2022年考博英语-煤炭科学研究总院考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷55

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1、2022年考博英语-煤炭科学研究总院考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Holders of deferred shares have no rights to vote at general meetings or receive any （ ）.问题1选项A.divisiveB.divideC.dividendD.division【答案】C【解析】考查形近词辨析。A项形容词divisive “分裂的、区分的”，B项动词divide “分开”，C项名词dividend “红利、股息”，D项名词division “除法、分割”；句意：递延股票的持有者在股东大会上没有投票权，也不

2、能获得任何股息。因此C选项正确。2. 单选题Soil on the mountain slopes is very susceptible （ ） erosion.问题1选项A.ofB.toC.withD.by【答案】B【解析】考查介词辨析及搭配。A项of “的”，B项to “到、朝、对于”，C项with “和”，D项by “由、被、到之前”；句意：山坡上的土壤很容易被侵蚀。be susceptible to “易受的影响”；因此B选项正确。3. 单选题How come they have the freedom to disrupt and （ ） the torch relay, wher

3、eas Olympic-loving people have not the freedom to welcome the torch?问题1选项A.destructB.destroyC.sabotageD.damage【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A项destruct “毁坏”，B项destroy “消灭”，C项sabotage “蓄意破坏”，D项damage “损害”；句意：难道只有破坏分子干扰破坏火炬传递的自由，就没有热爱奥林匹克运动的人们去欢迎火炬的自由吗？因此C选项正确。4. 单选题Some parents （ ） education with exam success.问题1选项

4、A.equalB.equateC.equalizeD.equality【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A项equal “等于”，B项equate “视为平等”，C项equalize “使相等”，D项名词equality “平等”；句意：有些父母把教育和考试成绩优秀视为一样。因此B选项正确。5. 单选题As noted, among those who were cognitively normal at the start of the study, （ ） alcohol drinkers appeared to be protected against dementia.问题1选项A.mo

5、derateB.minimumC.mediumD.middle【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项moderate “有节制的”，B项minimum “最小的”，C项medium“中间的”，D项middle “中等的”；句意：特别提到的是，在研究最初，认知正常，饮酒适度的人表现出对老年痴呆更好的防御能力。因此A选项正确。6. 翻译题国家统计局（NBS）周五发布的2018年全国睡觉时间使用情况调查报告揭示了中国人平均每天的时间分配情况。这包括了他们的工作、睡觉、家务、休闲娱乐等不同活动。这项调查显示，低收入人群平均看电视的时间为每天1小时50分钟。这比中等收入人群多15分钟，比较高收入组多32

6、分钟，比高收入人群多46分钟。国家统计局高级统计员金红表示，2008年和2018年的时间使用情况调查显示，中国人均生活质量有所改善。Section B Translate the following passage into English.【答案】The 2018 National Survey Report on the Utilization of Bedtime, released by the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) on Friday, revealed how Chinese people to allocate their dai

7、lys time averagely. This includes work, sleep, housework, recreation and other different activities. According to the survey, the average time of low-income group watching TV is 1 hour and 50 minutes a day, which is 15 minutes more than medium-income group, 32 minutes more than the high-income group

8、 and 46 minutes more than the high-income group. Jinhong, a senior statistician at the NBS, said that the quality of life per capita in China had improved, which was showed by the survey on situation of time utilization in 2008 and 2018.7. 单选题President Coolidges statement, “The business of America i

9、s business,” still points to an important truth today that business institutions have more prestige in American society than any other kind of organization, including the government. Why do business institutions possess this great prestige?One reason is that Americans view business as being more fir

10、mly based on the ideal of competition than other institutions in society. Since competition is seen as the major source of progress and prosperity by most Americans, competitive business institutions are respected. Competition is not only good in itself; it is the means by which other basic American

11、 values such as individual freedom, equality of opportunity, and hard work are protected.Competition protects the freedom of the individual by ensuring that there is no monopoly of power. In contrast to one, all-powerful government, many businesses compete against each other for profits. Theoretical

12、ly, if one business tries to take unfair advantage of its customers, it will lose to competing business which treats its customers more fairly. Where many businesses compete for the customers dollar, they cannot afford to treat them like inferiors or slaves.A contrast is often made between business,

13、 which is competitive, and government, which is a monopoly. Because business is competitive, many Americans believe that it is more supportive of freedom than government, even though government leaders are elected by the people and business leaders are not. Many Americans believe, then, that competi

