2022年考博英语-南开大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷97

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1、2022年考博英语-南开大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题I took someone elses book（ ）mistake.问题1选项A.inB.forC.withD.by【答案】D【解析】固定搭配。by mistake为固定短语, 意为“错误地, 由于差错”。句意:由于差错, 我拿了别人的书。所以选项D正确。2. 单选题If you dont want to talk to him, Ill speak to him（ ） .问题1选项A.on your behalfB.on your accountC.for your partD.in your interes

2、t【答案】A【解析】名词性短语含义辨析。on ones behalf“为.的利益, 代表”;on ones account“为了某人”;for ones part“就某人来说”;in ones interest“符合某人利益”。句意:如果你不想和他谈, 我就代表你去和他说。选项A符合句意。3. 单选题Life insurance is financial protection for dependents against loss （ ） the bread-winners death.问题1选项A.at the cost ofB.on the verge ofC.as a result of

3、D.for the sake of【答案】C【解析】副词词义辨析。at the cost of以.为代价；on the verge of濒临于，接近于；as a result of因此，由于；for the sake of为了。句意：人寿保险为被保者的家属提供经济保障, 以防止因养家糊口的人去世而造成的损失。选项C符合句意。4. 单选题The American baby boom after the war made unconvincing U. S. advice to poor countries that they restrain their births. However, the

4、re has hardly been a year since 1957 in which birth rates have not fallen in the United States and other rich countries, and in 1976 the fall was especially sharp. Both East Germany and West Germany have fewer births than they have deaths, and the United States is only temporarily able to avoid this

5、 condition because the children of the baby boom are now an exceptionally large group of married couples.It is true that Americans do not typically plan their births to set an example for developing nations. We are more affected by womens liberation: once women see interesting and well-paid jobs are

6、 careers available, they are less willing to provide free labor for child raising. From costing nothing, children suddenly come to seem impossibly expensive. And to the high cost of children are added the uncertainties, introduced by divorce; couples are increasingly unwilling to subject children to

7、 the terrible experience of marital breakdown and themselves to the difficulty of raising a child alone.These circumstanceswomen working outside the home and the instability of marriage一tend to spread with industrial society and they will affect more and more countries in the near future. Along with

8、 them goes social mobility, ambition to rise in the urban world, a main factor in bringing down the births in Europe in the 19th century.Food shortage will happen again when the reserves resulting from the good harvests of 1998 and 1999 have been consumed. Urbanization is likely to continue, with th

9、e cities of the developing nations struggling under the weight of twice their present populations by the year 2010. The presently rich countries are approaching a stable population largely because of the changed place of women, and they incidentally are setting an example of restraint to the rest of

10、 the world. Industrial society will spread to the poor countries, and aspiration will exceed resources. All this will lead to a population in the new century that is smaller than was feared a few years ago. For those anxious to see world population brought under control, the news is encouraging.1.Wh

11、at influences the birth rate most in the United States is （ ） .2.The sentence “From costing nothing, children suddenly come to seem impossibly expensive” implies that （ ） .3.A chief factor in bringing down the births in Europe in the 19th century is （ ） .4.The population in the new century, accordin

12、g to the writer, （ ） .问题1选项A.highly paid jobsB.womens desire for independenceC.expenses of child raisingD.high divorce rate问题2选项A.food and clothing for babies are becoming incredibly expensiveB.prices are going up dramatically all the timeC.to raise children women have to give up interesting and wel

13、l-paid jobsD.social development has made child-raising inexpensive问题3选项A.birth controlB.the desire to seek fortune in citiesC.the instability of marriageD.the changed place of women问题4选项A.will be smaller than a few years agoB.will not be as small as people expectC.will prove to be a threat to the wo

14、rldD.will not continue as serious a problem as expected【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:B第4题:D【解析】1.信息推断题。根据第二段第二句“We are more affected by womens liberation: . provide free labor for child raising.”美国出生率受到妇女解放的影响:一旦妇女有了有趣的高薪工作，她们就不太愿意为抚养孩子付出免费的劳动力了。选项B符合原文。2.信息推断题。上一句提到，一旦妇女有了有趣的高薪工作，她们就不太愿意为抚养孩子付出免费的劳动力了。由此可以推断，抚

