbors presidential election.A defeat of the pro-Moscow candidate, Prime Minister Viktor Yanukovych, would hum

13、iliate the Kremlin one year after another former Soviet Republic, Georgia, slipped from its influence, according to observers and political analysts.The Ukrainian upheaval echoes what happened in Georgia, where protests over vote rigging led to the resignation of a Moscow-linked President and a land

14、slide victory of a young, Western-educated and Western-oriented leader.For Moscow, the stakes are even higher in Ukraine. Unlike Georgia, Ukraine shares close ethnic and linguistic ties with Russia; Kiev, Ukraines capital, is the cradle of the Russian culture and the ancient capital of the first Rus

15、sian state.President Vladimir V. Putin of Russia wants to forge a closer union between three Slavic nations Russia, Ukraine, and tiny, authoritarian Belarus and Ukraine is key to the plan, Russian businesses have major interests in Ukraine, which borders Russia to the west. The Russian military also

16、 wants to have Ukraine as an ally over which it can hold sway, not as a potential NATO participant, the analysts said.As other former republics turned away from Russia, Moscow “gets the feeling that Ukraine is its closest ally, with a symbolic significance,” said Marsha Lipman of the Carnegie Moscow

17、 Center. “Russia has given itself a goal of getting a controllable Ukraine. Im afraid it wont happen.”Putin quickly congratulated Yanukovych following Sundays vote, which pitted the prime minister against opposition leader Viktor Yushchenko. But Western observers reported voting fraud, and hundreds

18、of thousands of Ukrainians rallied in protest.“If the crisis lasts, it will become a potential source of problems for Russias relations with the West,” said Alexander Pikayev, an independent political analyst in Moscow “Russia will have to share responsibility for the acute political crisis.”The Kre

19、mlin had come out early and strongly for Yanukovych before the election. Putin traveled twice to Ukraine, ahead of each round of voting. To support the official purpose of his first visit, attending anniversary celebrations of Ukraines liberation from the Nazis in World War , the festivities were re

20、scheduled for 10 days earlier than the actual date.Since the vote, the Kremlins propaganda machine has been in full swing. Russias Channel One television, controlled by the Kremlin like all other major networks accused the Ukrainian opposition of breaking the law by declaring Yushchenko the rightful

21、ly elected President.In his prime-time show, television commentator Mikhail Leontyev compared the Ukrainian opposition to Middle Eastern militants. “But this is not the Gaza Strip, and the chaos cannot go on indefinitely,” he said, warning that protest strikes would only hurt ordinary people.Russian

22、 television also aired reports on the anniversary of Georgias “Rose Revolution” on Tuesday, saying the country was steeped in misery and poverty a year after the fall of the old government. Russian independent newspapers, however, which reach only a fraction of the TV audience, wrote about a differe

23、nt Georgia the same day telling how happy Georgians had decorated shop windows and restaurants with roses to celebrate.Many Russians view Ukraines powerful opposition as a kind of force that has disappeared in Russia under the increasingly authoritarian Putin administration.Russia has not had a seri

24、ously contested presidential election since 1996, when Boris Yeltsin narrowly defeated a Communist challenger. The political opposition here is fractured and marginalized, ousted from parliament in last years balloting closely directed by the Kremlin.Russian optimists hope a defeat of Yanukovych wou

25、ld force the Kremlin to reconsider its attempts to control political life in other former Soviet republics. Pessimists fear that his loss would only prompt the Kremlin to tighten its rule.“The stakes are high,” Lipman said, “Its a question of whether Russias neighbor will be a Ukraine ruled not thro

26、ugh democratic institutes but though administrative means or a Ukraine that will embrace democracy”.1.By saying “For Moscow the stakes are even higher in Ukraine”, the author means（ ）.2.As to Ukrainian election, which of the following is true?3.Whats the meaning of the sentence “the Kremlins propaga

27、nda machine has been in full swing”?4.What can be inferred from the passage?问题1选项A.all of the former Soviet Republics betrayed Russia except UkraineB.Ukraine is the key to Putins political planC.Ukraine is unlike Georgia in many aspectsD.Ukraine weighs more for its close link with Russia问题2选项A.Any o

