2022年考博英语-西北大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷9

《2022年考博英语-西北大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷9》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年考博英语-西北大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷9（15页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、2022年考博英语-西北大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题The United States is comprised of 48 contiguous states occupying the midcontinent, Alaska at the northwestern extreme of North America, and the island state of Hawaii in the mid-Pacific Ocean.问题1选项A.jealousB.explosiveC.adjacentD.distant【答案】C【解析】句意：美国由48个接壤的州组成，这

2、些州包括大陆中部、北美西北部的阿拉斯加和太平洋中部的夏威夷州。contiguous意为“邻近的，接壤的”。jealous妒忌的，猜疑的；explosive爆炸的；adjacent邻近的，毗连的；distant遥远的，冷漠的。选项C与之意思相近。2. 单选题Opportunities for rewarding work become fewer for both men and women as they grew older. After age 40, job hunting becomes even more difficult. Many workers stay at jobs th

3、ey are too old for rather than face possible rejection. Our youth-oriented, threw-away culture sees little value in older people. In writer Lillian Hellmans words, they have the wisdom that comes with age that we cant make use of.”Unemployment and economic need for work is higher among older women,

4、especially minorities, than among younger white women. A national council reports these findings. Though unemployed longer when seeking work, older women job-hunt harder, hold a job longer with less absenteeism, perform as well or better, are more reliable, and are more willing go learn than men or

5、younger women. Yet many older women earn poor pay and face a future of poverty in their retirement years. When sexism meets ageism, poverty is no longer on the doorstep-it moves in, according to Tish Sommers, director of a special study on older women for the National Organization for Women. Yet a 1

6、981 report on the White House Conference on Aging shows that as a group, older Americans are the wealthiest, best fed, best housed, healthiest, most self-reliant older population in our history. This statement is small comfort to those living below the poverty line, but it does explode some of the o

7、ld traditional beliefs and fears.Opportunities for moving in and up in a large company may shrink but many older people begin successful small businesses, volunteer in satisfying activities, and stay active for many years. They have few role models because in previous generations the life span was m

8、uch shorter and expectations of life were fewer. They are ploughing new ground.Employers are beginning to recognize that the mature person can bring a great of stability and responsibility to a position. One doesnt lose ability and experience on the eve of ones 65th or 70th birthday any more than on

9、e grows up instantly at age 21.1.After the age of 40,（ ）.2.From Hellmans remark, we can see that （ ）.3.Tish Sommers argues that（ ）.4.According to the third paragraph, it can be seen that older Americans（ ）.5.It can be concluded from the passage that the writer（ ）.问题1选项A.most workers are tired of the

10、ir present jobsB.many workers tend to stick to their present jobsC.people find their jobs more rewarding than beforeD.people still wish to hunt fox more suitable jobs问题2选项A.full use has been made of the wisdom of older peopleB.the wisdom of older people is not valued by American societyC.older peopl

11、e are no less intelligent than young peopleD.the wisdom of older people is of great value to American society问题3选项A.older women usually hard to escape povertyB.older women usually perform better in their jobsC.the major cause of the poverty of older women is sexismD.more people have come to believe

12、in sexism and ageism问题4选项A.have more job opportunities than young peopleB.live below the poverty lineC.have new opportunities to remain active in societyD.no longer believe in the promise of a happy life upon retirement问题5选项A.calls attention to the living conditions of older AmericansB.believes that

13、 the value of older people is gaining increasing recognitionC.attempts to justify the youthoriented, throw-away culture of the United StatesD.argues people should not retire at the age of 65 or 70【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:A第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段的二三句“After age 40, job hunting becomes even more difficult

14、. Many workers stay at jobs they are too old for rather than face possible rejection.”40岁以后，找工作变得更加困难。许多人宁愿待在因为自己年纪太大而无法胜任的工作岗位上，也不愿面对可能的拒绝。选项B符合原文。2.细节事实题。根据关键词“Hellman”定位到第一段最后一句，用作家Lillian Hellman的话来说，他们拥有“我们无法利用的随着年龄增长而来的智慧”。再根据选项来推断，选项A中的“full use”明显错误；选项B“年长者的智慧没有被美国社会所重视”，符合原文；选项C和D在文中没有提及。所以

15、本题选B。3.细节事实题。根据关键词定位到第二段，然而，许多老年妇女收入微薄，在退休后面临贫困的未来。据英国国家妇女组织一项针对老年妇女的特别研究的负责人Tish Sommers说，当性别歧视与年龄歧视发生冲突时，贫困就不再近在咫尺它正在向贫困逼近。也就是说，年长的女性通常很难摆脱贫困，选项A符合原文。4.细节事实题。根据第三段第一句“Opportunities for moving in and up in a large company may shrink but many older people begin successful small businesses, volunteer

16、 in satisfying activities, and stay active for many years.”尽管进入大公司并晋升的机会可能会减少，但许多老年人开始成功的小生意，自愿参加令人满意的活动，并在多年来都保持着活跃。由此可知，老年人有新的机会在社会上保持活跃，选项C符合原文。5.推理判断题。结合全文内容可知，作者主要表达的思想是美国社会忽略了年长者的智慧，再根据最后一段末句“One doesnt lose ability and experience on the eve of ones 65th or 70th birthday any more than one grow