15、养孩子从零成本似乎变成了高成本，是因为女性为了抚养孩子而放弃高薪工作所付出了昂贵的代价，这里并不是说抚养孩子的成本高。所以选项C符合原文。3.事实细节题。根据第三段最后一句“Along with them . in Europe in the 19th century.”社会流动性，以及在城市里发展提升的抱负，是19世纪欧洲出生率下降的一个主要因素。选项B符合原文。4.事实细节题。根据最后一段的内容可知，目前富裕的国家由于妇女地位改变而人口趋于稳定，为世界其他地区树立了榜样，工业社会也将蔓延到贫穷国家，所有的这些都将导致新世纪的人口比几年前的要少。潜在意思是说，新世纪的人口问题不会像预期的那样

16、严重。选项D相对于选项A来说，更为恰当。5. 单选题My mother raised me as best as she could, taking on odd jobs in the neighborhood for money. Still without a father to tell me how to act and what was expected of me, I felt lost. I wandered for years and got involved with tough guys on the East Side of New York. They would

17、fight madly over a dropped coin. They would steal to get what they wanted. I wanted to be like them.It was lucky for me that I left the city and entered a world of discipline, after following my mothers advice. During three years of military service, I had time to rethink my life, and my thoughts of

18、ten ran to my mother. I realized suddenly just how much of a heartache I must have been to her, how little I had noticed her suffering. When my father left this world, my mother was completely alone. To support us, my mother cleaned apartments and took in washing and ironing from the neighbors. And

19、as she worked hard at this labor, she kept her head high. Each week she would bring a pile of books home from the library and read to us. My mother had wanted nothing more than for me to turn into an honest responsible man. But I had acted against her. Finally, almost too late I had the sense to fee

20、l shame.Ten years passed and I returned to the apartment on the East Side. I knew I wouldnt fall back in with the wrong people, although I still wasnt sure where I was heading. My mother, I could tell was worried about me. In my neighborhood, to become a police officer or a firefighter was a mark of

21、 significant social success and achievement. For me it was an opportunity for a real start in life. I wondered if I was up to it, but I knew that it was time to try. When I found myself in the big hall raising my hands to take the firefighters oath of office, my mother was sitting a few rows behind

22、with a smile of relief. She knew that at last I was off on lifes road and moving steadily. Her smile said, “My job is finally done.”1.From this story, we may guess that the East Side of New York must be a （ ） area.2.The author used to behave himself （ ） .3.From the context, we understand that “odd j

23、obs” in the first paragraph refer to jobs （ ） .4.In the first sentence of the second paragraph, the author says “It was lucky for me that.” The lucky experience he talks about here is his experience of （ ） .5.What is NOT true according to the passage?问题1选项A.commercialB.richC.poorD.distant问题2选项A.oddl

24、yB.toughlyC.remarkablyD.badly问题3选项A.of cleaning, washing and ironingB.which are not regular or fixedC.which one can make extra money withD.with house work问题4选项A.the three years of military serviceB.leaving a world of disciplineC.leaving the city and his motherD.fighting with tough guys问题5选项A.After h

25、er husband died, his mother did all available jobs to support the family.B.The author was surprised that he was accepted as a firefighter.C.The author finally realized that his mother always wanted him to be an honest and responsible man.D.In face of poverty, his mother never lowered her head. She b

26、ravely struggled on.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:A第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.根据第一段“They would fight madly over a dropped coin. They would steal to get what they wanted.”他们会为一枚掉在地上的硬币疯狂地打斗, 他们会去偷想要的东西。由此可以推断, 这个地区很贫穷, 选项C正确。2.信息推断题。根据第二段的首句“It was lucky for me that I left the city and entered a world of discipline,.”我很幸运,