28、f Russias improper responses will cause political crisis in Ukraine.B.Russia had rescheduled a lot of festivities before the actual date of the election.C.Putins congratulation has caused opposition between the two candidates.D.The voting fraud reported by Kremlin caused a rally in protest.问题3选项A.Th

29、e Russian media has turned from side to side as it doesnt know which side to stand.B.The Russian media has shown an overwhelming support for Yanukovych.C.Different reports from Kremlins media made the public swing from time to time.D.Unlike Western media, Kremlins propaganda machine has taken a neut

30、ral stand.问题4选项A.Russians were dissatisfied with the absence of a seriously contested election.B.Russia would tighten its rule to control political life in other former Soviet Republics.C.A sequence of upheavals in its neighbors indicate Russias loss of control over them.D.Russia would allow Ukraine

31、 to be ruled through democratic institutes.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。定位到文章第四段内容可知，乌克兰和俄罗斯有着密切的种族和语言联系，乌克兰首都首府是俄罗斯文化的摇篮，也是俄罗斯第一个国家的古都。由此可以判断，作者说这句话的意思是乌克兰对俄罗斯很重要，选项D符合原文。2.细节事实题。根据第八段的内容可知If the crisis lasts, it will become a potential source of problems for Russias relations with the West

32、Russia will have to share responsibility for the acute political crisis（如果危机持续下去，它将成为俄罗斯与西方关系问题的一个潜在源头，俄罗斯必须为这场严重的政治危机分担责任），也就是说俄罗斯的任何不当反应都会在乌克兰引发政治危机，所以选项A正确。选项B文中只是提到将活动时间提前，并没有说很多活动，所以错误；选项C在文中没有提及；选项D乌克兰存在选举舞弊是西方观察人员提出来的，而不是克林姆林宫提出来的，只有选项A符合原文。3.推理判断题。定位到原文第十段，自投票以来，克里姆林宫的宣传机器一直在全力运转。与其他主要电视台一样，

33、由克里姆林宫控制的俄罗斯第一电视台指责乌克兰反对派宣布尤先科为合法选举的总统，这违反了法律。由此可以判断，俄罗斯媒体对亚努科维奇表示了绝对的支持。因此选项B符合原文。4.细节事实题。定位到第六段内容，As other former republics turned away from Russia, Moscow “gets the feeling that Ukraine is its closest ally, with a symbolic significance.”（随着其他前加盟共和国开始疏远俄罗斯，莫斯科“觉得乌克兰是它最亲密的盟友，具有象征意义”）Russia has give

34、n itself a goal of getting a controllable Ukraine. Im afraid it wont happen.（俄罗斯给自己设定了一个目标，那就是控制乌克兰。恐怕这不会发生）然而乌克兰发生了改变，俄罗斯并没有达成这一目的，由此说明，邻国的一系列动荡表明俄罗斯对它们失去了控制，选项C符合原文。5. 单选题People who consider paperback publishing a recent phenomenon often do not realize （ ） paperbound.问题1选项A.that the dime novels of

35、 the 1860s wereB.that the dime novels were of the 1860sC.there were dime novels of the 1860s whichD.that the dime novels of the 1860s which were【答案】A【解析】语法题。根据动词realize和选项，可知空格中应填入宾语从句。因为there不能充当宾语引导词，选项C可排除。根据选项的宾语从句句子结构，可知宾语从句为主系表结构，主语为the dime novels of the 1860s，were paperbound为谓语部分。句意：认为平装本出版是

36、最近的一种事物的人往往没有意识到19世纪60年代的廉价小说就是平装书。选项A符合题意。6. 单选题While I could not（ ）the words outside the thick glass windows, their middle fingers spoke loudly.问题1选项A.wear outB.set outC.make outD.find out【答案】C【解析】考查语义关系。A选项wear out“耗尽、疲乏”；B选项set out “动身、出发”；C选项make out“理解、辨认”；D选项find out“查明、找出”，句意为：厚厚的玻璃窗外的话我听不清，

