2022年考博英语-全国医学统考考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷71

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1、2022年考博英语-全国医学统考考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题问题1选项A.Management of cancer patients.B.Relief of the worries of caregivers.C.Emotional struggle while caregiving.D.Emotional support for cancer patients.【答案】C【解析】15. M: Doctor White. Ive been a cancer patient and a care giver, to a, cancer patient. I know kaya

2、king was hard. What was going on emotionally? That seemed so hard.W: When youre care giving, youre undergoing chronic stress. Youre worrying about your loved one.Q: What are the two speakers talking about?【试题答案】C【试题解析】事实细节题。题干为：这两个人在讨论什么？由文中“When youre care giving, youre undergoing chronic stress. Y

3、oure worrying about your loved one.（当你做护理时，你承受着长期的压力。你在为你在乎的人担心）”，可知C选项“Emotional struggle while caregiving（护理过程中的情感斗争）”符合原文。A选项“癌症患者的管理”；B选项“减轻照顾者的忧虑”；D选项“对患者的情感支持”不符合原文。2. 单选题9.问题1选项A.To ask local people for help.B.To do as Romans do only when in Rome.C.Try to act like the people from that culture

4、.D.Stay with your country fellow.【答案】C【解析】W: Most people feel culture shock when traveling to a foreign culture. M: Thats for sure. But they should do as Romans do. Q: According to the man, what are people supposed to do when traveling to a foreign culture? 【解析】固定词组。男士说：But they should do as Romans

5、do。do as Romans do的含义是“入乡随俗”。3. 单选题26-30问题1选项A.He was the owner of a grocery store.B.He was a convict laboring at a junkyard.C.He struggled under the strain of poverty.D.He lived happily with his wife and three kids.问题2选项A.He is a stockbroker.B.He is an investment advisor.C.He is the manager of a mu

6、tual fund.D.He is a teacher at local community college.问题3选项A.Indecision.B.Arrogance.C.Ignorance.D.Fear.问题4选项A.He began teaching on investment at college.B.He began reading investment books and then began practicing.C.He began learning how to become a successful stockbroker.D.He began investing big

7、money in a mutual fund each month.问题5选项A.Man errs as long as he strives.B.Failure is the mother of success.C.Where there is a will，there is a way.D.The good seaman is known in bad weather.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:A第5题:C【解析】Twenty years ago, Jeff Harris hardly seemed on the road to wealth. (26) He was

8、a college dropout who struggled to support his wife, DeAnn, and three kids, working as a grocery store clerk and at a junkyard where he melted scrap metal alongside convicts. “At times we were so broke that we washed our clothes in the bathtub because we couldnt afford the laundromat.” (27) Now hes

9、a 49-year-old investment advisor and multimillionaire in York, South Carolina.There was one big reason Jeff pulled ahead of the pack: He always knew hed be rich. The reality is that 80 percent of Americans worth at least $5 million grew up in middle-class or lesser households, just like Jeff.“Wantin

10、g to be wealthy is a crucial first step,” says Harv Eker, author of Secrets of the Millionaire Mind. “(28) The biggest obstacle to wealth is fear. People are afraid to think big, but if you think small, youll only achieve small things.”It all started for Jeff when he met a stockbroker at a Christmas

11、 party. “Talking to him, it felt like discovering fire,” he says. (29) “I started reading books about investing during my breaks at the grocery store, and I began putting $25 a month in a mutual fund.” Next he taught a class at a local community college on investing. His students became his first cl

12、ients, which led to his investment practice. (30) “There were lots of struggles,” says Jeff, “but what got me through was believing with all my heart that I would succeed.”26. What was true about Jeff Harris do now?【解析】细节题。文中讲到他在废品站和杂货铺工作来支持家庭生活，故选C。27. What does Jeff Harris Twenty years ago?【解析】细节题

13、。文中讲到现在他是一个49岁的investment advisor。28. According to Harv Eker, author of Secrets of the Millionaire Mind, what is the biggest hurdle to wealth?【解析】细节题。文中讲到获取财富最大的障碍是fear。29. What did Jeff Harris do after he met his lucky stara stock broker?【解析】细节题。他首先在杂货店里开始学习投资方面的书，然后在本地社区大学里教投资课程，他的学生成了他的第一拨客户。30.

