2022年考博英语-中国人民解放军陆军装甲兵学院考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷38

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1、2022年考博英语-中国人民解放军陆军装甲兵学院考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 翻译题There is nothing worse than someone who is always late. Lateness can be a charming eccentricityfor a little while. The trouble is that Mr. or Mrs. Unpunctual soon starts causing inconvenience to other people. Thats when the cheerful acceptance gives wa

2、y to scorn and resentment.Its surprising how far the unpunctual person will go to inconvenience others. (1) For example, after accepting the offer of a lift to work the following morning, he or she will fail to turn up at the pick-up spot at the agreed time. Theres sure to be a convincing reason: lo

3、st door keys, a child with whooping cough, a cat stuck up an apple tree.The giver of the lift makes sure hes not late. Hes made the offer and now he feels responsible for it; come what maybe must keep his word. On the other hand, the person whos receiving the favor feels free to turn up 10, 15 or 30

4、 minutes after the time which had been agreed on. For him or her they are minutes of hurried activity earning the right to chauffeur-driven luxury; for the driverthe victimthey are minutes of sheer frustration, boredom and wasted time.Whats the result of this easy-going attitude? (2) Well, maybe the

5、 person who offered the lift gives up the seemingly endless wait and disappears, in which case the latecomer struggles to complete his days schedule later than ever. Wherever he goes he blames the lift for “letting him down”.Theres another equally likely result. (3) In this version of the story, the

6、 giver of the lift waits in loyal frustration at the side of the road for as long as his thoughtless passenger takes to reach the spot. Not only are both of them late for work, but the passenger tells his colleagues about the drivers impatience in traffic queues!So whats the answer? Perhaps there sh

7、ould be a subtle change in how we view time. At the moment we think of it as a very elastic commodity; we make vague arrangements to meet at about a certain time, and no one has a clear idea as to just how far that time will stretch. Will “about ten oclock” stretch to a quarter past tenor will it st

8、retch to half past ten? There are no fixed rules.【答案】1. 例如，在接受了第二天早上搭便车去上班的提议后，他或她将不在约定的时间内出现在上车地点。2. 好吧，也许那个提供便车的人放弃了看似无止境的等待，然后开车走了，在这种情况下，迟到的人会比以往更晚地完成他的日程安排。3. 在这个版本的故事中，只要这位粗心的乘客到达目的地，提供便车的人就会在路边失望地等待。2. 单选题Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see _.问题1选项A.who is heB.who it isC.who he isD.wh

9、o is it【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. who is he他是谁 B. who it is它是谁C. who he is他是谁 D. who is it它是谁【考查点】宾语从句。【解题思路】分析句子可知，空格处为宾语从句，跟在动词go和see的后面，根据前一句“有人在按门铃”可知，宾语从句引导要用who，从句要用陈述语气，who指的是someone，所以要用代词he，该题选择C项正确。【干扰项排除】A、D项不是陈述语气；B项it不指人。【句意】有人在按门铃。去看看他是谁。3. 单选题_ when she started to complaining.问题1选项A.Not until

10、he arrivedB.No sooner had he arrivedC.Scarcely did he arriveD.Hardly had he arrived【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. Not until he arrived直到他到达 B. No sooner had he arrived他一到达C. Scarcely did he arrive 他一到达 D. Hardly had he arrived他一到达【考查点】倒装句。【解题思路】根据句子中的when可知，scarcely/hardlywhen为倒装结构，表示“一就”，句子要部分倒装；根据started可知，事情发

11、生在过去，她开始抱怨是在他到达之后，所以空格处要用过去完成时，所以该题选择D项。【干扰项排除】A项不与when搭配；B项一般与than搭配。【句意】他刚到，她就开始抱怨起来。4. 不定项选择题New parents are annoying. They think you want to hear about every gurgle and baby-step. But it could be worse. When your boss has a sprog, watch your wallet.A study to be published next month in Administr

12、ative Science Quarterly looks at what happens to workers pay when a male boss has a child. Researchers tracked salaries at every firm in Denmark with more than ten employees between 1996 and 2006. (They confined themselves to male bosses partly because the sample of female bosses was too small.)Male

13、 bosses, it turns out, pay themselves significantly more once they become fathers. Even after controlling for factors such as age, length of tenure and the performance of the firm, the study found that bosses with daughters pay themselves 3.5% more than childless ones. If they have a son, that incre

14、ases to a hefty 6.4%. David Ross of Columbia Business School, one of the authors, says all fathers feel a duty to support their families. For grunts this means working harder. Bosses have the more agreeable option of raising their own wages.This is bad news for underlings. That extra money comes out

