2022年考博英语-电子科技大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷58

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1、2022年考博英语-电子科技大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题 ）the afternoon.问题1选项A.regainedB.recoveredC.restoredD.revived【答案】A【解析】句意:股票交易市场上的股票在早上大幅下跌，但在下午却小幅上涨。考查动词辨析。四个选项均为对应动词的过去式。regain 恢复,收回（不及物动词）上涨；recover 恢复,弥补,重新获得；restore 恢复,还原;revive 复兴,苏醒,恢复精祌。根据前面句意以及表转折的but可知A符合句意。2. 单选题The TV program is so（ ）that I can

2、t move my eyes away from the screen.问题1选项A.freestandingB.devastatingC.compellingD.fascinating【答案】D【解析】句意:这个电视节目如此吸引人,以至于我眼睛不能从屏幕上移开。考查形容词辨析。freestanding 独立式的;devastating 毁灭性的;compelling 引人注目的,强制的,激发兴趣的;fascinating 迷人的,吸引人的,使人祌魂颠倒的。由后半句句意可知D正确。3. 单选题In the United States, older people rarely live with

3、 their adult children. But in many other cultures children are expected to care（1）their aged parents. In some parts of Italy, the percentage of adult children who（2） with their parents（3）65 to 70 percent. In Thailand, too, children are expected to care for their elderly parents; few Thai elderly liv

4、e（4）.What explains these differences in living arrangements（5）cultures? Modernization theory（6） the extended family household to low levels of economic development. In traditional societies, the elderly live with their children in large extended family units for economic reasons. But with modernizat

5、ion, children move to urban areas, leaving old people（7）in (8) rural areas. Yet modernization theory cannot explain why extended family households were never common in the United States or England, or why families in Italy, which is fully modernized,（9）a strong tradition of intergenerational living.

6、 Clearly, economic development alone cannot explain（10）living arrangements.Another theory associated intergenerational living arrangements with inheritance patterns. In some cultures, the stem family pattern of inheritance（11） . （12）this system, parents live with a married child, usually the oldest

7、son, who then（13）their property when they die. The stem family system was once common in Japan, but changes in inheritance laws, (14) broader social changes brought（15） by industrialization and urbanization, have（16）the（17）. In 1960 about 80 percent of Japanese over 65 lived with their children; by

8、1990 only 60 percent dida figure that is still high（18）U.S. standards, but which has been（19）steadily. In Korea, too, traditional living arrangements are（20）: the percentage of aged Koreans who live with a son declined from 77 percent in 1984 to 50 percent just 10 years later. Although most elderly

9、Koreans still expect to live with a son, their adult children do not expect to live with their children when they grow old.问题1选项A.aboutB.afterC.forD.over问题2选项A.resideB.reciteC.redeemD.rebel问题3选项A.amassesB.amountsC.attainsD.reaches问题4选项A.loneB.aloneC.lonesomeD.lonely问题5选项A.overB.acrossC.withinD.above

10、问题6选项A.associatedB.linkedC.unitedD.combined问题7选项A.asideB.afterC.overD.behind问题8选项A.isolatedB.segregatedC.idealizedD.secluded问题9选项A.maintainB.promoteC.reserveD.support问题10选项A.appointedB.assignedC.preservedD.preferred问题11选项A.controlsB.overtakesC.predominatesD.overwhelms问题12选项A.atB.underC.byD.over问题13选

11、项A.deliversB.conveysC.conceivesD.inherits问题14选项A.as well asB.might as wellC.as wellD.well as问题15选项A.offB.upC.aroundD.about问题16选项A.underminedB.decreasedC.diminishedD.defeated问题17选项A.authorityB.usageC.habitD.tradition问题18选项A.byB.onC.withD.in问题19选项A.incliningB.recliningC.decliningD.reducing问题20选项A.rece

12、dingB.removingC.invadingD.eroding【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:B第6题:B第7题:D第8题:A第9题:A第10题:D第11题:C第12题:B第13题:D第14题:A第15题:D第16题:A第17题:D第18题:A第19题:C第20题:D【解析】1.固定搭配。Care about 担心,关心;care for 照顾；没有care after 和care over这样的搭配。2.动词辨析。Reside 居住在,定居于; recite背诵,叙述；redeem 赎回,挽回；rebel 反叛,反抗。此处表示“与住在一起”,故选A。3.动词辨析。

