2022年考博英语-华东交通大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷7

《2022年考博英语-华东交通大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷7》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年考博英语-华东交通大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷7（17页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、2022年考博英语-华东交通大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 翻译题Modern science, particularly physics, is being forced, under pressure of its own advances, to acknowledge that the truths it offers are true not in an absolute but in a poetic sense, that its laws are contingent, that its facts are a kind of metaphor. Of cou

2、rse, art and science are fundamentally different in their methods, and in their ends. The doing of science involves a level of rigor unattainable to art. A scientific hypothesis can be proven or, perhaps more importantly, disproven but a poem, a picture, or a piece of music, cannot. Yet in their ori

3、gins art and science are remarkably similar.【答案】现代科学，尤其是物理学，在自身进步的压力下，被迫承认它所提供的真理不是绝对的，而是诗意的，它的规律是偶然的，它的事实是一种隐喻。当然，艺术和科学在方法上、在目的上是根本不同的。科学所涉及的严格程度是艺术所无法企及的。一个科学假设可以被证明或者，也许更重要的是，被否定但一首诗、一幅画或一首音乐却不能。然而，艺术和科学在其起源上是非常相似的。2. 单选题The machine needs a complete（ ）since it has been in use for over ten years.问

4、题1选项A.amendingB.fittingC.mendingD.renovating【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项amending（amend的现在分词形式）“修改”；B选项fitting“配件，安装”；C选项mending“修补”；D选项renovating“更新，修补”。根据句意可知，这个机器用了十几年，应该是需要修理，所以首先排除选项A和选项B；C选项mending多指修理机器，D选项多指翻新房屋建筑等，所以选项C更恰当。3. 单选题These books, which you can get at any bookstore, will give you（ ）you nee

5、d.问题1选项A.all the informationB.all the informationsC.all of informationD.all of the informations【答案】A【解析】考查名词复数形式。information是不可数名词，复数形式后面不能加s，所以B、D错误。all of后面接不可数名词时，名词前必须要有定冠词the，所以C错误。因此A选项all the information正确。4. 单选题You can arrive in London earlier for the meeting（ ）you dont mind taking the night

6、 train.问题1选项A.providedB.unlessC.thoughD.until【答案】A【解析】考查连词辨析。A选项provided“假如，倘若”；B选项unless“除非”；C选项though“尽管”；D选项until“直到”。根据句意：如果你不介意坐晚上的火车，那么你可以早点到达伦敦开会。后者是前者的条件，所以填入表示条件的连词provided,选项A正确。5. 单选题These goods are（ ）for export, though a few of them may be sold on the home market.问题1选项A.essentiallyB.comp

7、letelyC.necessarilyD.remarkably【答案】A【解析】考查副词词义辨析。A选项essentially“基本地”；B选项completely“完全地”；C选项necessarily“必要地”；D选项remarkably“显著地”。句意：这些货物主要用于出口，但也有一些可能在国内市场销售。本句表示货物基本上用于出口，部分在国内销售。因此A选项正确。6. 单选题Signs warned that the trail was（ ）even in good weather conditions, so only experienced and well-equipped hik

8、ers should attempt it.问题1选项A.affluentB.wholesomeC.treacherousD.incurable【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项affluent“丰富的”；B选项wholesome“健全的”；C选项treacherous“危险的”；D选项incurable“不能治愈的”。句意：指示牌上写着，即使在天气条件好的情况下，这条小路也是危险的，所以只有经验丰富、装备精良的徒步旅行者才能尝试。本句表示小路很危险。因此C选项正确。7. 单选题She became the first woman to enter the school but wi

9、thdraw after a few days（ ）stress.问题1选项A.in honor ofB.because ofC.in spite ofD.instead of【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项in honor of“向.致敬”，B选项because of“因为，由于”，C选项in spite of“尽管，即使”，D选项instead of“代替，而不是”。句意:她成为第一个进入这所学校但几天后因压力而退出的女性。因此，B选项符合句意。8. 单选题Inquiries（ ）the condition of patients may be made personally or