37、但他们的中指竖了起来。因此选项C符合题意。7. 单选题In the worst times of life, you have to take full advantage of the beautiful things that（ ）.问题1选项A.come alongB.come byC.come acrossD.come to【答案】A【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项come along“出现、一道来”，主语可以是人也可以是物；B选项come by“得到、短暂拜访”；C选项come across“偶然遇见”，主语是人；D选项come to“来到、苏醒”，句意为：在人生最糟糕的时候，你要充分利

38、用一起来到身边的美好事物。选项A符合题意。8. 单选题A terrible traffic accident happened; people were saddened when they watched the（ ）sight on TV.问题1选项A.panicB.patrioticC.patheticD.periodic【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项panic“恐慌的”；B选项patriotic“爱国的”；C选项pathetic“可怜的、悲哀的”；D选项periodic“周期的、定期的”，句意为：一场可怕的交通事故发生了。人们从电视上看到这悲惨的场面时都感到很难过。因此选项C

39、符合题意。9. 单选题Naturally, in a group of animals as diverse as the snakes, and with so many varied enemies, there are numerous defensive reactions and devices. There is, however, one general pattern of behavior, in the presence of a suspected enemy the first reaction is to try to escape observation; if t

40、his fails, the next resort is flight to some inaccessible retreat, but if this is not possible, or is circumvented, various kinds of intimidatory gestures and warning devices are brought into play; in the last resort the snake attacks. This pattern varies with the circumstances; some stages may be o

41、mitted or combined unpredictably whilst; some notoriously irascible species may dispense with all the preliminaries and attack almost at once, though seldom or never without some provocation.Amongst the factors that increase aggressiveness are hunger, the mating season and surprise, with the last me

42、ntioned the commonest; when hunting for food or for mates, activity and the aggressive instinct are both at their peak, but it is when it is caught unawares that the normal chain of re-actions tends to become telescoped. Owing to their poor sense of hearing, snakes are very liable to be, quite liter

43、ally, caught napping and a similar situation arises during their periods of temporary blindness just before sloughing begins. By far the greatest number of snake-bite accidents result from the unwitting disturbance of resting snakes, and this hazard is much increased with species that are well camou

44、flaged and whose natural instinct is to trust to this concealment as their principal defense. As well as differences in aggressiveness between individuals of the same species according to the circumstances and conditions, there are also notable differences between species, even closely allied specie

45、s; and the reports of those who have been attacked may understandably be lacking in objectivity. So it is impossible to forecast, even in outline, how any encounter will develop.The Hamadryad, for example, is usually credited with being amongst the most aggressive of snakes, and there are many accou

46、nts of unprovoked attacks, yet on one occasion fourteen men and seven dogs passed and returned within two yards from a nest and no snake was seen although the female, which guards the nest, could not have been far away.1.When a snake meets a potential enemy, its primary device is（ ）.2.By “dispense w

47、ith all the preliminaries” (the last sentence, Para. l.), the author most probably means that（ ）.3.A snake is most aggressive when（ ）.4.It is difficult to predict what would happen when a snake meets a man because（ ）.5.The author uses the example in the last paragraph to support his idea that（ ）.问题1

48、选项A.avoiding any observationB.finding a safe shelterC.giving a warning threatD.starting a quick问题2选项A.the snakes combine all the previous three steps.B.the snakes give up all the previous steps.C.the snakes follow all the previous steps one by one.D.the snakes reverse the order of all the previous s

49、teps.问题3选项A.it meets a possible enemyB.it is caught when it is sleeping or sloughingC.it is disturbed unknowinglyD.it seeks a partner in the mating season问题4选项A.no one has ever clearly known how he himself was bitB.man tends to be subjective when he describes his encounter with a snakeC.the aggressi

50、veness of the snakes diversifies according to different situationsD.a snake does not begin to attack without provocation问题5选项A.snakes do not begin the aggressive act if it is not disturbedB.some snakes are more aggressive and more ready to attackC.it is hard to forecast whether and how snakes would

51、attackD.snakes often conceal themselves as their principal defense【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:D第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.推理判断题。定位到文章第一段，“in the presence of suspected enemy the first reaction is to try to escape observation”，在可疑的敌人面前，第一反应是设法逃过观察。由此可知蛇第一装置是逃避任何的观察，因此选项A正确。2.事实细节题。定位到文章最后一段，“some stages may be omitted or

