整理版高中英语单词巧记句型语法剖析

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1、单词巧记+句型语法剖析三点剖析单词巧记典句考点【巧记提示】 a+loud (adj.大声地)【经典例句】 Reading aloud is necessary for every English learner.朗读对每一个英语学习者来说都是必要的。【考点聚焦】 1当朗读课文时，一定要用aloud。如：Reading aloud is different from reading loudly.朗读课文与大声地读课文是有区别的。2与aloud 意思相近的词为loudly。当表示“大声地时两个词可以相互代替。如：Who is knocking at the door loudly (aloud)

2、?谁在大声地敲门？【巧记提示】 memor(y)( n.记忆力 +-ize (动词后缀【经典例句】 He is the person who can memorize everything he sees.他就是那个过目不忘的人。【考点聚焦】 掌握它的名词memory 的用法。 1作“记忆，纪念讲时，memory 是不可数名词。如：In memory of Lei Feng,we made a film.为了纪念雷锋，我们拍了一部电影。2当memory 指的是“个人的记忆力或记忆的事情时，是可数的。如：He has a bad memory for dates.他对日期的记忆力很差。memor

3、ies of childhood 童年时的记忆。【巧记提示】 different(adj.不同)+-ly(副词后缀)【经典例句】 Trying to act differently can not be always right.举止与众不同，不会总是对的。【考点聚焦】 注意different adj.,difference n.及differently adv.的词性的不同。如：Everyone is different from the others.每一个人都与其他的人不同。I can not tell the differences between these two pictures

4、.我说不出这两幅图之间的区别。He always thinks differently.他的想法总是与众不同。【活学活用】 1.请用different的适当形式填空1)How many can you see?2)If you do it ,maybe you will find a new way.3)The twins look .【巧记提示】 quick (adj.快的)+- ly(副词后缀)【经典例句】 You must pass the ball as quickly as you can.你必须尽可能快地传球。【考点聚焦】 请认真把握quickly与fast 的区别。1quickl

5、y与fast两者都可以表示速度快，此时它们可以相互代替。如：You speak too fast(quickly).你说得太快了。当表示钟表的时间快，比某人快多少时间时，只能用fast。如：My watch is five minutes fast.我的表快5分钟。当表示动作迅速时，我们只能使用quickly。如：Come here quickly.快来这儿。【巧记提示】 excite (v.兴奋+-d (形容词后缀)【经典例句】 Toby is excited about playing computer games.托比对玩电脑游戏很是兴奋。【考点聚焦】 1be excited to do

6、 something与be excited about doing something都是“对做什么事情感到兴奋的意思，两者可以作为同义句相互转换。2注意区别exciting 与excited。单词后面加-ing的是修饰事物的，单词后加-ed是形容人的感受的。如：Surfing is exciting.冲浪是很刺激的。I felt excited when I heard the exciting news.当我听到这个消息时我感到很兴奋。【活学活用】 2.根据汉语提示，写出以下单词的正确形式1)Tom is in Chinese.(兴趣)2)That story book is .(无聊)3

7、)How it is to watch TV.(放松)4)We were all about his coming.(兴奋)答案：1.1)differences2differently3different2.1interested2 boring3relaxing4excited3.A【巧记提示】 spoken(口语的spot(看见)【经典例句】 Your spoken English needs improving.你的英语口语需要提高。【考点聚焦】 spoken English意思是“英语口语；English speaking countries意思是“说英语的国家，请注意两个词组的意思的

8、区别。【活学活用】 3.模拟Britain,Australia and New Zealand are countries.A.English speakingB.English speakC.spoken EnglishD.speak English【巧记提示】 ch+all(都)+enge【经典例句】 Can you challenge him to play CS？你能挑战他玩反恐吗？【考点聚焦】 1challenge 可以作为名词使用。如：The population problem is a great challenge of the world today.人口问题是当今世界的一