14、Which of the following mottos would you associate Jeff Harris with?【解析】主旨题。通过全文推理可知，Jeff最开始贫困潦倒，通过不懈努力获得成功。4. 单选题1.问题1选项A.A cough.B.Diarrhea.C.A fever.D.Vomiting.【答案】B【解析】M: Whats the matter with this little boy? W: He has a chesty cough all the time. His temperature is high. And he keeps telling me

15、 he wants to be sick. M: Does he bring anything up? W: No, because he has been off his food for the past two days. He just brings up (呕吐) bile (胆汁). Q: Which of the following is not the boys symptom? 【解析】细节题。根据对话可知，小男孩咳嗽，发烧，并且恶心，呕吐。故选B。5. 单选题8.问题1选项A.In the gym.B.In the office.C.In the clinic.D.In t

16、he boat.【答案】C【解析】M: Ok, everything looks ship-shape. W: Great! When should I come again for a physical? Q: Where did this conversation probably take place?【解析】推断题。女士问何时来复查，由此推断对话场景应为医院。6. 单选题 A decade ago, most patients were informed over the phone or in person by the doctors. But in the past few ye

17、ars, hospitals and medical practices have urged patients to sign up for portals, which allow them rapid, round-the-clock access to their records. Lab tests are now released directly to patients. The push for portals has been fueled by several factors: the widespread embrace of technology, incentive

18、payments to medical practices and hospitals that were part of 2009 federal legislation to encourage “meaningful use” of electronic records, and a 2014 federal rule giving patients direct access to their results. Policymakers have long regarded electronic medical records as a way to foster patient en

19、gagement and improve patient safety. Are portals delivering on their promise to engage patients? Or are these results too often a source of confusion and alarm for patients and the cause of more work for doctors because information is provided without adequate-or sometimes any-guidance? Although wha

20、t patients see online and how quickly they see it differssometimes even within the same hospital system-most portals contain lab tests, imaging studies, pathology reports and less frequently, doctors notes. It is not uncommon for a test result to be posted before the doctor has seen it. Katharine Tr

21、eadway, an internist, knows what its like to obtain shocking news from an electronic medical record. The experience, she said, has influenced the way she practices. More than a decade ago-long before most patients had portals-Treadway, with her husbands permission, pulled up the results of his MRI s

22、can on a hospital computer while waiting to see the specialist treating his sudden, unbearable arm pain. “It showed a massive tumor and widespread metastatic disease,” Treadway recalled. She never suspected that her 59-year-old husband had cancer, let alone a highly aggressive and usually fatal form

23、 of advanced lymphoma. Treadway, whose husband has been cancer-free for more than a decade, said she remembered intently checking the name and date of birth, certain she had the wrong patient, then rebooting the computer several times “like I was going to get a different answer.”1. What is the trend

24、 mentioned at the beginning of the passage?2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a contributing factor for the increasing use of portals?3. What concerns the author in respect to the increasing use of portals?4. Which of the following statements is true about Dr. Treadways husband?5. The aut

25、hor cites Katharine Treadways experience to（ ）.问题1选项A.More lab tests are ordered through portals.B.More hospitals provide rapid, round-the-clock services.C.More medical consultations are conducted over the phone.D.More patients are encouraged to use portals for their medical information.问题2选项A.Popul

26、ar acceptance of technology.B.Lower payments for the patients to obtain their results.C.Financial benefits for hospital use of electronic records.D.Legal requirement to provide patients with direct access to their results.问题3选项A.Unsafe access to patients personal information.B.Inadequate guidance fo

27、r the patients to use portals.C.Improper delivery of the medical results to the patients.D.Different contents provided to the patients by different systems.问题4选项A.He was depressed by the diagnosis of his disease.B.He was screened for a highly aggressive and fatal cancer.C.He was mismatched with the

28、electronic records of his MRI scan.D.He was informed of the results of his MRI scan via hospital portals.问题5选项A.explain the hidden risk of portals being illegally accessedB.exemplify the potential risk of misinforming patients through portalsC.illustrate the progress in the way information is delive

29、red to the patientsD.show the advantages of portals over phone in releasing patients information【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.【选项释义】What is the trend mentioned at the beginning of the passage? 文章开头提到的趋势是什么？A. More lab tests are ordered through portals. A. 更多的实验室测试通过门户进行。B. More hospitals provid

30、e rapid, round-the-clock services. B. 更多的医院提供快速、24小时的服务。C. More medical consultations are conducted over the phone. C. 更多的医疗咨询通过电话进行。D. More patients are encouraged to use portals for their medical information. D. 鼓励更多患者使用门户网站获取医疗信息。【答案】D【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位至原文第一段第二句“但在过去几年里，医院和医疗机构敦促患者注册门户网站，