10、by telephone.问题1选项A.regardingB.consideringC.followingD.relating【答案】A【解析】考查介词辨析。A选项 regarding“关于，至于”，B选项considering“考虑到，就.而言”，C选项following“意为下述，由于”，D选项relating“关联，联系”，句意：有关病人情况的询问可亲自或电话询问。因此，A选项符合句意。9. 单选题The athlete has been accused of（ ）his performance with illegal drugs, but he firmly denies the c

11、harges.问题1选项A.enhancingB.tenderingC.dilutingD.dispensing【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项enhancing“提高”；B选项tendering“提议”；C选项diluting“稀释”；D选项dispensing“配发”。句意：这位运动员被指控使用违禁药物提高成绩，但他坚决否认这些指控。本句表示提高成绩。因此A选项正确。10. 单选题In the light of the current situation, I have to review my plans.问题1选项A.Throwing light onB.In line wi

12、thC.In accordance withD.In terms of【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项Throwing light on“阐明”；B选项In line with“符合”；C选项In accordance with“依照”；D选项In terms of“在方面”。句意：鉴于目前的形势，我得重新考虑我的计划。划线部分In the light of是根据、按照的意思。因此C选项正确。11. 单选题There are Americans who visit France and come back saying “the French are so rude. ”I feel d

13、ifferently. I think Americans perceive French behavior “rude” because it doesnt follow American rules. You cant assume that everyone in France should speak English. You cant approach a French stranger with a big American hello and “how are you” and expect them to respond in kind. However, if you loo

14、k them in the eye, give a slight nod with a gentle hello, they will respond favorably.Most French people I meet are subtle and dignified. They are not loud, and they are reserved in their expressions. We like to say words like “great”, “magnificent”, or “marvelous ”The French will say “pas mal” (not

15、 bad) even if they win the lottery! And you will be wrong if you think Europeans dont have their own negative idea of Americans. Most young Europeans Ive met view Americans as “fake” and loud, since we do tend to have big hellos and smiles for strangers and ask “how are you” and walk away before a r

16、esponse. We should make a conscious effort to show the French that we can adjust to our surroundings, and that we dont expect to enter a foreign country and have everything be just as we wish it to be.I wasnt able to completely forget my American roots during my stay. I was still the one getting str

17、ange looks wearing my sandals in the cold (with socks of course). I was still the one with the loudest laugh. And I could never quite get my voice to that level which is “loud enough for the waiter to hear but not nearby diners” I will always feel a bit like an awkward teenager as I stumble my way a

18、round Europe. I was very lucky in that my French friends insisted my American idiosyncrasies (习性) were charming and deserving of acceptance.So look at the French in a new light. They have a rich culture, a rich past. I can attest to the fact that if you are kind and polite, you will gain friends, an

19、d perhaps even improve foreign relations!1. According to the passage, what makes Americans think that the French are rude?2.Compared with Americans, the French tend to（ ）when they give compliments.3.Which of the flowing does the author probably agree?4.The main purpose of the passage can be best put

20、 as to（ ）.问题1选项A.The way French people greet strangers in public is impolite and unkind.B.The way French people behave differs from what Americans are used to.C.Few French hold a friendly or favorable attitude toward English speakers.D.Few French respond to strangers gentle and kind greetings favora

21、bly.问题2选项A.speak at a loud and dignified voiceB.avoid using negative expressionsC.choose subtle and moderate expressionsD.be generous and somewhat exaggerating问题3选项A.One should stick to his own culture when he communicates with foreigners.B.One should fully adapt to the cultural norms of a foreign c

22、ountry he lives in.C.One can keep some rules of his native culture when living in a foreign county.D.One can easily make friends with foreigners by learning their idiosyncrasies问题4选项A.explain a cultural concept by comparing two peoples behaviorsB.tell a true story based on the authors own experience

23、 in a foreign countryC.prove a popular view on a nation by use of logical reasoningD.refute a national stereotype with evidence from the authors own experience【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:C第4题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干定位到原文第一段“I think Americans perceive French behavior rude because it doesnt follow American rules.”我认为