15、 of workers pockets, the study finds. Staff employed by a father is typically paid less. The amount depends on such things as the sex of the baby and whether it is his first child. Male employees bear the grunt: if the bosss child is a son, for example, they can expect 0.5% less salary than if he ha

16、dnt reproduced.Female staff fare better. After their bosss first child, they can expect to be paid a little more. Mr. Ross speculates that this might be because, having seen their wives go through childbirth, they start to respect women more. Alas, such goodwill doesnt last. Once the boss has a seco

17、nd child, female workers wages are likely to fall, just like mens.1. According to the passage, which of the following describes the study CORRECTLY?2. According to the passage, once they become fathers, male bosses tend to _.3. The study reveals that upon stepping into fatherhood, _.4. What does the

18、 sentence “Male employees bear the grunt” in paragraph 4 mean?5. After the bosss first child, compared with males, female workers are _.问题1选项A.It was conducted by a Denmark firm.B.It was a large-scale and longitudinal study.C.It was a systematic and time-consuming study.D.It tracked the salaries of

19、ten employees from every firm.问题2选项A.pay more to those with sonsB.make the firm earn more moneyC.differ due to factors such as age etc.D.take more money from their underlings问题3选项A.employees need to work harder than bossesB.bosses and employees differ in their options of dutyC.both bosses and employ

20、ees need to earn more moneyD.bosses are more agreeable than employees问题4选项A.Male employees are angry.B.Male employees suffer most.C.Male employees differ from others.D.Male employees complain about the situation.问题5选项A.in a different situationB.paid a little bit moreC.more respectedD.just like men【答

21、案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.【选项释义】1. According to the passage, which of the following describes the study CORRECTLY? 1. 根据文章，关于这项研究下列哪项描述是正确的？A. It was conducted by a Denmark firm. A. 它是由一家丹麦公司进行的。B. It was a large-scale and longitudinal study. B. 这是一项大规模的纵向研究。C. It was a systematic and time-co

22、nsuming study. C. 这是一项系统而耗时的研究。D. It tracked the salaries of ten employees from every firm. D. 它跟踪调查了每家公司十名员工的工资。【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据第二段的内容“下月即将在行政管理学季刊上发表的一项研究报告显示，当男性雇主有了孩子之后，员工的薪水会发生怎样的变化。1996年至2006年间，研究人员在丹麦对所有雇员人数十人以上的公司的员工薪水进行了跟踪调查（调查范围限于男性雇主，部分原因是由于女性雇主的样本过小）。”可知，这项研究对丹麦所有雇员超过十人的公司都进行了调查，目的是比较

23、员工的薪水在男性雇主有孩子之后有什么变化规律，这是一种纵向分析的调查，所以推断这项研究是一项大型的纵向研究，纵向研究(longitudinal study)也叫追踪研究，是指在一段相对长的时间内对同一个或同一批被试进行重复的研究。B项“这是一项大规模的纵向研究”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“它是由一家丹麦公司进行的”文中没有提及，属于无中生有；C项“这是一项系统而耗时的研究”根据解题思路可知，这项研究跨度十年，是一项耗时的研究，但是文中并没有依据能推断这项研究是系统的，所以该项曲解原文；D项“它追踪了每家公司十名员工的工资”根据解题思路可知，这项研究调查的是员工超过十人的公司的员工薪水，不是每

24、家公司十名员工的工资，该项曲解原文。2.【选项释义】2. According to the passage, once they become fathers, male bosses tend to _. 2. 根据这篇文章，男性老板一旦成为父亲，他们往往会_。A. pay more to those with sons A. 给那些有儿子的人更多的钱B. make the firm earn more money B. 让公司赚更多的钱C. differ due to factors such as age etc. C. 因年龄等因素而不同D. take more money from

25、their underlings D. 从下属那里拿走更多的钱【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据第三段第一句“事实证明，男性雇主在成为父亲之后，会对自己的薪酬更加慷慨”，以及第四段第二句“研究发现，超出的这部分钱来自员工的口袋”，综合理解可知，男性雇主一旦成为父亲，他们会给自己加薪，但是这部分钱却是来自于员工，所以D项“从下属那里拿走更多的钱”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“给那些有儿子的人更多的钱”根据第四段第三句“已为人父的老板手下员工的工资通常相对较低”可知，该项属于反向干扰；B项“让公司赚更多的钱”没有提及，无中生有；C项“因年龄等因素而不同”根据第三段第二句“尽管此项研究对年龄、任