31、这样他们就可以24小时快速查看自己的病历。”由此句可知在最近几年查看病历趋向于在网站上自行查看电子诊疗。D选项“鼓励更多患者使用门户网站获取医疗信息。”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A选项“更多的实验室测试通过门户进行。”，文中并未提及，属于无中生有；B选项“更多的医院提供快速、24小时的服务。”，文中没有提及，属于无中生有；C选项“更多的医疗咨询通过电话进行。”文中指的是“十多年前大多数病人都是通过电话或医生亲自告知的”，并不是现在的趋势，属于过度推断。2.【选项释义】Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a contributing factor

32、for the increasing use of portals? 下面哪一项没有被提到是门户网站使用增加的一个因素？A. Popular acceptance of technology. A. 对技术的普遍接受。B. Lower payments for the patients to obtain their results. B. 降低病人获得结果的费用。C. Financial benefits for hospital use of electronic records. C. 医院使用电子记录的经济利益。D. Legal requirement to provide patie

33、nts with direct access to their results. D. 为病人提供直接查看结果的法律要求。【答案】B【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位至原文第二段第一句“推动门户网站建设的因素有以下几个：科技的广泛应用（the widespread embrace of technology）、对医疗机构和医院的奖励（这是2009年联邦立法的一部分，旨在鼓励有意义地使用电子记录），以及2014年的一项联邦规定，允许患者直接查看其结果（federal rule giving patients direct access to their results）”由此句

34、可知A选项“对科技的普遍接受”，C选项“医院使用电子记录的经济利益”和D选项“为病人提供直接查看结果的法律要求”都在原文中提到了。B选项没有提及，因此选B。【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项根据解题思路可知均属于反向干扰。3.【选项释义】What concerns the author in respect to the increasing use of portals? 对于门户网站越来越多的使用，作者关注的是什么？A. Unsafe access to patients personal information. A. 对患者个人信息的不安全访问。B. Inadequate guidance

35、for the patients to use portals. B. 对患者使用门户的指导不足。C. Improper delivery of the medical results to the patients. C. 不恰当地向患者传递诊断结果。D. Different contents provided to the patients by different systems. D. 不同系统提供给患者不同的内容。【答案】C【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位至原文第三段第二句话“还是说，这些结果往往会让病人感到困惑和惊慌，让医生需要做更多的工作，因为提供的信息不充分

36、，有时甚至没有任何指导?”以及第三段中谈到作者对在医疗系统使用门户网站通知病人诊断结果的反思可知C项“不恰当地向患者传递诊断结果”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A选项“对患者个人信息的不安全访问。”，文中没有提及，属于无中生有；B选项“对患者使用门户的指导不足。”，“没有指导”指的是医生对患者病情的说明，该选项无中生有；D选项“不同系统提供给患者不同的内容。”，属于无中生有。4.【选项释义】Which of the following statements is true about Dr. Treadways husband? 下面关于特雷德韦医生的丈夫的陈述哪一项是正确的？A. He was d

37、epressed by the diagnosis of his disease. A. 诊断出他的病后，他很沮丧。B. He was screened for a highly aggressive and fatal cancer. B. 他被检查出患有高度恶性和致命的癌症。C. He was mismatched with the electronic records of his MRI scan. C. 他和核磁共振扫描的电子记录不匹配。D. He was informed of the results of his MRI scan via hospital portals. D.

38、 他通过医院门户得知了核磁共振扫描的结果。【答案】C【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干信息可从原文第六段开始定位，讲到特雷德韦医生通过门户网站查询诊断结果的例子，再根据第七段中特雷德韦医生所说“上面显示一个巨大的肿瘤和扩散转移的疾病”和后面“她从未怀疑过她59岁的丈夫得了癌症”，以及最后一段中“确定她是选错了人”，可知C选项“他和核磁共振扫描的电子记录不匹配”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A选项“诊断出他的病后，他很沮丧。”，文中没有提及属于无中生有；B选项“他被检查出患有高度恶性和致命的癌症。”，文中没有提及属于无中生有；D选项“他通过医院门户得知了核磁共振扫描的结果。”，文中说的是这个医