13、amass 积聚，积累；amount 总计，合计；相当于，共计，amount to 相当于，总共达到;attain （通过努力）获得，达到（目的）；reach 达到，影响，抵达，伸出；由空格后“65 to 70 percent (65%至70%)”可知D符合句意。4.形容词辨析。lone（adj.）单身的，独自的，寂寞的；alone （adj.）独自的，单独的，孤独的；（adv.）独自地，单独地；lonesome 寂寞的，人迹稀少的；lonely 寂寞的，偏僻的。空格前为动词live(生活),因此空格处应为副词。故选B。5.固定搭配。across culture 跨文化的。其余选项为: ove

14、r 越过，在之上；within 在之内；above 超过，在上面。6.短语辨析。associate 联想，使联合，使发生联系，常与介词with搭配，associate with 联合；与联系在一起，和来往；link 连接起来，将人或物连接或联系起来，常与介词to搭配，link to 链接到，把和联系起来;unite 使混合，使联合，使团结，常与with搭配。unite with 联合，混合；combine 使化合，使联合，使结合，常与with搭配，combine with 与结合。题目中空格处与后面介词to搭配,因此选B。7.短语辨析。由空格前句意“但是由于现代化,子女搬到城市地区”可知这里表

15、示“从而将老年人留在了农村”。Leave behind 留下。其余选项构成的搭配为:leave aside 搁置,不考虑;leave after 无此搭配;leave over 推迟,延期。8.形容词辨析。isolated 孤立的,分离的,单独的；segregated 被隔离的（常用于种族隔离）；idealized 理想化的；secluded 隐蔽的,隐退的,隐居的。此处句意为:但是由于现代化，子女搬到城市地区,将老人留在了孤立的农村。因此A符合句意。、9.动词辨析。maintain 维持,维修,主张;promote 促进,推销,发扬;reserve储备,保留,预约;support支持,支撑,

16、赡养。此处句意为:或者为什么彻底现代化的意大利家庭仍然保持着一种强烈的代际生活传统。因此A符合句意。10.形容词辨析。appointed 约定的,指定的;assigned 指定的,已分配的;preserved得到保存的,腌制的;preferred 更可取的,更喜欢的。此空前一句句意为: 或者为什么彻底现代化的意大利家庭仍然保持着一种强烈的代际生活传统。因此此处表示 “显然,单靠经济发展不能解释更喜欢的生活安排”。故D符合句意。11.动词辨析。四个选项均是对应动词的三单形式。control 控制,管理;overtake 赶上,突然来袭;predominate 占支配地位,主宰;overwhelm

17、 淹没,压倒,受打击。根据后面句子中的“The stem family system was once common in Japan(这种继承式的家庭体系曾经在日本是普遍的)”可知C符合句意。12.固定搭配。under this system 在这个体系下。13.动词辨析。这里表示“继承遗产”。四个选项均为对应动词的三单形式。Deliver 交付,发表,递送;convey 传达,运输;conceive 构思,以为;inherit 继承。故选D。14.固定搭配。由全格前“changes in inheritance laws继承法的变化”与全格后“broader social changes更

18、广泛的社会变化”的对应知这里指代“更广泛的社会变化也”,故选A。15.短语辨析。这里指代 “工业化和城镇化所带来的更广泛的社会变化”, bring about 带来。其他选项分别为: bring off 完成,救出;bring up提出,养育,呕出,（船等）停下;bring around 使信服;使转向,使复原。16.动词辨析。四个选项均为对应动词的过去分词形式。undermine破坏，渐渐破坏;decrease 减少,减小;diminish 使减少,使变小;defeat 战胜,挫败。空格后句意为: 在1960年，大约80%的年龄超过65岁的日本人与自己的子女生活在一起；到1990年时只有60