17、s up instantly at age 21.”一个人在65岁或70岁生日前夕不会丧失能力和经验，正如一个人在21岁时不会立即长大一样。也就是说，作者相信老年人的价值正在获得越来越多的认可。选项B符合原文。3. 单选题His talk was generally well received, but as for the statistics he（ ） , I dont think all of them were up-to-date.问题1选项A.referred toB.related toC.adjusted toD.appealed to【答案】A【解析】refer to谈到，

18、提及；relate to涉及，有关；adjust to调节，调整以适应；appeal to呼吁，上诉。句意：他的演讲受到了普遍的欢迎，但关于他提及的统计数字，我不认为所有的数据都是最新的。选项A符合句意。4. 单选题The （ ）of these many events led many people to believe that they were interrelated.问题1选项A.concurrenceB.agreementC.occurrenceD.circumstance【答案】A【解析】concurrence同时发生， 赞同，合作；agreement 协议，同意，一致；occ

19、urrence 发生，出现；circumstance 环境，情况，境遇。句意：许多这些事件同时发生使很多人相信它们之间是相互关联的。选项A符合句意。5. 单选题Any driver stopped by the police for some minor traffic （ ）can be asked to take a test for alcoholic drinking.问题1选项A.violationB.accidentC.congestionD.problem【答案】A【解析】violation 违反，妨碍，侵害；accident 意外，事故；congestion 拥挤，拥塞。句意：

20、任何因轻微交通违章被警察拦下的司机都可以被要求做酒精测试。选项A符合句意。6. 单选题In rural America, the year was arranged around the growing season. Now, only 3 percent of families follow the agricultural model, but nearly all schools are scheduled as is our children went home early to milk the cows and took months off To work the crops.

21、问题1选项A.在美国农村, 时间是根据生长季节来安排的。现在虽然只有3%的家庭从事农业, 但几乎所有的学校的校历安排似乎是我们的孩子们早早回家只是去挤牛奶或是几个月不上学去地里种庄稼。B.在美国农村, 一年是根据农时来安排的。现在虽然只有3%的家庭从事农业, 但几乎所有的学校的时间安排似乎是我们的孩子们早早回家是去挤牛奶或是花上几个月时间去地里种庄稼。C.在美国农村，上学时间是根据农时来决定的。现在虽然只有3%的家庭从事农业, 但几乎所有的学校的校历安排似乎是让孩子们早早回家去挤牛奶或是花上几个月时间去地里种庄稼。【答案】C【解析】根据句意可知“growing season”不是直译为生长季节

22、，而是指“农时”，所以首先排除选项A；这里的the year指的是“上学时间”，所以选项C最为恰当。7. 单选题There is no reason to insult and （ ）the man simply because you do not agree with him.问题1选项A.depictB.enervateC.distortD.defame【答案】D【解析】depict 描述，描画；enervate使衰弱，使失去活力；distort扭曲，变形；defame 诽谤，中伤。句意：如果仅仅是因为你不同意他的观点，那么你没有理由侮辱和诋毁他。选项D 符合句意。8. 单选题In a

23、world that aims to eliminate hunger and disparities in wealth, globe equilibrium is vital.问题1选项A.equityB.balanceC.inequalityD.discretion【答案】C【解析】根据句意可知，这里是消除贫富差距。disparities 意为“差异，不一致”。equity 公平，公正；balance 平衡，匀称；inequality 不平等，不同；discretion 谨慎，考虑周到。选项C与之意思相近。9. 单选题The basic causes are unknown, altho

24、ugh certain conditions that may lead to cancer have been （ ）.问题1选项A.identifiedB.guaranteedC.notifiedD.conveyed【答案】A【解析】identify确定，鉴定，识别；guarantee保证，担保；notify通告，通知，公布；convey 传达，运输。句意：尽管可能导致癌症的某些条件已经确定，但基本原因还是未知数。选项A符合句意。10. 单选题In school examinations certain subjects are optional.问题1选项A.not difficultB

25、.not necessaryC.not to be chosenD.not compulsory【答案】D【解析】optional意为“可选择的，随意的”。not compulsory非强制的，选项D与原句所表达的意思相符。11. 单选题Large areas of Alaskan land remain desolate due to harsh climate.问题1选项A.inaccessibleB.immatureC.parchedD.stark【答案】D【解析】句意：由于气候恶劣，阿拉斯加的大片土地仍然荒凉。desolate意为“荒凉的，无人烟的”。inaccessible难 达到的

26、，难接近的；immature不成熟的； parched炎热的，干透的；stark荒凉的，光秃秃的。选项D与之意思相近。12. 单选题The massive, black, horned buffalo, formerly found throughout sub-Saharan Africa, is a gregarious animal of open or scrub-covered plains and open forests.问题1选项A.rottenB.sociableC.wealthyD.beautiful【答案】B【解析】句意：巨大的、黑色的、有角的水牛，原产于非洲撒哈拉以南，