9、个巨大挑战。2challenge 可以作为动词使用。如：He challenged me to play another tennis game.他向我挑战要我跟他再打一场网球。【巧记提示】 learn (v.学习+-er(名词后缀)【经典例句】 He is a good English learner.他是一个很会学英语的人。【考点聚焦】 1learn 的过去式有两种：learned 或learnt。learned 可以作为形容词使用，意为“博学的，此时不能用learnt。如：He is a learned man.他是一个博学的人。2注意把握动词learn 与介词搭配的不同用法。如：You

10、 must learn everything by heart.你必须用心学任何事情。He is our example,we should learn from him.他是我们的典范，我们应该向他学习。与之变化相似的词还有listener,talker。如：He is not a good talker.他不太会说话。He is a good listener.他是个很好的倾诉对象(他乐意听人说话。【巧记提示】 un (没有+less (小【经典例句】 My baby sister never cries unless she is hungry.我刚出生的妹妹除非饿了，她是从来不哭的。【

11、考点聚焦】 unless 引导的条件状语从句，从句一定要用一般现在时代替将来时。如：Ill go to the movie unless it rains tomorrow.除非明天下雨，否那么我要去看电影。【巧记提示】 regard(将视作reward(奖励【经典例句】 He regards money as his life.他视财如命。【考点聚焦】 1掌握词组regard as 将视作。如：I regard him as my best friend.我视他为我最好的朋友。2regard 用于信尾表示问候，要用复数。如：Please give my best regards to you

12、r brother.请把我最美好的问候带给你的哥哥。【巧记提示】 duty(责任beauty(美丽)【经典例句】 Who is on duty?谁值日？【考点聚焦】 固定句型 It is ones duty to do sth.意思是“做事情是某人的职责。如：It is our duty to keep the classroom clean and tidy.保持教室干净整洁是我们的责任。【巧记提示】 pr+act(活动+ice (冰【经典例句】 Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧。【考点聚焦】 practice 后接动词时，应该用动词的-ing形式。【巧记提示】 eas

13、i(y(adj.容易的+-ly (副词后缀【经典例句】 I can PK 4 hard enemies easily in the game Red Alert.在红色警戒游戏中，我能轻松干掉4个冷酷的敌人。【考点聚焦】 其形容词形式是easy，意思是“容易的。如：Saying is easier than doing.说起来容易，做起来难。短语巧记典句考点not at all 一点也不【经典例句】 I dont like him at all.我一点都不喜欢他。【考点聚焦】 1at all用于否认句中,表示“一点也不。如：He is not interested in Chinese at

14、all.对中文，他一点都不感兴趣。2)at all 用于肯定句中，表示“最少程度的。如：If you are at all worried,you neednt do it.如你感到有丝毫的担忧，你就不需要做这件事。be afraid to do 不敢做【经典例句】 I used to be afraid to go out alone at night.我过去晚上害怕一个人出去。【考点聚焦】 固定搭配be afraid to do sth.与 be afraid of doing sth.可以互相替换。如：He is afraid of falling off the tree.他害怕从树上

15、掉下来。He is afraid of quarrelling with his father.他不敢同他的爸爸争吵。take notes 记笔记【经典例句】 As a student,you should take notes in class.作为一个学生,你应该上课记笔记。我的记忆卡记住与take 相关的词组take with随身带take an active part in 积极参加 take your time 慢慢来 take care of 照顾 take place 发生 take off 脱下 take away 拿走take to带到 be angry with 对某人生气

16、【经典例句】 He is angry with everybody and at everything.他看任何人任何事都不顺眼。【考点聚焦】 1be angry with 后面加人，be angry at 后面加事物。2)be angry 当中的be 动词也可以为get 或者 become，意思是“变得对某人或者某事生气。如：When he heard the bad news,he became angry with me.当他听到这个坏消息时，他开始生我的气。deal with 对付；处理【经典例句】 How would you deal with an armed burglar？ 你