24、美国人认为法国人的行为“粗鲁”，因为它不遵守美国的规则。A选项“法国人与陌生人在公众场合打招呼的方式是不礼貌和不友好的”，B选项“法国人与美国人的行为方式所习惯的不同”，C选项“很少有法国人对说英语的人持友好或有利的态度”。D选项“很少有法国人会亲切地问候陌生人”。因此，B选项符合题意。2.细节事实题。根据题干定位到第二段首句“Most French people I meet are subtle and dignified.”A选项“大声而庄重的说话”，B选项“避免使用消极的表达”，C选项“选择微妙和适度的表达”。D选项“慷慨一点，夸张一点”。因此，C选项符合题意。3.判断推理题。根据题干

25、定位到原文中的“I wasnt able to completely forget my American roots during my stay. I was still the one getting strange looks wearing my sandals in the cold (with socks of course).” 在逗留期间，我没能完全忘记我的美国根。我仍然是那个在寒冷的天气里穿着凉鞋(当然是袜子)，被别人奇怪地看着的人。对应C选项“一个人在异国他乡生活时，可以保持一些本国文化的规则”。A选项“当一个人与外国人交流时，他应该坚持自己的文化”。“We should

26、 make a conscious effort to show the French that we can adjust to our surroundings, and that we dont expect to enter a foreign country and have everything be just as we wish it to be.”我们应该有意识地向法国人表明，我们能够适应我们的环境，我们不希望进入一个外国，一切都像我们希望的那样。可得知A选项错误。B选项“一个人应该完全适应他所生活的外国的文化规范”，完全适应过于绝对。D选项“通过了解外国人的性格特点，我们可

27、以很容易地和他们交朋友”。原文没有提到。因此，C选项符合题意。4.作者意图题。题目问的是这篇文章的主要目的最好的解释是什么，定位到文章的首段“There are Americans who visit France and come back saying the French are so rude. I feel differently. ”有些美国人到法国旅游回来后说:“法国人太粗鲁了。”我感觉不一样。后文也是用自己的亲身经历来反驳这些美国人的观点。A选项“通过比较两个人的行为来解释一个文化概念”，B选项“根据作者自己在国外的经历讲一个真实的故事”，C选项“用逻辑推理证明一个国家的流行观

28、点”，D选项“用作者自己的经验来反驳国家的刻板印象”。因此，D选项符合题意。12. 单选题Many objects in daily use have clearly been influenced by science, but their form and function, their dimensions and appearance were determined by technologists, artisans, designers, inventors, and engineers using nonscientific modes of thought. Many feat

29、ures and qualities of the objects that a technologist thinks about cannot be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions; they are dealt with in the mind by a visual, nonverbal process. In the development of Western technology, it has been nonverbal thinking, by and large, that has fixed the outlines

30、 and filled in the details, and rockets exist not because of geometry or thermodynamics, but because they were first a picture in the minds of those who built them.The creative shaping process of a technologists mind can be seen in nearly every artifact that exists. For example, in designing a diese

31、l engine, a technologist might impress individual ways of nonverbal thinking on the machine by continually using an intuitive sense of rightness and fitness. What would be the shape of the combustion chamber? Where should be the valves played? Should it have a long or short piston? Such questions ha

32、ve a range of answers that are supplied by experience, by physical requirements, by limitations of available space, and not least by a sense of form. Some decisions, such as wall thickness and pin diameter, may depend on scientific calculations, but the nonscientific component of design remains prim

33、ary.Design courses, then, should be an essential element in engineering curricula. Nonverbal thinking, a central mechanism in engineering design, involves perceptions, the stock in trade of the artist, not the scientist. Because perceptive processes are not assumed to entail “hard thinking”, nonverb

34、al thought is sometimes seen as a primitive stage in the development of cognitive process and inferior to verbal or mathematical thought. But it is paradoxical that when the staff of the Historic American Engineering Record wished to have drawings made of machines and isometric (等距) views of industr

35、ial processes for its historical record of American engineering, the only college students with the requisite abilities were not engineering students, but rather students attending architectural schools.If courses in design, which in a strongly analytical engineering curriculum provide the backgroun

36、d required for practical problem solving, are not provided, we can expect to encounter silly but costly errors occurring in advanced engineering systems. For example, early models of high speed railroad cars loaded with sophisticated controls were unable to operate in a snowstorm because a fan sucke