19、%年龄超过65岁的日本人与自己的 子女生活在一起,因此这里表示“传统正受到逐渐破坏”,故A符合句意。17.名词辨析。authority 权威,权力;usage 使用,用法;habit 习惯,习性;tradition 惯例,传统。空格后句意为: 在1960年，大约80%的年龄超过65岁的日本人与自己的子女生活在一起；到1990年时只有60%年龄超过65岁的日本人与自己的 子女生活在一起,因此这里表示“传统正受到逐渐破坏”,故D符合句意。18.固定搭配。by standard 按标准。19.动词辨析。选项均为对应动词的现在分词形式。incline 倾斜,倾向,易于;recline 靠,依赖;dec

20、line 减少,下降,衰落;reduce削减,缩减。由空格后句子句意“韩国老人与自己儿子生活在一起的比例从1984年的77%下降到仅十年后的50%”可知C符合句意。20.动词辨析。选项均为对应动词的现在分词形式。recede撤回,减弱;remove 移动,迁移,删除;invade 侵略,侵扰,涌入;erode 腐蚀,损害,削弱。由空格后句意“韩国老人与自己儿子生活在一起的比例从1984年的77%下降到仅十年后的50%”可知这里表示 “传统的生活安排正受到损害”。故D符合句意。4. 单选题The government（ ）the diplomatic note from Japan for it

21、s unclear attitude to the trade between two countries.问题1选项A.deniedB.refusedC.rejectedD.objected【答案】C【解析】句意:因日本在两国间的贸易问题上态度不明确，该政府拒绝了日本的外交照会。考查动词辨析。deny 否认，否定；refuse 拒绝别人的请求、帮助、邀请等，是普通用语；reject 拒绝接受，不予考虑；object 反对，不赞成，与介词to搭配。故选C。5. 单选题It is an offence to show（ ）against people of different races.问题1

22、选项A.distinctionB.differenceC.separationD.discrimination【答案】D【解析】句意:对不同种族的人表现出歧视是一种冒犯。考查名词辨析。distinction区别，特性;difference差异，不同;separation分离，距离;discrimination歧视，区别，辨别。故D符合句意。6. 单选题The company expanded its business into Europe, hoping to（ ）.问题1选项A.boostB.encourageC.urgeD.accelerate【答案】A【解析】句意:这家公司把它的业务扩

23、展到了欧洲,希望能够增加市场份额。考查动词辨析。Boost 使增长,使兴旺,偷窃; encourage鼓励,激励; urge催促,驱策; accelerate 加快,加速。空格的宾语为“its market share (市场份额)”,因此A符合句意。7. 单选题The（ ）from Africas booming oil sales rarely reaches the people who live where the oil is produced.问题1选项A.currencyB.revenueC.tariffD.exchange【答案】B【解析】句意:非洲蓬勃发展的石油销售收入很少到

24、达在石油生产地生活的人的手中。考查名词辨析。Currency通货,货币,通用,流行; revenue财政收入,税收收入,收益; tariff关税,(旅馆、饭店或服务公司的)价目表,收费表; exchange交流,兑换。因此B符合句意。8. 单选题Stars twinkle（ ）the turbulent state of the air through which their light passes.问题1选项A.in spite ofB.as a result ofC.in addition toD.with regard to【答案】B【解析】句意:星星的闪烁是由星光穿过湍流状态的空气而

25、形成的。考查短语辨析。in spite of 尽管，不管，不顾；as a result of 因此，由于；in addition to 除之外；with regard to 关于，至于。因此B符合句意。9. 单选题I couldnt be present myself, but I sent my（ ）to the meeting.问题1选项A.delegateB.specimenC.representativeD.representation【答案】C【解析】句意:我本人不能亲自出席，可我派了代表出席会议。考查名词辨析。Delegate 代表，代表团成员，指委派到别处代某一机构或某 （些）人

26、行事的人；specimen 样本，抽样；representative 代表，代销人，词义较广，可指选 举或委派的代表，还可表示某一种人的代表人物；representation表现，陈述。根据前半句句意可知C符合句意。10. 单选题Wagner once（ ）with another musician to compose a piece of music that was popular with the young people.问题1选项A.mergedB.constitutedC.partitionedD.collaborated【答案】D【解析】句意:瓦格纳曾与另一位音乐家合作创作了一