14、tion is as important as, or even more important than, democracy in preserving freedom.Competition in business is also believed to strengthen the idea of equality of opportunity. Competition is seen as an open and fair race where success goes to the swiftest person regardless of his or her social cla

15、ss background. Competitive success is commonly seen as the American alternative to social rank based on family background. Business is therefore viewed as an expression of the idea of equality of opportunity rather than the aristocratic idea of inherited privilege.1. The statement “The business of A

16、merica is business” probably means “（ ）”.2. Americans believe that they can realize their personal values only （ ）.3. Who can benefit from business competition?4. Government is believed to differ strikingly from business in that government is characterized by （ ）.5. It can be inferred from the passa

17、ge that the author believes （ ）.问题1选项A.The business institutions in America are concerned with commerceB.Business problems are of great importance to the American governmentC.Business is of primary concern to AmericansD.America is a great power in world business问题2选项A.when given equality of opportun

18、ityB.through doing businessC.by protecting their individual freedomD.by way of competition问题3选项A.Honest businessmenB.Both businessmen and their customersC.People with ideals of equality and freedomD.Both business institutions and government问题4选项A.its absolute control of powerB.its function in preser

19、ving personal freedomC.its role in protecting basic American valuesD.its democratic way of exercising leadership问题5选项A.Americans are more ambitious than people in other countriesB.in many countries success often depends on ones social statusC.American businesses are more democratic than those in oth

20、er countriesD.businesses in other countries are not as competitive as those in America【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:B第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.【试题解析】语义推测题。题干意思是“句子The business of America is business可能是什么意思？”。第一段truth today that business institutions have more prestige in American society than any other kind of organizati

21、on, including the government.（真相就是在美国社会商业机构比包括政府在内的其他任何类型的组织有更多的威望）说明美国人很关注商业。因此The business of America is business表达的意思是“商业是美国人第一关心的”。A选项“美国商业机构关注的是商业”，这个选项逻辑没问题，但是比较片面；B项“商业问题对美国政府很重要”和D项“美国是全球商业的强国”没提到。故该题选C。2.【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“美国人相信他们只有怎样才能实现他们的个人价值？”。第二段最后一句Competition is not only good in itsel

22、f; it is the means by which other basic American values such as individual freedom, equality of opportunity, and hard work are protected.（竞争不仅本身是良好的，它还是一种保护手段，其他基本的美国人价值观都是受它的保护，如个人自由、机会均等和努力工作等），由此可知美国人是可以通过竞争实现他们的个人价值。B项“通过做生意”没有提到，A项“给予平等的机会”和C项“保护个人自由”都是包括在竞争的保护机制里面，最终还是通过竞争才能实现自己的价值。因此D选项正确。3.【

23、试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“商业竞争对谁有利？”。第三段第三句if one business tries to take unfair advantage of its customers, it will lose to competing business which treats its customers more fairly.（如果一个商业机构试图不公平地利用它的顾客，它就会输给那些对待顾客更公平的竞争对手），由此推断出竞争不仅有利于顾客的利益，也有利于公平对待客户的商业机构。A项“诚实的商人”不够全面；C项“拥有平等和自由理想的人们”和D项“商业机构和政府”中的政府均未提及

24、。因此B选项“商人和顾客”正确。4.【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“人们认为政府与商业有显著的不同，因为政府的特点是什么？”。第四段第一句A contrast is often made between business, which is competitive, and government, which is a monopoly.（竞争的商业和政府的垄断总是经常拿来对比），可以推断出政府和商业竞争相比，政府的垄断是权利上的操控，B项“保护个人自由的功能”这是竞争的特点；C项“保护美国基本价值观方面的作用”没有提到；D项“行使领导的民主方式”，只提到了政府的垄断，没有提到民主。因此A

25、选项“对权利的绝对控制”正确。5.【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“从这篇文章可以推断出作者相信什么？”。最后一段第三句Competitive success is commonly seen as the American alternative to social rank based on family background.（竞争的成功被美国人视为基于家庭背景而产生的社会地位的替代），即美国是不依靠家庭背景决定社会地位，从而推断出，相反其他国家就要依靠社会地位。A项“美国人比其他国家的人更具野心”、C项“美国商业比其他国家更民主”和D项“其他国家的商业不像美国商业一样有竞争性”没有提

26、到。因此B选项“许多国家的成功取决于一个人的社会地位”正确。8. 单选题The discussion quickly （ ） into an angry argument.问题1选项A.deterioratedB.aggravatedC.increaseD.declined【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A项deteriorate “恶化”，B项aggravate “加重、激怒”，C项increase “提高”，D项decline “拒绝”；句意：这场讨论迅速演变成愤怒的争吵。因此A选项正确。9. 单选题There is a risk that （ ） chemicals might be b