26、职时间、公司业绩等因素进行了控制，但还是发现，生女儿的老板付给自己的薪酬比没有孩子的老板高出百分之三点五”可知，即便进行了年龄等因素的控制，研究还是发现男性雇主成为父亲之后就会给自己加薪，也就是说这不受年龄等因素的影响，所以该项反向干扰。3.【选项释义】3. The study reveals that upon stepping into fatherhood, _. 3. 研究显示，当成为父亲后，_。A. employees need to work harder than bosses A. 员工需要比老板更努力工作B. bosses and employees differ in th

27、eir options of duty B. 老板和雇员的职责选择不同C. both bosses and employees need to earn more money C. 老板和员工都需要赚更多的钱D. bosses are more agreeable than employees D. 老板比员工更讨人喜欢【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据第三段倒数第三句“该研究报告的作者之一哥伦比亚商学院的David Ross表示，所有父亲都会感到有挣钱养家的责任”可知，当一个男性成为了父亲，不管是老板还是普通员工都需要赚更多的钱养家，C项“老板和员工都需要赚更多的钱”符合题意。【干扰项排

28、除】A项“员工需要比老板更努力工作”根据解题思路可知，老板和员工都一样要努力赚钱，该项曲解原文；B项“老板和雇员的职责选择不同”和D项“老板比员工更讨人喜欢”没有提及，这两项无中生有。4.【选项释义】4. What does the sentence “Male employees bear the grunt” in paragraph 4 mean? 4. 第四段中“Male employees bear the brunt”这句话是什么意思？A. Male employees are angry. A. 男员工很生气。B. Male employees suffer most. B. 男

29、性员工遭受的损失最大。C. Male employees differ from others. C. 男性员工与其他员工不同。D. Male employees complain about the situation. D. 男员工抱怨这种情况。【考查点】词义推测题。【解题思路】根据题干定位至第四段最后一句“男性雇员bear the brunt：譬如说，如果老板的孩子是儿子，预计男员工的工资可能会比老板没有孩子的情况少0.5%”，从中可知，如果男性雇主的孩子是儿子，那么雇主将增加自己的薪酬，而这部分额外的薪酬来自于员工，男性员工的工资会比没有孩子的男性雇主少，也就是说男性员工将承受损失，故

30、推断Male employees bear the brunt表达的意思是“男性首当其冲地受到工资低的待遇”，故B项“男性员工遭受的损失最大”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“男员工很生气”、C项“男性员工与其他员工不同”和D项“男员工抱怨这种情况”在原文没有依据，属于无中生有。5.【选项释义】5. After the bosss first child, compared with males, female workers are _. 5. 老板生完第一个孩子后，与男性相比，女性员工_。A. in a different situation A. 所处境遇不同B. paid a little

31、 bit more B. 工资要稍微高一些C. more respected C. 更受尊重D. just like men D. 和男性员工一样【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据最后一段前两句“女性员工要好过一些。老板有了第一个孩子以后，预计她们的工资可能会提高一点。”可知，老板生完第一个孩子后，与男性相比，女性员工的待遇会好一点，A项“所处境遇不同”符合题意。【干扰项排除】B项“工资要稍微高一些”，文中只提到女性工资会有所增加，并没有说明是否比男性员工的工资高，该项属于曲解原文；C项“更受尊重”根据最后一段第三句“罗斯先生猜测，这可能是因为刚刚看到妻子经历分娩，老板开始更加尊重妇女的原

32、因”可知，受到尊重只是罗斯的个人猜测，该项出处错位；D项“和男性员工一样”根据解题思路可知，该项属于反向干扰。5. 不定项选择题No company likes to be told it is contributing to the moral decline of a nation. “Is this what you intended to accomplish with your careers?” Senator Robert Dole asked Time Warner executives last week. “You have sold your souls, but mus

33、t you corrupt our nation and threaten our children as well?” At Time Warner, however, such questions are simply the latest manifestation of the soul-searching that has involved the company ever since the company was born in 1990. Its a self-examination that has, at various times, involved issues of

34、responsibility, creative freedom and the corporate bottom line.At the core of this debate is the chairman Gerald Levin, 56, who took over for the late Steve Ross in 1992. On the financial front, Levin is under pressure to raise the stock price and reduce the companys mountainous debt, which will inc

35、rease to S17.3 billion after two new cable deals close. He has promised to sell off some of the property and restructure the company, but investors are waiting impatiently.The flap over rap is not making like any easier for him. Levin has consistently defended the companys rap music on the grounds o