27、首深受年轻人欢迎的音乐。考查动词辨析。选项均为对应动词的过去式。merge合并，吞没;constitute组成，建立；partition 分割，分隔，区分；collaborate 合作，勾结，通敌。11. 单选题After having discussed the matter with the bank manger, Peter（ ）received his Ioan.问题1选项A.instantlyB.instinctivelyC.causallyD.inexpertly【答案】A【解析】句意:在与银行经理讨论这件事后，Peter即刻就得到了贷款。考查副词辨析。instantly立刻，立

28、即，马上；instinctively 本能地；causally 随便地，偶然地，临吋地；inexpertly 外行地，不熟练地。因此A符合句意。12. 单选题The philosophy teacher was indeed amazed by the students（ ）in handing the computer.问题1选项A.availabilityB.probabilityC.variabilityD.versatility【答案】D【解析】句意:这位哲学老师的确为这些学生在操控计算机上的多才多艺感到惊讶。考查名词辨析。Availability 可利用，可用性，有用（效）性；pro

29、bability可能性，机率；variability 可变性，变异性；versatility 多功能性，多才多艺，用途广泛。因此D符合句意。13. 单选题It will be safer to walk the streets because people will not need to carry large amounts of cash; virtually all financial （ ）will be conducted by computer.问题1选项A.transmissionsB.transitionsC.transactionsD.transformations【答案】

30、C【解析】句意:事实上，所有的资金交易都将由计算机来处理，人们将不需要携带大量的现金，所以在街上闲逛将会更安全。考查名词辨析。transmission传送，传递，传达，传播，传染；transition 过渡，转变，转换；transaction 交易，事务；transformation 转化，转换，改革，变形。由句意“人们将不需要携带大量的现金”可知C正确。14. 单选题“Which coat did your husband buy?” “The black one, but I（ ）the green one.”问题1选项A.would rather have boughtB.would r

31、ather buyC.would have rather boughtD.rather had bought【答案】A【解析】句意:“你的丈夫买了哪一件外套？ ”“黑色的那件外套，但我宁愿买绿色的那件。”语法题。考查虚拟语气。这里表示对过去已发生事情的假设,所以表示对过去的虚拟: would rather have+done。故选A。15. 单选题The ideal companion machinethe computer would not only look, feel, and sound friendly but would also be programmed to behave

32、in a pleasant manner. Those qualities make interaction comfortable, and yet the machine would remain slightly unpredictable and therefore interesting. In its first encounter it might be somewhat hesitant, but as it came to know the user it would progress to a more relaxed and intimate style. The mac

33、hine would not be a passive participant but would add its own suggestions, information, and opinions; it would sometimes take the initiative in developing or changing the topic and would have a personality of its own.Friendships are not made in a day, and the computer would be more acceptable as a f

34、riend if it imitated the gradual changes that occur when one person is getting to know another. At an appropriate time it might also express the kind of affection that stimulates attachment and intimacy. The whole process would be accomplished in a subtle way to avoid giving an impression of over-fa

35、miliarity that would be likely to produce irritation. After experiencing a wealth of powerful, well-timed friendship indicators, the user would be very likely to accept the computer as far more than a machine and might well come to regard it as a friend.An artificial relationship of this type would

36、provide many of the benefits that could continue from previous discussions. It would have a familiarity with the users life as revealed in earlier contact, and it would be understanding and good-humored. The computers own personality would be lively and impressive, and it would develop in response t

37、o that of the user. With features such as these, the machine might indeed become a very attractive social partner.1. Which of the following is not a feature of the ideal companion machine?2. The computer would develop friendships with humans in a (an)（ ）way.3. Which of the following aspects is not m

38、entioned when the passage discusses the benefits of artificial relationships?4. Throughout the passage, the author is（ ）in his attitude toward the computer.5. Which might be the most appropriate title of the passage?问题1选项A.Active in communicationB.Attractive in personalityC.Enjoyable in perfomianceD