37、d snow into the electrical system. Absurd random failures that plague automatic control systems are not merely trivial aberrations, they are a reflection of the chaos that results when design is assumed to be primarily a problem in mathematics.1. According to the author, what is the use of nonscient

38、ific thinking?2.It can be inferred that the engineering curricula（ ）.3.By saying “paradoxical” in the third paragraph, the author points out that（ ）.4.Which of the following is probably in accordance with the authors idea?问题1选项A.Critical thinking may be derived from nonscientific thinking.B.Many fea

39、tures and qualities of an object can be imagined.C.Many objects are created with clear verbal descriptions.D.People from different trades may benefit from nonscientific thinking.问题2选项A.are strong despite the absence of nonscientific modes of thinkingB.should not emphasize nonverbal thinking in all c

40、oursesC.are thought to include verbal or mathematical courseD.can be strengthened when they include courses in design问题3选项A.engineering students do not understand the history of American engineeringB.engineering students should know more than architectural studentsC.engineering students should perce

41、ive and design better than architectural students doD.engineering students neglect the importance of drawings问题4选项A.Mathematical thinking is essential to any design course.B.Nonverbal thinking has its advantages over other perceptive processes.C.Engineering design demands scientific thought.D.Artist

42、s play a primitive role in engineering work.【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B【解析】1.推理判断题。由题干关键词“nonscientific thinking”可以定位到文章第一段第一句but their form and function, their dimensions and appearance were determined by technologists, artisans, designers, inventors, and engineers using nonscientific modes of thought

43、.（但它们的形式和功能、尺寸和外观是由技术人员、工匠、设计师、发明家和工程师用非科学的思维模式决定的。），说明各个行业的人都可以用到非科学的思维模式。因此D选项“不同行业的人可能从非科学思维中受益”正确。A选项“批判性思维可能来源于非科学思维”，文中没有提及批判性思维，所以A错误。B选项“一个物体的许多特征和品质是可以想象的”不是说的非科学性思维的用处，所以B错误。C选项“许多对象都是用清晰的语言描述创建的”，由原文Many features and qualities of the objects that a technologist thinks about cannot be redu

44、ced to unambiguous verbal descriptions（技术专家思考的对象的许多特征和品质不能简化为明确的语言描述），说明不能用清晰的语言描述创建，所以C错误。2.推理判断题。由题干关键词“engineering curricula”可以定位到文章第三段第一句Design courses, then, should be an essential element in engineering curricula.（因此，设计课程应该是工程课程的一个基本元素。），说明设计课程对于工程学课程来说很重要。因此D选项“如果工程学课程包括设计课的话，课程会得到加强”正确。A选项“尽

45、管缺乏非科学的思维模式，但仍然很强大”，由原文Nonverbal thinking, a central mechanism in engineering design, involves perceptions, the stock in trade of the artist, not the scientist.（非语言思维是工程设计的核心机制，它涉及到感知，是艺术家而非科学家的惯用手段。）可知工程学课程包含了非科学思维，所以A错误。B选项“不应在所有课程中强调非语言思维”，C选项“被认为包括语言或数学课程”在文中没有提及，所以B，C错误。3.语义推测题。由题干关键词“paradoxic

46、al”可以定位到文章第三段第四句But it is paradoxical that when the staff of the Historic American Engineering Record wished to have drawings made of machines and isometric views of industrial processes for its historical record of American engineering, the only college students with the requisite abilities were no

47、t engineering students, but rather students attending architectural schools.（但自相矛盾的是，当美国工程历史记录的工作人员希望让人画出机器的图纸和工业过程的等距视图，用于其对美国工程的历史记录时，具备必要能力的大学生却不是工科生，而是就读于建筑学院的学生。），说明要求非语言思维的工程专业学生本应该有更好的感知和设计能力，但他们却不如建筑学院的学生，这是自相矛盾的。因此C选项“工程专业的学生应该比建筑专业的学生更好地感知和设计”正确。A选项“工程专业的学生不了解美国工程的历史”，B选项“工程专业的学生应该比建筑专业的学生