27、lasted into the atmosphere.问题1选项A.destructiveB.toxicC.evilD.vicious【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项destructive “破坏性的、毁灭性的”，B项toxic “有毒的”，C项evil“邪恶的”，D项vicious “恶毒的”；句意：毁灭性的化学物质有在空中爆炸的危险。因此A选项正确。10. 单选题A few months of grooming, mentors and founders can then （ ） hundreds of people to watch their companys official

28、introduction to society.问题1选项A.summonB.uniteC.gatherD.assemble【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A项summon “召唤”，指运用权威或行使权力指示、命令、吩咐，或要求某人去某处，常用于正式的集会或公务等方面；B项untie “团结、合并”，指将两个或两个以上原本分散或对立的事物联合起来，或者指主动联合自己周围的人或物，使之围绕在自己身旁；C项gather “聚集”，多强调按照一定目的或计划有选择的使人或物聚集在一起；D项assemble “集合、聚集”，更突出聚集或收集的目的；句意：经过几个月的培训后，导师和创始人可以召集数百人观看

29、他们公司向社会的正式介绍。因此A选项正确。11. 单选题With all the wars, fighting and sadness in the world today, its not only necessary, but also essential to have a good sense of humor just to help us get through each and every day of our lives. Putting a smile on someones face when you know they are feeling down in the du

30、mps, as the saying goes, makes me feel good and warms my heart.How would you feel if you could not joke around with your wife, husband, child, co-worker, neighbor, close friend, or even just someone that you are standing in line with at your corner store? I am always saying things that make others s

31、mile or laugh, even if I dont know the person Im joking around with. My Grandma always found humor in everything she did, even if it was the hardest job anyone could imagine. This not only relieves stress in any situation, but also is common courtesy to speak to others that are around you.I know of

32、a few people that dont have a funny bone in their bodies, as they say. Everyone around them could be rolling on the floor after hearing a great joke and they would sit there without the slightest smile on their face. They dont get the joke that makes others laugh. I am busting a gut while they just

33、sit there, looking at me as if I were from outer space. How can people not get a really funny joke?Laughing is essential to keep your stress levels under control. Without humor we would find ourselves with a lot of psychological problems, or on a lot of medications to keep us from going crazy. There

34、 is too much sadness in this present world. It drives people crazy. We all need to find a way to bypass the sadness and bring a little light into our lives. So, I believe our best medicine is to get together and tell some jokes and have some fun laughing together.1. According to the author, humor is

35、 useful in the aspect that （ ）.2. The author answers the question in Paragraph 2 with （ ）.3. The phrase “busting a gut” in Paragraph 3 can be replaced by （ ）.4. Which is not mentioned as a function humor plays in life?5. In writing the passage, the author mainly intends to （ ）.问题1选项A.it makes people

36、 more confidentB.it can pick up peoples spiritsC.it can help get rid of the cruelty in the worldD.it can help people get on well with others问题2选项A.facts and descriptionsB.evidence and argumentC.examples and conclusionD.stories and persuasion问题3选项A.explaining carefullyB.speaking loudC.keeping silentD

37、.laughing hard问题4选项A.Humor can reduce stress.B.Humor helps to land a job offer.C.Humor can drive sadness away.D.Humor can make your family happy.问题5选项A.talk about his own understanding of humorB.encourage people to be humorous in daily lifeC.introduce a practical way to get through daily lifeD.convi

38、nce people of the power of being optimistic about life【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“幽默的有用之处在于（ ）?”。第一段第一句but also essential to have a good sense of humor just to help us get through each and every day of our lives.（拥有良好的幽默感也是必要的，只是为了帮助我们度过生活的每一天），可以看出，保持幽默可以打起人们的精神；A项“使人更自信”，文

39、中只提到幽默可以解压；C项“帮助人们摆脱残酷的世界”，这是作者引用了奶奶的例子，主要是用来说明幽默能让自己在残酷生活中缓解压力；D项“帮助人们与人友好相处”，文中只是提到幽默也是一种人与人之间的礼貌，着重点还是在于幽默可以解压。因此B项“打起/鼓舞人们的精神”正确。2.【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“作者第二段回答问题用的是什么?”。第二段的问题是How would you feel if you could not jokeor even just someone that you are standing in line with at your corner store?（如果你不能