52、combined unpredictably whilst; some notoriously irascible species may dispense with all the preliminaries and attack almost at once”，一些阶段可能被省略或合并不可预测，而一些臭名昭著的暴躁物种可能免除所有的准备，几乎一下子攻击。由此可知，蛇会放弃所有步骤直接攻击。因此选项B正确。3.推理判断题。定位到文章第二段，“when hunting for food or for mates, activity and the aggressive instinct are

53、 both at their peak.”当寻找食物或配偶时，活跃性和攻击性的本能都达到了顶峰，因此选项D符合题意。4.推理判断题。定位到文章第二段，“As well as differences in aggressiveness between individuals of the same species according to the circumstances and conditions, there are also notable differences between species, even closely allied species”除了同一物种的个体在攻击能力上因

54、环境和条件的不同而存在差异外，物种之间，甚至亲缘关系密切的物种之间也存在显著差异。由此可知，蛇应对不同的情况会呈现出不同的应对反应，因此蛇遇见人而做出的反应是难以预测的。选项C正确。5.推理判断题。定位到文章最后一段，“yet on one occasion fourteen men and seven dogs passed and returned within two yards from a nest and no snake was seen although the female, which guards the nest, could not have been far awa

55、y”，但有一次，14个人和7条狗在离一个巢穴两码的地方经过并返回，尽管雌蛇没有出现。守护鸟巢的鸟儿，不可能离得太远。由此可知蛇没有被打扰是不会进行应激行为的。因此选项A正确。10. 单选题When the governor of the province arrived in the town hall he was immediately surrounded by local officials who tried every way to ingratiate themselves （ ）the governor.问题1选项A.withB.ofC.intoD.under【答案】A【解析】

56、考查固定搭配。ingratiate oneself with sb. “奉承某人，讨好某人”。当省长到达大厅时，他立刻被当地官员那些想讨好他的官员团团围住了。选项A符合题意。11. 单选题The shop assistant was straight with his customers. If an article was of（ ）quality, hed tell them so.问题1选项A.humbleB.inferiorC.minorD.awkward【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项humble“谦逊的、简陋的”；B选项inferior“差的、自卑的”；C选项minor“较

57、小的、次要的”；D选项awkward“尴尬的、笨拙的”，句意为：那个店员对顾客很坦率。如果商品质量低劣，他就会把它们换掉。inferior quality为次等质量的意思，因此选项B符合题意。12. 单选题In the next century well be able to alter our DNA radically, encoding our visions and vanities while concocting new life-forms. When Dr. Frankenstein made his monster, he wrestled with the moral is

58、sue of whether he should allow it to reproduce, “Had I the right, for my own benefit, to inflict the curse upon everlasting generations?” Will such questions require us to develop new moral philosophies?Probably not. Instead, well reach again for a time tested in called the Golden Rule and which Kan

59、t, the millenniums most prudent moralist, conjured up into a categorical imperative: Do unto others as you would have them do unto you; treat each person as an individual rather than as a means to some end.Under this moral precept we should recoil at human cloning, because it inevitably entails usin

60、g humans as means to other humans ends and valuing them as copies of others we loved or as collections of body parts, not as individuals in their own right. We should also draw a line, however fuzzy, that would permit using genetic engineering to cure diseases and disabilities but not to change the

61、personal attributes that make someone an individual (IQ, physical appearance, gender and sexuality).The biotech age will also give us more reason to guard our personal privacy. Aldous Huxley in Brave New World, got it wrong: rather than centralizing power in the hands of the state, DNA technology ha

62、s empowered individuals and families. But the state will have an important role, making sure that no one, including insurance companies, can look at our genetic data without our permission or use it to discriminate against us.Then we can get ready for the breakthroughs that could come at the end of

63、the next century and the technology is comparable to mapping our genes: plotting the 10 billion or more neurons of our brain. With that information we might someday be able to create artificial intelligences that think and experience consciousness in ways that are indistinguishable from a human brai

64、n. Eventually we might be able to replicate our own minds in a “dry ware” machine, so that we could live on without the “wet ware” of a biological brain and body. The 20th centurys revolution in infotechnology will thereby merge with the 21st centurys revolution in biotechnology. But this is science fiction. Lets turn the page now and get back to