39、生在医院的电脑上查看了他的核磁共振扫描结果，而不是这个医生的丈夫通过医院门户得知结果，属于张冠李戴。5.【选项释义】The author cites Katharine Treadways experience to（ ）. 作者引用特雷德韦医生的经验是想_。A. explain the hidden risk of portals being illegally accessed A. 解释门户网站被非法访问的潜在风险B. exemplify the potential risk of misinforming patients through portals B. 举例说明通过门户网站向患

40、者提供错误信息的潜在风险C. illustrate the progress in the way information is delivered to the patients C. 说明信息传递给患者的方式的进展D. show the advantages of portals over phone in releasing patients information D. 展示通过电话表达门户网站在发布患者信息方面的优势【答案】B【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到第五段“她知道从电子病历中获取令人震惊的消息是什么感觉。她说，这段经历影响了她的练习方式。”特雷德韦医生从

41、门户网站得到了丈夫的错误病例，因此B选项“举例说明通过门户网站向患者提供错误信息的潜在风险”正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“解释门户网站被非法访问的潜在风险”，文中没有提及属于无中生有；C选项“说明信息传递给患者的方式的进展”，作者想要表达主要是这个过程中出现的误解或问题，该选项属于无中生有；D选项“展示通过电话表达门户网站在发布患者信息方面的优势”，文中并没有进行比较，属于无中生有。7. 单选题The doctor said his new strategy had started to（ ）, predicting that the patients condition would impro

42、ve in the coming months.问题1选项A.pay offB.pick upC.show upD.sort out【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. pay off 付清；取得成功 B. pick up 学会；获得；染上疾病C. show up 露面；揭露 D. sort out 挑选；分类【答案】A【考查点】词组辨析。【解题思路】医生说他的新策略已经开始他预测病人的病情将在未来几个月好转。由本句后半句句意“病人的病情将在未来几个月好转”可知新策略已经生效、取得成功了，所以A选项“付清，取得成功”符合句意。【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项均不符合句意。【句意】医生说他的新策略已经

43、开始生效，他预测病人的病情将在未来几个月好转。8. 单选题问题1选项A.To show more love.B.To be together with his family.C.To love more strangers.D.To be happier.问题2选项A.In thirties.B.In mid-forties.C.Before fifty.D.After fifty.问题3选项A.lt is from his twenties to his mid-forties.B.lt is after his kids left home.C.it is when his wife la

44、ughed.D.lt is a period full of stress and fulfillment.【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:D【解析】第1题:针对提问，这个男性的回答是“I wish I had loved more, being more open about my feelings for new people, and more affectionate with those already in my life（我希望我曾经爱过更多的人，对新认识的人更开放，对那些已经在我生命中的人更深情）”，总体说来就是“表达更多的爱”，因此A选项正确。第2题:对话中提到“reac

45、hes the bottom in their mid-40s（在40多岁达到最低点）”，因此B选项正确。第3题:对话最后，这个男性这样描述“they were stressful and chaotic, but so wonderful and fulfilling（这个时期压力很大，很混乱，但却很精彩，很有成就感）”，因此D选项正确。9. 单选题问题1选项A.MinorB.Moderate.C.Intense.D.Severe.【答案】A【解析】10. M: How strong is the pain exactly? On a scale of 1 to 10, how would

46、you describe the intensity of the pain?W: Id say the pain is about one on a scale of 1 to 10. Like I say, its not really bad. It just keeps coming back.Q: Which of the following would best describe the womans pain?【试题答案】A【试题解析】事实细节题。题干为：以下哪个最能准确描述这个女士的伤痛？由文中“Id say the pain is about one on a scale o

47、f 1 to 10. Like I say, its not really bad.（我想说痛感是1到10等级的第一级。就像我说的，并不算很痛）”，可知A选项“Minor（轻度）”符合原文。B选项“中等的”；C选项“强烈的”；D选项“剧烈的”不符合原文。10. 单选题2.问题1选项A.She bears noises in her ears day and night.B.She has been overworking for a long time.C.Her right ear, hurt in an accident, is troubling her.D.Her ear rings

48、are giving her trouble day and night.【答案】A【解析】W: My ears are always ringing. Day and night I cant sleep.M: Which is your bad ear?W: My right ear hurts.Q: Why does the woman have trouble sleeping?【解析】女士在对话中说到难以入眠是因为My ears are always ringing（耳朵一直有噪音）。11. 单选题9.问题1选项A.Diarrhea.B.Vomiting.C.Nausea.D.A c

49、old.【答案】C【解析】M: Im so sick in my stomach! W: Thats too bad. Have you been to the toilet? Any diarrhea dari or vomiting? M: Ive been to the toilet twice. But no diarrhea or vomiting. Perhaps I should drink something. Can I have a cup of hot tea? Q: What is the man suffering from? 【解析】推断题。男士说：Im so si

50、ck in my stomach（我只是有点反胃），故选C。12. 单选题21-25问题1选项A.A new concept of diabetes.B.The definition of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes.C.The new management of diabetics in the hospital.D.The new development of non-perishable insulin pills.问题2选项A.Because it vaporizes easily.B.Because it becomes overactive easily.