27、是一种群居动物，生活在开阔的或灌木覆盖的平原和开阔的森林中。gregarious意为“社交的，群居的”。rotten 腐烂的，堕落的；sociable好交际的，友善的；wealthy富有的；beautiful美丽的。选项B与之意思相近。13. 单选题Tool makers must have the ability to work very （ ）in order to meet exact specifications.问题1选项A.plausiblyB.profoundlyC.preciselyD.primarily【答案】C【解析】plausibly 似真地；profoundly深刻地，

28、极度地；precisely 精确地，恰好；primarily 主要地，根本上。句意：工具制造者必须能非常精确地工作，以满足准确的规格要求。根据下文可知，选项C符合句意。14. 单选题Bill is an example of a severely disabled person who has become （ ）at many survival skills.问题1选项A.proficientB.persistentC.consistentD.sufficient【答案】A【解析】proficient熟练的，精通的；persistent固执的，坚持的；consistent始终如一的，一致的；

29、sufficient足够的，充分的。根据句意可知应该是精通技能，所以选项A正确。15. 单选题Male lions remain aloof from the day-to-day activities of their families.问题1选项A.upwind ofB.exhausted fromC.separate fromD.bored with【答案】C【解析】aloof from意为“远离”。upwind of逆风地；exhausted from筋疲力尽的；separate from 分离；bored with对厌倦。选项C与之意思相近，符合原句语境。16. 单选题Her pee

30、rs were her worst critics.问题1选项A.studentsB.equalsC.teachersD.subordinates【答案】B【解析】peer意为同等的人，同龄人。equal 同辈，相等的事物；subordinate下属，从属。选项B与之意思相近。17. 单选题He got after you to change your mind, didnt he?问题1选项A.wantedB.urgedC.persuadedD.forced【答案】B【解析】get after攻击，追击，催促。只有选项B有催促的意思，所以正确。18. 单选题Each morning the

31、priest spent an hour in quiet contemplation.问题1选项A.intuitionB.reflectionC.meditationD.perception【答案】C【解析】句意： 牧师每天早晨花一个小时静静地沉思。contemplation意为“沉思”。intuition 直觉；reflection 映像，反射；meditation 冥想，沉思，静坐；perception 洞察力，看法。选项C与之意思相近。19. 单选题Life depends on the balance between the heat received from the sun an

32、d the heat lost to cooler surroundings.问题1选项A.equilibriumB.contrastC.exchangeD.relationship【答案】A【解析】equilibrium 均衡，平静；contrast 对比，差别；exchange 交换，兑换；relationship 关系，关联。balance意为平衡，选项A与之意思相近。20. 翻译题Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.My eldest

33、daughter, an Internet consultant, is only 30, but she has already lived in five different houses in five different places and has had about six different jobs. Every time I visit her, I notice how many new things there are in her house, and how many things lie unused, out of date. What is even more

34、striking is how many things there are which are not expected to lastdisposable things. Disposable plates and glasses, disposable towels and babies, nappies (尿布). It sometimes seems that we live in an age of the disposable.（1）This phenomenon of constant change runs through everything in life nowadays

35、, from fashion to music, from medicine to motorcars, from education to employment. Two important factors seem to be driving these changes. The first is the rapid growth in knowledge and the consequent rapid development of technology. The second is the revolution in communications, which means that k

36、nowledge is spread faster and more widely than ever. Our times are often called “the information age” and the effect is to bring about “the knowledge economy”. New technologies and new knowledge bring about the need for new skills.（2）The speed with which these technologies are being created is such

37、that all of us are faced with the challenge of learning new skills, not just once, but several times. What we knew yesterday is often obsolete today.I remember my daughter saying to that she was at “the cutting edge” of her particular field. But within five years, she said, she would have to do some

38、thing new and different to keep up. There is a great need for flexibility and problem-solving than before. Tasks require a greater integration of skills. （3）The rewards of life go to the multi-skilled, to flexible teams of workers each capable of contributing in a range of ways.（4）To succeed in this

39、 new world of work, individuals will have to regard their careers not just as a process of gathering experience, but as a process of learning new things on an almost continuous basis. All this suggests to me that the relationship between education and employment has changed radically over the last f

40、ew years. （5）One could summarize the change by saying that when I learned things in order to achieve life-long employment while my children need to pursue life-long learning in order to stay employed.【答案】1. 这种不断变化的现象如今贯穿着生活中的一切，从时装到音乐，从医药到“摩托车”，从教育到就业。2.创造技术的速度是这样的，我们大家都面临着不只是一次，而是多次地学习新技能的挑战。3.生活的奖赏趋向多种技能，以及每个职工在一个灵活的团队能够在多方面做出贡献。4.为了在这种新的工作世界中成功，个人将不得不考虑自己的事业不仅是一种收集经验的过程，也是一个连续不断地学习新事物的过程。5.人们可以总结说，我学东西是为了获得终生的就业机会，而我的孩子则需要终生学习，以维持就业。