48、懂得更多”，D选项“工程专业的学生忽视了图纸的重要性”都不是作者想指出的内容，所以A，B，D错误。4.观点态度题。A选项“数学思维对任何设计课程都是必不可少的”，由原文they are a reflection of the chaos that results when design is assumed to be primarily a problem in mathematics.（当设计被认为主要是一个数学问题时，它们反映了产生的混乱。），说明数学思维对于设计来说不是必不可少的，所以A错误。C选项“工程设计需要科学的思想”，由原文可知作者强调的是非科学思维，所以C错误。D选项“艺术家

49、在工程工作中扮演着原始的角色”在文中没有提及所以D错误。B选项“非语言思维比其他知觉过程有优势”，由原文可知在很多方面都需要用到非语言思维，说明作者认为非语言思维是有优势的，所以B选项最能代表作者的观点。13. 单选题The role of a professional（ ）is to help two parties solve conflict or appease dispute through skillful use of language.问题1选项A.senatorB.supervisorC.negotiatorD.mediator【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项senat

50、or“参议员”，B选项supervisor“监督人，指导者”，C选项negotiator“谈判人，协商者”，D选项mediator“调停者”，句意：专业谈判者的作用是通过熟练运用语言来帮助双方解决冲突或平息争端。因此，C选项符合句意。14. 单选题Assimilating the report in computing requires much time, for Im not specialized in this field.问题1选项A.DigestingB.IncorporatingC.ImitatingD.Compiling【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项Digestin

51、g“消化”；B选项Incorporating“包含”；C选项Imitating“模仿”；D选项Compiling“编辑”。句意：消化这篇计算方面的报告要花很多时间，因为我不是这方面的专家。划线部分Assimilating是消化、吸收的意思。因此A选项正确。15. 单选题People will be looking in to see how good we are now and whether our success has just been a（ ）in the pan.问题1选项A.flareB.glitterC.sparkD.flash【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项flare

52、“闪耀”；B选项glitter“灿烂”；C选项spark“火花”；D选项flash“闪光”。句意：人们会来看看我们现在有多好，我们的成功是否只是昙花一现。flash in the pan，固定搭配，“昙花一现”。因此D选项正确。16. 单选题Its time you（ ）some reading or the other students will leave you behind.问题1选项A.got down toB.adapted toC.held on toD.attended to【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项got down to“开始认真”；B选项adapted to“适

53、应于”；C选项held on to“坚持”；D选项attended to“注意”。句意：你该认真读书了，否则其他学生就会把你甩在后面。本句表示开始认真读书。因此A选项正确。17. 单选题As a member or the society, a person should be responsible for and dedicate to the society.问题1选项A.answer forB.account forC.charge forD.compensate for【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项answer for“对负责”；B选项account for“对做出解释”；C

54、选项charge for“要价”；D选项compensate for“赔偿”。句意：作为社会的一员，一个人应该对社会负责，为社会奉献。划线部分be responsible for是对负责的意思。因此A选项正确。18. 单选题The indomitable spirit displayed by athletes embodies the new look of this nation.问题1选项A.specificB.unsubduableC.determinedD.industrious【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项specific“特定的”；B选项unsubduable“不屈

55、不挠的”；C选项determined“坚决的”；D选项industrious“勤勉的”。句意：运动员们不屈不挠的精神体现了这个国家的新面貌。划线部分indomitable是不屈不挠的意思。因此B选项正确。19. 单选题The temperature of the atmosphere becomes colder as elevation increases.问题1选项A.altitudeB.aptitudeC.latitudeD.longitude【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项altitude“海拔”；B选项aptitude“天资”；C选项latitude“纬度”；D选项long

56、itude“经度”。句意：海拔越高，大气温度越低。划线部分elevation是海拔的意思。因此A选项正确。20. 单选题Our civilization cannot be thought of as（ ）in a short period of time.问题1选项A.to have been createdB.to be createdC.having been createdD.being created【答案】C【解析】考查被动语态。as在这里是介词，后面应接名词性质的词，排除A、B，create的动作是过去发生的，应该用过去时态，排除D。句意：不应把我们的文明看作是短期内创造出来的。因此C选项正确。