39、.unpredictable in behavior问题2选项A.quickB.unpredictableC.productiveD.inconspicuous问题3选项A.Being able to pick up an interesting conversation.B.Being sensitive to earlier contact.C.Being ready to learn about the persons life.D.Having a pleasant and adaptable personality.问题4选项A.favorableB.criticalC.vagueD

40、.hesitant问题5选项A.Artificial RelationshipsB.How to Form Intimate RelationshipsC.The Affectionate MachineD.Humans and Computers【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:B第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。A:在交流上是生动的,第一段指出: The machine would not be a passive participant but would add its own suggestions, information, and opinions (这个机械将不是被

41、动的参与者，而将会增加自己的建议、信息和意见),由此可知A项属于理想伴侣机械的特点。B:在个性上有吸引力, 由最后一段中“The computers own personality would be lively and impressive.( 这个电脑自己的个性将是充满生气且令人印象深刻)可知B项属于理想伴侣机械的特点。C:在表现上令人愉快,第一段指出: The ideal companion machinethe computer would not only look, feel, and sound friendly but would also be programmed to b

42、ehave in a pleasant manner (想的伴侣机械（即电脑）将不仅仅在外表、感觉和声音上是友好的，且还会被编程去以令人愉快的方式来表现),因此C属于理想伴侣机械的特点。D:在行为上无法预测,由第一段中 “yet the machine would remain slightly unpredictable(但是这个机械（即电脑）也仍然稍微有些不可预测)”可知D不符合原文所述。因此选D。2.细节事实题。第二段指出: The whole process would be accomplished in a subtle way to avoid giving an impress

43、ion of over-familiarity that would be likely to produce irritation (这整个过程（即人与电脑之间友谊形成的过程）将会以一种微妙的方式来实现，以便避免去给出一个将可能引起恼怒的过度亲密的印象),因此D项“难以察觉的”正确。3.细节事实题。A:能发起一段有趣的对话,第一段指出: it would sometimes take the initiative in developing or changing the topic (它有时会主动提出或改变互动的活题),因此A项符合原文所述。B: 受先前的交流影响,文章并未提及。C: 准备

44、去了解人的生活,由第一段中“in its first encounter it might be somewhat hesitant, but as it came to know the user it would progress to a more relaxed and intimate style (在电脑首次与人进行互动时，它可能有些迟疑，但随着对使用者的了解，在互动吋它会变得更放松且亲密)”可知C项符合原文所述。D: 有一个令人喜欢且能随机应变的个性,最后一段指出: it would develop in response to that of the user. With fe

45、atures such as these, the machine might indeed become a very attractive social partner (它会相应使川者的性格来形成固己的性格。带着如这些样的性格，这个机械可能的确变成一个非常有吸引力的社会伙伴)。因此D符合原文所述。因此本题选B。4.观点态度题。从末段中“With features such as these, the machine might indeed become a very attractive social partner(因为这些特征,这个机械可能的确变成一个非常有吸引力的社会伙伴)”可以

46、看出作者持赞成的态度。故选A。5.主旨大意题。作者在第一段提出“有感情的机械”这个 话题及随后段落“阐述有感情的机械与人在友谊形成方式及这种人造友谊带来的好处,因此C项“有感情的机械”比较适合做文章标题。16. 单选题The men were full of（ ） because they thought their friends had been unjustly punished.问题1选项A.diagnosisB.indigestionC.indignationD.aggression【答案】C【解析】句意:这些人非常愤怒，因为他们认为他们的朋友受到了不公正的惩罚。考查名词辨析。dia

47、gnosis 诊断，结论；indigestion 消化不良，难理解；indignation愤怒，愤慨;aggression侵略。故C符合句意。17. 单选题A rapid means of long-distance transportation became a necessity for the United State as settlement spread ever farther westward. The early trains were impractical curiosities, and for a long time the railroad companies me

48、t with troublesome mechanical problems. The most serious ones were the construction of rails able to bear the load, and the development of a safe, affective stopping system. Once these were solved, the railroad was established as the best means of land transportation. By 1860 there were thousands of

49、 miles of railroads crossing the eastern mountain ranges and reaching westward to the Mississippi. There were also regional southern and western lines.The high point in railroad building came with the construction of the first transcontinental system. In 1862 Congress authorized two western railroad