40、和你的妻子，丈夫，孩子，同事，邻居，亲密的朋友，甚至只是一个和你一起在街角商店排队的人开玩笑，你会有什么感觉?）；后面作者用奶奶的例子来回答这个问题并且做出了结论，因此该题C选项“例子和结论”正确。3.【试题解析】语义推测题。题干意思是“第三段中的短语busting a gut可以用哪个词替代?”。根据第三段第二句Everyone around them could be rolling on the floor after hearing a great joke and they would sit there without the slightest smile on their fa

41、ce.（他们周围的人听了这个笑话可能会在地板上打滚，但他们会坐在那里，脸上没有一丝笑容。）结合后面I am busting a gut while they just sit there可以推断出，当他们坐在那里的时候，“我”是和他们周围的人一样笑得在地板上打滚。因此，可以猜出busting a gut在这里是“大笑”的意思，因此D选项 “努力地大笑”正确。4.【试题解析】细节判断题。题干意思是“下列关于幽默在生活中发挥的作用哪一项没有描述？”。最后一段提到Laughing is essential to keep your stress levels under control（笑对于控制心

42、理压力的水平是很重要的），因此A项“幽默可以减少压力”正确；倒数第二句提到We all need to find a way to bypass the sadness and bring a little light into our lives.（我们都需要找到一种方法来绕过悲伤，为我们的生活带来一点光明），因此C项“幽默可以驱散悲伤”正确；最后一句提到I believe our best medicine is to get together and tell some jokes and have some fun laughing together.（我相信最好的药方是聚在一起，讲一

43、些笑话，一起开怀大笑），推断出“幽默是可以令家人开心的”，因此D项正确；B项“幽默帮助获得工作机会”文中没有提到，因此该题选B。5.【试题解析】主旨大意题。题干意思是“作者写这篇文章的主要意图是什么？”。全文主要在论述一个观点，那就是拥有良好的幽默感可以帮助我们度过生活的每一天，缓解生活中的压力；可以推断出作者是鼓励/建议大家变得幽默，只有B选项“鼓励人们日常生活中变得幽默”符合题意。A项“谈论自己对幽默的理解”，文中作者有发表自己的见解，但通篇都在论述幽默对生活有帮助；C项“介绍一种实用方法来度过日常生活”，最后一段提到We all need to find a way to bypass

44、the sadness and bring a little light into our lives.（我们都需要找到一个方式来绕过悲伤给生活带来一点光），这句话是鼓励我们保持幽默，因为幽默可以缓解压力，但文章主旨不是介绍实用的方式，而是论述幽默的好处；D项“让人们相信乐观对待生活的力量”，文中讲的是幽默，不是乐观。因此B项正确。12. 单选题The law can （ ） fathers to make regular payments for their children.问题1选项A.compelB.complyC.complainD.combine【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A项

45、compel “强迫、迫使”，B项comply “遵守、顺从”，C项complain “抱怨”，D项combine “联合、结合”；句意：这项法律可强制父亲定期支付子女的费用。因此A选项正确。13. 单选题This will allow our citizens to build connections with peoples overseas and to develop skills and contacts that will help them （ ） in the global economy.问题1选项A.surviveB.striveC.thriveD.stride【答案】A【

46、解析】考查动词辨析。A项survive “生存”，B项strive “努力、奋斗”，C项thrive “繁荣”，D项stride “跨过”；句意：这将使我们的公民与海外人民建立联系，发展技能和增加接触，帮助他们在全球经济环境中生存。因此A选项正确。14. 翻译题Space X will send a spacesuit-clad crash test dummy to the International Space Station as part of a trial flight for its Crew Dragon spacecraft. The mission will take pl

47、ace on 2 March and will also deliver supplies to crew aboard the ISS. An array of sensors built into the mannequins suit will help provide key data ahead of the first human passengers going aboard the capsule later this year.Mr. Musk revealed the cost of a ticket to Mars on board a Space X flight wo

48、uld be less than $100,000. Taking questions on social media, he wrote: Im confident moving to Mars (return ticket is free) will one day cost less than $500k or maybe even below $100k. Low enough that most people in advanced economies could sell their home on Earth and move to Mars if they want.Secti

49、on A Translate the following passage into Chinese.【答案】Space X公司将把一个穿着航天服的撞击试验人体模型送往国际空间站，这也是其Crew Dragon载人宇宙飞船试飞任务的一部分。这次任务将于3月2日进行，并将向国际空间站的宇航员运送物资。该人体模型所穿的太空服上安装了大量的传感器。今年晚些时候，在第一批人类旅客将登上太空舱之前，这些传感器将有助于提供重要数据。马斯克先生透露，乘坐Space X宇宙飞船前往火星的票价可能会低于10万美元。他在社交媒体上接受了人们的提问，并写道：“我确信，将来有一天搬去火星（返程票是免费的）的票价会低于5