36、f expression. In 1992, when Time Warner was under fire for releasing Ice-Ts violent rap song Cop Killer, Levin described rap as a lawful expression of street culture, which deserves an outlet. “The test of any democratic society,” he wrote in a Wall Street Journal column, “lies not in how well it ca

37、n control expression but in whether it gives freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude, however disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be. We wont retreat in the face of any threats.”Levin would not comment on the debate last week, but there were signs that the chair

38、man was backing off his hard-line stand, at least to some extent. During the discussion of rock singing verses at last months stockholder meeting, Levin asserted that “music is not the cause of societys ills” and even cited his son, a teacher in the Bronx, New York, who uses rap to communicate with

39、students. But he talked as well about the “balanced struggle” between creative freedom and social responsibility, and he announced that the company would launch a drive to develop standards for distribution and labeling of potentially objectionable music.The 15 member Time Warner board is generally

40、supportive of Levin and his corporate strategy. But insiders say several of them have shown their concerns in this matter. “Some of us have known for many, many years that the freedoms under the First Amendment are not totally unlimited,” says Luce, “I think it is perhaps the case that some people a

41、ssociated with the company have only recently come to realize this.”1. Senator Robert Dole criticized Time Warner for _.2. According to the text, which of the following is TRUE?3. Levin, according to the text, is probably _.4. In face of the recent attacks on the company, the chairman _.5. The best

42、title for this text could be _.问题1选项A.its self-examination of soulB.its emphasis on creative freedomC.its neglect of social responsibilityD.its raising of the corporate stock price问题2选项A.Steve Ross is no longer alive.B.Gerald Levin is liable to compromise.C.Luce is a spokesman of Time Warner.D.Time

43、Warner is united as one in the face of the debate.问题3选项A.a defendant of rap musicB.a pioneer of street cultureC.an advocate of music reformD.an opponent of music innovation问题4选项A.changed his attitude and yielded to objectionB.softened his tone and adopted some new policyC.received more support from

44、the 15-member boardD.stuck to a strong stand to defend freedom of expression问题5选项A.A Debate on Moral DeclineB.A Form of Creative FreedomC.A Lawful Outlet of Street CultureD.A Company under Fire【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.【选项释义】1. Senator Robert Dole criticized Time Warner for _. 1. 参议员罗伯特多尔指责

45、时代华纳公司_。A. its self-examination of soul A. 对灵魂的反省B. its emphasis on creative freedom B. 对创作自由的强调C. its neglect of social responsibility C. 对社会责任的忽视D. its raising of the corporate stock price D. 对抬高公司股价的行为【答案】C【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干定位至第一段的内容“没有一家公司乐意听到别人说自己引起了社会的道德败坏。参议员罗伯特多尔上星期质问时代华纳公司高级人员时说：难道这就是你们要

46、成就的事业吗？你们已经出卖了自己的灵魂，难道你们还非要腐化我们的国家，威胁我们的孩子不成？”可知，多尔指责的是该公司带来的社会影响；然后根据第三段最后一句中公司董事长莱文的话“任何一个民主社会的检验不在于它能多有效地控制各种情感的表达，而在于是否给予了人们思考和表达的最广泛的自由”，也就是说强调创作自由，而后第四段莱文改变态度，倒数第二句提到“但他也谈到了创作自由和社会责任之间要保持平衡的问题”，可见，多尔参议员所指责的正是公司的音乐作品所带来的不良社会影响，即忽视了社会责任，故该题选择C项“对社会责任的忽视”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“对灵魂的反省”，第一段倒数第二句指出“对时代沃纳公司来

47、说，多尔所质疑的问题只不过是公司自1990年创立以来一直所进行的自我反省（soul-searching）的最新表述”可知，多尔质疑的这些问题是该公司对自身的反省，但并不是多尔真正指责的地方，该项曲解原文；B项“对创作自由的强调”根据解题思路来看，多尔并没有关心该公司的创作自由，而是该公司董事长莱文关注的重点，该项张冠李戴；D项“对抬高公司股价的行为”根据解题思路来看，多尔关心的并不是该公司的经济状况，该项出处错位。2.【选项释义】2. According to the text, which of the following is TRUE? 2. 根据文章，下列哪个选项是正确的？A. Ste