27、 在听从了母亲的建议后, 我离开了这座城市, 进入了一个有纪律的世界。根据“discipline”可推测, 作者以前的表现应该是badly, 选项D最恰当。3.事实细节题。根据关键词定位到第一段, 可知“odd jobs”是母亲做的工作。再根据第二段“To support us, my mother cleaned apartments and took in washing and ironing from the neighbors.”所以选项A符合原文。4.事实细节题。根据第二段的第二句“During three years of military service, I had time

28、 to rethink my life, .”可知, 作者觉得幸运的经历是在部队服役的三年经历。选项A正确。5.信息推断题。根据第二段后半部分的内容可知选项A和D正确;根据第二段最后三句“My mother had . the sense to feel shame.”可知选项C也正确;所以本题选B。6. 单选题He tried to cope with the ever-increasing burden of his work, but finally he （ ） and had to take a complete rest.问题1选项A.broke awayB.broke offC.

29、broke upD.broke down【答案】D【解析】动词词组辨析。break away“脱离, 放弃, 逃跑”;break off“突然停止;暂停”;break up“打碎;结束”;break down“发生故障;毁掉”。句意:他试图处理日益增加的工作负担，但最后他 ，不得不彻底休息。根据“take a complete rest”可推测，填空处应该指他的身体垮掉了，只有选项D有此含义，所以正确。7. 单选题Of all the wild dogs, none is more closely related to the （ ） dog than to the wolf.问题1选项A.d

30、omesticatedB.barkingC.lazyD.running【答案】A【解析】语境判断。根据语境可以推断，填空处应该和wild意思相反，所以选项A最为恰当。句意：对于野狗来说，他们和狼的关系比家犬和狼的关系更为亲密。8. 单选题The book might well have（ ） had it been less expensive.问题1选项A.worked outB.gone throughC.fitted inD.caught on【答案】D【解析】动词短语含义辨析。work out“解决, 算出, 实现”;go through“检查, 通过”;fit in“适应, 适合”;

31、catch on“理解, 变得流行”。句意:如果这本书不那么贵的话, 可能会很流行。选项D符合句意。9. 单选题You must let me have the annual report without （ ） by ten oclock tomorrow morning.问题1选项A.failureB.hesitationC.troubleD.fail【答案】D【解析】固定搭配。without fail为固定搭配, 表示“必定, 务必”。句意为:你必须在明天早上十点之前把年度报告交给我。所以选项D正确。10. 单选题Although Venus is the nearest planet

32、of the Earth, little is known about it because it is （ ） covered by thick clouds.问题1选项A.closelyB.curiouslyC.regularlyD.constantly【答案】D【解析】副词词义辨析。closely紧密地，严密地；curiously好奇地；regularly 有规律地；constantly不断地，时常地。句意：尽管金星是离地球最近的行星，但由于它时常被厚厚的云层所覆盖，人们对它知之甚少。选项D符合句意。11. 单选题As a salesman, he works on a(n) （ ） b

33、asis, taking 10% of everything he sells.问题1选项A.incomeB.commissionC.salaryD.pension【答案】B【解析】名词词义辨析。根据下半句句意：从他销售的每件商品中抽取10%。由此推断，填空处应该指佣金，所以选项B正确。pension指退休金，抚恤金。12. 单选题The mayor is a woman with great（ ） therefore deserves our political and financial support.问题1选项A.intentionB.instinctC.integrityD.inte

34、nsity【答案】C【解析】名词词义辨析。intention 意图，目的；instinct本能，直觉；integrity正直，廉正；intensity强度，紧张。句意：市长是一位非常廉正的女性，因此值得我们给予政治上和财政上的支持。选项C符合句意。13. 单选题Plastic bags are useful for holding many kinds of food, （ ） their cleanness, toughness, and low cost.问题1选项A.in addition toB.by virtue ofC.as opposed toD.for the sake of【

35、答案】B【解析】介词短语含义辨析。in addition to“除.之外（还有, 也）”;by virtue of“由于, 凭借”;as opposed to“与截然相反, 对照”;for the sake of“为了, 为了的利益”。句意:塑料袋用来装各种食物很有用, 因为其卫生, 结实, 便宜。选项B符合语境。14. 单选题The consolidation of the crumbling walls and towers has been carried out in （ ） with a program agreed with by the Department of the Env