50、 companies to build lines from Nebraska westward and from California eastward to a meeting point, so as to complete a transcontinental crossing linking the Atlantic seaboard with the Pacific. The Government helped the railroads generously with money and land. Actual work on this project began four y

51、ears later. The Central Pacific Company, starting from California, used Chinese labor, while the Union Pacific employed crews of Irish laborers. The two groups worked at remarkable speed, each trying to cover a greater distance than the other. In 1869 they met at aplace called Promontory in what is

52、now the state of Utah. Many visitors came there for the great occasion. There were joyous celebrations all over the country, with parades and the ringing of church bells to honor the great achievement.The railroad was very important in encouraging westward movement. It also helped build up industry

53、and farming by moving raw materials and by distributing products rapidly to distant markets. In linking towns and people to one another, it helped unify the United States.1. The major problems with Americas railroad system in the middle I9lh century lay in（ ）.2. The building of the first transcontin

54、ental system（ ）.3. The best title for this passage would be（ ）.4. The construction of the transcontinental railroad took（ ）.5. What most likely made people think about a transcontinental railroad?问题1选项A.poor quality rails and unreliable stopping systemsB.lack of financial support for developmentC.li

55、mited railroad linesD.lack of a transcontinental railroad问题2选项A.brought about a rapid growth of industry and farming in the westB.attracted many visitors to the construction sitesC.attracted laborers from EuropeD.encouraged people to travel all over the country问题3选项A.Settlements Spread WestwardB.The

56、 Coast-to-Coast Railroad: A Vital LinkC.American Railroad HistoryD.The Importance of Trains in the American Economy问题4选项A.9 yearsB.7 yearsC.4 yearsD.3 years问题5选项A.The possibility of government support for such a task.B.The need to explore Utah.C.The need to connect the east coast with the west.D.The

57、 need to develop the railroad industry in the west.【答案】第1题:A第2题:A第3题:B第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。第一段指出: The most serious ones were the construction of rails able to bear the load, and the development of a safe, affective stopping system (最严重的问题是建设能承重的铁轨和开发安全、有效的（火车）制动系统),由此可知A项“质量差的铁轨和不可靠的制动系统”正确。2.细节事实题

58、。最后一段指出: The railroad was very important in encouraging westward movement. It also helped build up industry and farming by moving raw materials and by distributing products rapidly to distant markets (在鼓励西进运动方 面,铁路（即美国的第一个横贯大陆的铁路）非常重要。它通过运输原材料和快 速地把产品分配到更远的市场也帮助加强了工业和农业（的发展）),由此可知A项 “带来了西部工业和农业的快速发展

59、”正确。3.主旨大意题。第一段提出:火车成为了美国陆地交通的最好方式,第二段讲述美国第一条横贯大陆铁路系统的修建。因此B项 “横贯大陆的铁路:重要的连接”适合作文章标题。4.判断推理题。第二段指出: In 1862 Congress authorized two western railroad companies to build lines from Nebraska westward and from California eastward to a meeting point, so as to complete a transcontinental crossing linking

60、the Atlantic seaboard with the Pacific (1862年,国会授权两家西部铁路公司建设从内布拉斯加州往西和从加利福尼亚州往东到一个汇聚点的铁路线,以便完成一条连接大西洋 沿岸和太平洋地区的横贯大陆的铁路线),以及: Actual work on this project began four years later (这个工程的实际工作在4年后开始),以及: In 1869 they met at a place called Promontory in what is now the state of Utah, many visitors came the

61、re for the great occasion (1869年,他们在如今犹他州一个名为普罗蒙特里的地方相遇,很多游客为了这伟大的吋刻而去那里),由此可知横贯大陆的铁路线建设时间为18661869年,供3年,故选D。5.判断推理题。第二段指出: so as to complete a transcontinental crossing linking the Atlantic seaboard with the Pacific (以便完成一条连接大西洋沿岸（即文中指代的美国东海岸）和太平洋地区（即文中指代的美国西部）的横贯大陆的铁路线),故选C“需要连接东海岸和西部”。18. 单选题Many people nowadays save money to（ ）.问题1选项