48、ve Ross is no longer alive. A. 斯蒂夫罗斯已经去世了。B. Gerald Levin is liable to compromise. B. 杰拉尔德莱文很容易妥协。C. Luce is a spokesman of Time Warner. C. 卢斯是时代华纳的发言人。D. Time Warner is united as one in the face of the debate. D. 面对这场争论，时代华纳团结一致。【答案】A【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据第二段第一句“于1992年接替已故董事长斯蒂夫罗斯（the late Steve Ross）

49、的56岁的现任董事长杰拉德莱文是争论的焦点人物”可知，前董事长斯蒂夫罗斯已经去世了，其中late表示“迟到的，已故的”，一般来讲，该词加在人名或称呼前时译作“已故的”，所以该题选择A项“斯蒂夫罗斯已经去世了”符合题意。【干扰项排除】B项“杰拉尔德莱文很容易妥协”根据第三段最后一句莱文所说的话“任何一个民主社会的检验不在于它能多有效地控制各种情感的表达，而在于是否给予了人们思考和表达的最广泛的自由，尽管有时这种结果会引起争论和愤怒。我们不会在任何威胁面前退却。”可以看出，莱文并非是个易于妥协的人，该项属于反向干扰；C项“卢斯是时代华纳的发言人”，根据最后一段第二三句“但内部人士（insiders

50、）表示，他们中的一些人已经表达了对此事的担忧。鲁斯说，我们中的一些人多年来早就知道宪法第一修正案所说的自由并非毫无限制，我想与公司有关系的一些人可能是最近才意识到这一点。”可知，他的话说明了公司领导内部对处理创作自由和社会影响这一对矛盾上的不同看法、也暗含着对公司一贯政策（过于强调创作自由）的批评；可见，他并非公司指派的发言人，而仅代表自己，该项曲解原文；D项“面对这场争论，时代华纳团结一致”根据C项的解题思路可知，时代华纳公司内部并非团结一致的，该项曲解原文。3.【选项释义】3. Levin, according to the text, is probably _. 3. 根据文章，莱文可

51、能是_。A. a defendant of rap music A. 说唱音乐的被告人B. a pioneer of street culture B. 街头文化的先驱C. an advocate of music reform C. 音乐改革的倡导者D. an opponent of music innovation D. 音乐创新的反对者【答案】B【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据第三段第二句“莱文一向以它（说唱音乐）是一种富于表现力的演唱方式为理由来捍卫公司的说唱音乐”和第三句“1992年公司因出品Ice-T乐队狂暴的说唱歌曲警察杀手后备受谴责时，莱文说这是街头文化的合法表达方式，它

52、应该有自己的宣泄途径”可知，莱文对于说唱音乐是非常拥护的，并且他认为这是街头文化的一种合法表达方式，综合理解可以推断，莱文可能是街头文化的先驱者，所以B项“街头文化的先驱”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“说唱音乐的被告人”根据解题思路可知，莱文是支持说唱音乐的，不可能成为其被告人，该项属于反向干扰；C项“音乐改革的倡导者”，原文没有提及音乐改革，该项无中生有；D项“音乐创新的反对者”根据第四段最后一句“莱文还宣布公司将致力于为一些人们可能会反感的音乐制定发行和标识的标准”可知，莱文并不反对，反而很支持，该项属于反向干扰。4.【选项释义】4. In face of the recent attac

53、ks on the company, the chairman _. 4. 面对最近对公司的攻击，董事长_。A. changed his attitude and yielded to objection A. 改变了态度，不再反对B. softened his tone and adopted some new policy B. 语气变软，并采取了一些新政策C. received more support from the 15-member board C. 从15名董事会成员那里得到了更多支持D. stuck to a strong stand to defend freedom of

54、 expression D. 坚持捍卫言论自由的强硬立场【答案】B【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】第四段第一句指出“莱文不愿对上周的辩论做出评论，但有迹象表明这位董事长的强硬立场起码在一定程度上有所缓和”可知，莱文强硬的语气有所缓和，然后他举了他儿子的例子强调音乐并不会引起社会丑恶现象，接着最后两句指出“但他也谈到了创作自由和社会责任之间要保持平衡的问题。他还宣布公司将致力于为一些人们可能会反感的音乐制定发行和标识的标准。”可见，莱文在做出妥协姿态的同时，也采取了实际的行动，所以B项“语气变软，并采取了一些新政策”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“改变了态度，不再反对”根据解题思路可知，莱文只是