36、ironment.问题1选项A.caseB.accordanceC.placeD.charge【答案】B【解析】固定搭配。in accordance with为固定搭配，表示“依照，与.一致”。15. 单选题People who live in small towns often seem more friendly than those living in （ ） populated areas.问题1选项A.denselyB.intenselyC.abundantlyD.highly【答案】A【解析】副词词义辨析。表示人口密集应该用densely，所以选项A正确。16. 单选题Extrao

37、rdinary creative activity has been characterized as revolutionary, flying in the face of what is established and producing not what is acceptable but what will become accepted. According to this formulation, highly creative activity transcends the limits of an existing form and establishes a new pri

38、nciple of organization. However, the idea that extraordinary creativity transcends established limits is misleading when it is applied to the arts, even though it may be valid for the sciences. Differences between highly creative art and highly creative science arise in part from a difference in the

39、ir goals. For the sciences, a new theory is the goal and end result of the creative act. Innovative science produces new propositions in terms of which diverse phenomena can be related to one another in more coherent ways. Such phenomena as a brilliant diamond or a nesting bird are relegated to the

40、role of data, serving as the means for formulating or testing a new theory. The goal of highly creative art is very different: the phenomenon itself becomes the direct product of the creative act. Shakespeares Hamlet is not a tract about the behavior of indecisive princes or the uses of political po

41、wer, nor is Picassos painting Guernica primarily a prepositional statement about the Spanish Civil War or the evils of fascism. What highly creative artistic activity produces is not a new generalization that transcends established limits, but rather an aesthetic particular. Aesthetic particulars pr

42、oduced by the highly creative artist extend or exploit, in an innovative way, the limits of an existing form, rather than transcend that form.This is not to deny that a highly creative artist sometimes established a new principle of organization in the history of an artistic field, the composer Mont

43、everdi, who created music of the highest aesthetic value, comes to mind. More generally, however, whether or not a composition establishes a new principle in the history of music has little bearing on its aesthetic worth. Because they embody a new principle of organization, some musical works, such

44、as the opera of the Florentine Camerata, are of signal historical importance, but few listeners or musicologists would include these among the great works of music. On the other hand, Mozarts The Marriage of Figaro is surely among the masterpieces of music even though its modest innovations are conf

45、ined to extending existing means. It has been said of Beethoven that he toppled the rules and freed music from the stifling confines of convention. But a close study of his compositions reveals that Beethoven overturned no fundamental rules. Rather, he was an incomparable strategist who exploited li

46、mitsthe rules, forms, and conventions that he inherited from predecessors such as Haydn and Mozart, Handel and Bachin strikingly original ways.1.The author considers a new theory that coherently relates diverse phenomena to one another to be the （ ） .2.The author implies that Beethovens music was st

47、rikingly original because Beethoven （ ） .3.The passage states that the operas of the Florentine Camerata are （ ） .4.The author regards the idea that all highly creative artistic activity transcends limits with （ ） .5.The author implies that an innovative scientific contribution is one that （ ） .问题1选

48、项A.basis for reaffirming a well-established scientific formulationB.byproduct of an aesthetic experienceC.tool used by a scientist to discover a new particularD.result of highly creative scientific activity问题2选项A.strove to outdo his predecessors by becoming the first composer to exploit limitsB.fund

49、amentally changed the musical forms of his predecessors by adopting a richly inventive strategyC.embellished and interwove the melodies of several of the great composers who preceded himD.manipulated the established conventions of musical composition in highly innovative fashion问题3选项A.unjustifiably

50、ignored by most of musicologists todayB.not generally considered to be of high aesthetic valueC.musical works with popular historical themesD.examples of musical works with new principle of organization问题4选项A.deep skepticismB.strong indignationC.marked indifferenceD.moderate amusement问题5选项A.is cited

51、 with high frequency in the publications of other scientistsB.does not relegate particulars to the role of dataC.introduces a new valid generalizationD.presents the discovery of a new scientific fact【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:B第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段第六句“Innovative science produces new propositions in ter