51、C.Because it is usually in injection form.D.Because it is not stable above 40 degrees Fahrenheit.问题3选项A.The diabetics can be cured without taking synthetic insulin any longer.B.The findings provide insight into how insulin works.C.Insulin can be more stable than it is now.D.Insulin can be produced n

52、aturally.问题4选项A.It is stable at room temperature for several years.B.It is administered directly into the bloodstream.C.It delivers glucose from blood to the cells.D.It is more chemically complex.25.问题5选项A.Why insulin is not stable at room temperature.B.How important it is to understand the chemical

53、 bonds of insulin.C.Why people with Type1 and Type 2 diabetes dont produce enough insulin.D.What shape insulin takes when it unlocks the cells to take sugar form blood.【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:B第4题:A第5题:D【解析】(21) A team of Australian chemistry students have strengthened the chemical bonds of insulin to mak

54、e it stable even at warm temperaturesa breakthrough that could simplify diabetes management. The finding could shed light on how insulin works and eventually lead to insulin pills, rather than injections or pumps. (22) Insulin needs to be kept cold because it is made of weak chemical bonds that degr

55、ade at temperatures above 40 degrees Fahrenheit, making it inactive. But using a series of chemical reactions, the research team, comprised of students from Monash University in Australia, replaced the unstable bonds with stronger, carbon-based ones. The stronger bonds stabilize the insulins two pro

56、tein chains without interfering with its natural activity, according to a story about the findings at SciGuru. (24) The so-called “dicarba” insulins were stable at room temperature for several years, SciGuru says. (23) Even more promising is that the findings provide insight into how insulin works.P

57、eople with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes do not produce enough insulin, whether its the result of an auto-immune disorder that stops producing it entirely (Type 1) or a condition brought on by other factors like obesity, in which the body can no longer use it properly (Type 2). Insulin is the mechanism

58、 that delivers glucose from the blood to the cells, so diabetics must take a synthetic form of the hormone. (25) When insulin unlocks cells to allow sugar to be taken up from the blood, the hormones shape changesbut no one is sure what the shape looks like. If researchers knew that shape, they could

59、 design smaller; less-complex versions of insulin that dont use proteins. Then it could be administered in pill form rather than directly into the bloodstream. Understanding the molecules chemical bonds is a step toward unlocking that shape, the researchers say.21. What is the main idea of the talk?

60、【解析】文章开头即给出了主旨：一组澳大利亚的化学系学生强化了胰岛素的化学键，以使其在高温下也能稳定。故选D。22. Why does insulin need to be kept cold, according to the talk?【解析】根据文章信息，胰岛素的化学结构较弱，在高温下会使胰岛素失效。故选D。23. What makes the research more promising?【解析】根据原文信息可以得知：研究结果更有助于了解胰岛素是如何发挥效用的，故选B。24. What is true about the new type of insulin?【解析】根据原文信息可以

61、得知：这种新型胰岛素可以在室温下放置几年（不变质），故选A。25. What is unknown to the scientists, according to the talk?【解析】原文中提到当胰岛素“打开”细胞，让血液中的葡萄糖进入细胞时，荷尔蒙的形态随之改变，但无人知晓其形态是什么样的。故选D。13. 单选题2.问题1选项A.Tuberculosis(肺结核).B.Rhinitis(鼻炎).C.Laryngitis (喉炎).D.Flu.【答案】D【解析】W: Good afternoon, doctor. I have a terrible headache. Yesterday

62、 I had a runny nose. Now my nose is stuffed up. M: Let me give you an examination. First, let me have a look at your throat. Ok, now let me examine your chest. Do you have a history of tuberculosis? W: No, I dont think so. M: Your throat is inflamed and your tongue is thickly coated. You have all the symtoms of influenza. Q: What is the woman suffering from? 【解析】