50、0万美元，甚至可能会低于10万美元。这个票价足够低了，发达经济体的多数人都可以卖掉他们在地球上的房子，搬去火星，如果他们愿意的话。”15. 单选题Just as there are teachers who simply go through the motions and drag us through the material in order to complete a required course, there are companies and jobs and bosses that do the same. That doesnt mean you have to live w

51、ith it. Avoid those fear-run workplaces. Quit those jobs. Ask your friends about where they work, or about companies theyve read about or heard about where passion, excitement, and human energy are valued above all else. In those places, you will find that fear is not primary motivator for getting t

52、o results.Although Ive found that most organizations do not focus on their culture, there are also a significant number of companies who are quite clear about what they are trying to achieve. Those companies have a mission and a purpose in what they do. The people who work there are focused not on t

53、hemselves, but on those they serve. They are working on something much bigger than themselves. I learned to love my job by connecting it to joy: joy for our customers, joy for the end users of our products, joy for my team, and personal joy in what we were doing.Many believe this kind of mission foc

54、us can only occur in the non-profit world. This couldnt be further from the truth. There are successful purpose-driven private and public corporations, large and small. They are still rare, though, so it wont necessarily be easy to find them, but it is worth your time to pursue this search. Some of

55、you will be inclined to do what I ultimately did and start your own firm, with its own mission and purpose. Entrepreneurship for me was the enabler of a noble yet selfish pursuit: I wanted to create a company that I loved. I created my own fulfilling job, but it would only be fulfilling to me if it

56、were also rewarding for those who worked around me.To learn to love your job, its important to find a job where learning is a requirement to success. Learning produces joy, regardless of the industry youre in. Become a student again. Read books, study organizations, and stretch yourself to try new t

57、hings. If you are in a technical or a support role, volunteer for sales support assignments and watch how your company interacts with its customers. Sign up for trade show booth duty and learn what others in the world are seeking from firms like yours. Learn to present in front of others. Sign up to

58、 speak at conferences, and then go listen to other speakers. Find the ideas, the people and the companies that inspire you.1. The authors purpose in using teachers as an example is to （ ）.2. The author favors companies that （ ）.3. By “This couldnt be further from the truth” (Line 1, Para. 3), the au

59、thor means he thinks （ ）.4. What do we learn about the authors joy for his job?5. What suggestion does the author make at the end of the passage?问题1选项A.emphasize the value of commitmentB.show concern for bad work performanceC.point out the importance of job trainingD.argue against fear-run workplace

60、s问题2选项A.are big and ambitiousB.are customer-orientedC.motivate employees with rewardsD.focus on their self-image问题3选项A.the non-profit world has hidden rulesB.a mission tells truth about a companyC.the statement is absolutely falseD.a company truly goes after profits问题4选项A.It depends largely on his f

61、ree will and selfish pursuit.B.It comes from the satisfaction of people in his company.C.It enables him to inspire people working around him.D.It is based on his own firm belief in his business skills.问题5选项A.Seize opportunities to learn on the job.B.Play a variety of roles to be successful.C.Keep a

62、good relationship with customers.D.Seek other firms that need your skills.【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.【试题解析】观点态度题。题干意思是“作者使用教师的例子是为了？”。第一段陈述的例子是“有些老师只是走过场敷衍的讲完授课的内容，以便完成一项规定的课程”，然后第三句提到Avoid those fear-fun workplace.（避开那些让人恐惧得想跑的公司），由此看出作者是想用例子来表达他对这种公司的反对态度。A选项“强调贡献的价值”，文中是强调快乐的工作，不是贡献就会快乐；B

63、选项“对不好的工作表现的关注”，文中关注的是如何快乐工作；C选项“指出工作培训的重要性”文中没有提到。因此该题D正确。2.【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“作者支持的公司？”。第二段第三句The people who work there are focused not on themselves, but on those they serve（在那里工作的人不是专注于自己，而是专注于他们服务的人），由此可以推断作者是支持以客户为中心的公司。A项“规模大且有野心的”不全面，根据第三段第三句There are successful purpose-driven private and public corporations, large and small.（有许多成功的以目标为驱动的私营和公立公司，有大的