55、在一定程度上进行了让步，并不是完全不反对，该项曲解原文；C项“从15名董事会成员那里得到了更多支持”，根据最后一段第二三句“但内部人士表示，他们中的一些人已经表达了对此事的担忧。鲁斯说，我们中的一些人多年来早就知道宪法第一修正案所说的自由并非毫无限制，我想与公司有关系的一些人可能是最近才意识到这一点。”可知，公司领导内部对处理创作自由和社会影响这一对矛盾上有不同看法，换言之董事会意见出现了分歧，该项属于曲解原文；D项“坚持捍卫言论自由的强硬立场”根据解题思路可知，莱文在一定程度上进行了让步，所以该项属于曲解原文。5.【选项释义】5. The best title for this text c

56、ould be _. 5. 这篇文章最好的标题是_。A. A Debate on Moral Decline A. 关于道德沦丧的争论B. A Form of Creative Freedom B. 一种创造自由的形式C. A Lawful Outlet of Street Culture C. 街头文化的合法输出D. A Company under Fire D. 遭到责难的公司【答案】D【考查点】主旨大意题。【解题思路】通读全文，根据第一段的内容可知，该文讲述的内容主要是时代华纳公司因为忽视社会责任而被受到指责，然后第二至四段讲述该公司董事长对这一指责的立场，以及为之采取的实际行动，最后一

57、段则暗示公司内部对处理创作自由和社会影响这一对矛盾上由不同的分歧；综合理解可知，本文主要是评述了时代华纳公司因发行新音乐专辑而受到的责难及其反应，所以D项“遭到责难的公司”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“关于道德沦丧的争论”，时代华纳公司所被指责的主要是它对社会责任的忽视，而并非它所发行的作品所带来的实际道德上的影响，该项过度推断；B项“一种创造自由的形式”和C项“街头文化的合法输出”只有部分提及，并不能概括全文，属于以偏概全。6. 单选题Lest anyone _ it strange, let me assure you that it is quite true.问题1选项A.though

58、tB.had thoughtC.should thinkD.thinking【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. thought认为 B. had thought认为C. should think认为 D. thinking认为【考查点】虚拟语气。【解题思路】lest表示“以免”，在这表示一种假设的情况，所以要用虚拟语气should do，故空格处要填入should think，该题选择C项。【干扰项排除】A、B、D项不符合虚拟语气用法。【句意】以免有人大惊小怪，我在此证实事实属实。7. 翻译题1. When education fails to keep pace with technolog

59、y, the result is inequality. Without the skills to stay useful as innovations arrive, workers sufferand if enough of them fall behind, society starts to fall apart. That fundamental insight seized reformers in the Industrial Revolution, heralding state- funded universal schooling. Later, automation

60、in factories and offices called forth a surge in college graduates. The combination of education and innovation, spread over decades, led to a remarkable flowering of prosperity. Today robotics and artificial intelligence call for another education revolution.【答案】1. 当教育跟不上科技的发展，结果就是不公平。科技创新到来之时，如果工人

61、的技术不再有用，他们就会吃亏，而当被淘汰的工人太多时，社会就会开始分裂。在工业革命时期，当时的改革者们抓住了这种基本的观点，随之带来的就是由国家出资的全民教育。后来，工业和办公自动化又带来了大学生的激增。数十年来，教育和科技创新的结合，造就了令人瞩目的繁荣之花。今天，机器人和人工智能呼吁着另一场教育变革。8. 单选题The hindsight bias refers to a pervasive human tendency for people to be remarkably adept at referring a process _ the outcome is known but b

62、e unable to predict outcomes _ only the processes and precipitating events are known.问题1选项A.although; ifB.once; whenC.when; in caseD.where; for【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. although; if尽管；如果 B. once; when曾经；当C. when; in case当；以防万一 D. where; for哪里；为了【考查点】连词辨析。【解题思路】根据句意“事后诸葛亮偏见指的是一种普遍存在的人类倾向，即_结果已知，人们就会非常熟练地引用某个

63、过程，但_只有过程和突发事件已知时，他们却无法预测结果”可知，第一个空格处表示的是条件，知道了结果，才会熟练引用某个过程，所以第一个空格填入if或者once符合；第二个空格根据句意可知，此处表示时间，填入when符合；故该题选择B项。【干扰项排除】A、C、D项由解题思路可知，这三项不符合句子逻辑。【句意】“事后诸葛亮偏见”指的是一种普遍存在的人类倾向，即一旦结果已知，人们就会非常熟练地引用某个过程，但当只有过程和突发事件已知时，他们却无法预测结果。9. 单选题_ is known to the world, Mark Twain is a great American writer.问题1选项A.ThatB.W