52、ms of which diverse phenomena can be related to one another in more coherent ways.”创造性科学产生新的命题，在这些命题中，不同的现象可以以更连贯的方式相互关联。由此可知，把不同的现象连贯地联系起来是高度的创造性科学所产生的结果。选项D符合原文。2.信息判断题。根据第二段的末尾几句可知，贝多芬并没有推翻任何基本规则。相反，他是一个无与伦比的谋略家，他以惊人的独创的方式，利用了他从前辈如海顿、莫扎特、亨德尔和巴赫那里继承来的规则、形式和惯例。所以选项D符合原文。3.事实细节题。根据关键词“Florentine Cam

53、erata”定位到第二段第三句“such as the opera of the Florentine Camerata, . the great works of music.”如佛罗伦萨卡米拉塔的歌剧，尽管具有显著的历史重要性，但很少有听众或音乐学家会把它们列入伟大的音乐作品之中。也就是说不被普遍认为具有很高的审美价值，选项B与原文表述一致。4.观点态度题。根据第一段的第三句“However, the idea that . valid for the sciences.”然而，将非凡的创造力超越既定限制的观点应用到艺术上是有误导性的，尽管它可能适用于科学。由此推断，作者的态度是怀疑的，选

54、项A正确。5.细节推理题。根据段第六句“Innovative science produces new propositions in terms of which diverse phenomena can be related to one another in more coherent ways.”创新科学产生新的命题，在这些命题中，不同的现象可以以更连贯的方式相互关联，选项C符合原文。17. 单选题Prof. White, my respected tutor, frequently reminds me to （ ） myself of every chance to improv

55、e my English.问题1选项A.assureB.informC.availD.notify【答案】C【解析】副词词义辨析。根据句意：我尊敬的导师White教授经常提醒我要利用一切机会提高我的英语水平。选项C最为恰当，表示有益于，有助于。18. 单选题It will take us twenty minutes to get to the railway station, （ ） traffic delays.问题1选项A.affordingB.accounting forC.allowing forD.acknowledging【答案】C【解析】词组辨析。afford“给予，提供，买得

56、起”;account for“对.负有责任，对.作出解释”，allow for“考虑到，顾及”;acknowledge“承认，答谢”。句意:考虑到交通拥堵，我们到火车站还要20分钟。选项C符合句意。19. 单选题International sport should create goodwill between the nations, but in the present organization of the Olympics somehow encourages（ ）patriotism.问题1选项A.amiableB.obsoleteC.aggressiveD.harmonious【答

57、案】C【解析】形容词词义辨析。amiable“和蔼可亲的, 亲切的”;obsolete“废弃的, 老式的”;aggressive“侵略性的, 好斗的, 激进的, 有进取心的”;harmonious“和谐的, 和睦的”。句意:国际体育运动应该在各国之间建立友好关系, 但在现在的奥运会组织中, 某种程度上鼓励了激进的爱国主义。选项C符合语境。20. 单选题However important we regard school life to be, there is no gainsaying the fact that children spend more time at home than i

58、n the classroom. Therefore, the great influence of parents cannot be ignored or discounted by the teacher. They can become strong allies of the school personnel or they can consciously or unconsciously hinder and thwart curricular objectives.Administrators have been aware of the need to keep parents

59、 apprised of the newer methods used in schools. Many principals have conducted workshops explaining such matter as the reading readiness program, manuscript writing and developmental mathematics.Moreover, the classroom teacher, with the permission of the supervisors, can also play an important role

60、in enlightening parents. The informal tea and many interviews carried on during the year, as well as new ways of reporting pupils progress, can significantly aid in achieving a harmonious interplay between school and home.To illustrate, suppose that a father has been drilling Junior in arithmetic pr

61、ocesses night after night. In a friendly interview, the teacher can help the parent sublimate his natural paternal interest into productive channels. He might be persuaded to let Junior participate in discussing the family budget, buying the food, using a yardstick or measuring cup at home, setting the clock, calculating mileage on a trip and engaging in scores of other activities that have a mathematical basis.If the father follows the advice, it is reasonable to assume that he will soon realize his son is making satisfactory progress in mathematics, and at the same time, enjoying the