17、怎样对付武装了的强盗？【考点聚焦】 1deal with 不但有“对付的意思，还有“与某人有生意往来的意思。如：Do you deal with Smith?你跟史密斯有生意往来吗？2deal 可以作为名词使用，意为“交易。如：Well,you help learn English,and I help you learn Chinese.Its a deal.好，你帮我学英语，我帮你学汉语，就这么定了。句子剖析拓展 Lin Chang said that joining the English club at school was the best way to improve Englis

18、h.林昌说，参加的英语俱乐部，是提高英语的最好方式。【剖析】 1这是一个含有动名词的宾语从句，主句是Lin Chang said，从句是joining the English club at school was the best way to improve English。2joining the English club at school是动名词短语作从句的主语。【拓展】 还可以使用不定式作句子的主语。如：To walk in the light rain is a romantic thing.在小雨中散步是一件浪漫的事情。First of all,it wasnt easy for

19、 me to understand the teacher when she talked to the class.【剖析】 1主句it wasnt easy for me to understand the teacher，在这句子当中，it 作形式主语。真正的主语是不定式to understand the teacher。2when she talked to the class 是一个when 引导的时间状语从句。【拓展】 有时也会遇到It is+adj.+of somebody to do something.这一句式。如：It is shy of you to say nothin

20、g.什么都不说，你真害羞。Then I started to write my own original sentences using the grammar that I am learning.然后，我开始用我所学的语法，来描绘我自己母语当中的句子。【剖析】 1这是一个分词短语作状语，状语中含有定语从句的句子。2句子主干是Then I started to write my own original sentences，using the grammar是现在分词短语作状语，the grammar that I am learning是一个定语从句，先行词是the grammar。【拓展

21、】 过去分词也可以作状语。如：Seen from the top of the mountain,the city looks beautiful.从山顶上看，这个城市看上去很漂亮。语法剖析verb+by doing1.掌握verb+by doing 本单元这一最根本的句式结构，它表示“通过方式，做事情。如：How do you learn English?I learn it by reading aloud every day.你怎样学英语?我通过每天朗读来学它。How do you go to school?I go to school by taking the bus.你怎样上学？我

22、乘车上学。How do you know so much?I know it by surfing Internet.你是怎样知道这么多的？我是上网知道的。读下面的小对话，用practice的适当形式填空。 答案：practicing2.by 后加名词，意为“通过，用对采取的手段、方式等作出说明。如：We want to settle this by direct negotiation with them.我们想通过和他们直接谈判解决这个问题。We have to express our thought by action.我们要用行为表达我们的思想。The money will be ch

23、ecked by check.这笔钱将用支票支付。Time devours all things.时间吞噬万物。3.by 后加数字、百分数表示增减的程度。如：The number increased by 200 every month.数字以每月200的速度增加。Production fell by 30%.产量减低了30%。典题精讲例1海淀I study for a test working with a group.D.to思路解析：此题考查介词区别。四个选项都有介词的词性，但只有by是表示“方式，途径的介词，故应选B。例2The sports meet will continue it

24、 rains this afternoon.C.as soon asD.unless思路解析：A项if意为“如果，引导一个条件状语从句，它也可作“是否之意，引导一个宾语从句。B项意为“自从，引导一个时间状语从句，也可表“因为之意，引导一个原因状语从句。C项意为“一就，引导一个时间状语从句；D项意为“除非，如果不，引导一个条件状语从句。只有D项符合句意“运动会将继续，除非今天下午下雨。例3模拟There are many ways to make a living.Edison Green does it by newspaper.B.to sell思路解析：by后面加动词ing形式，意思是“通

25、过。句子的意思是“有很多种方式可以谋生，爱迪生格林的谋生手段是卖报纸。例4Listen! She is practicing bananas.A.cut upB.cutting upC.cuting upD.to cut up 思路解析：practice 后加动词的-ing形式，cut加-ing时要双写t。答案：B黑色陷井：此题有两处陷阱：一是知道 practice 后用doing,但句中的practicing容易迷惑学生，认为前面有ing形式了，后面就忽略了； 二是cut 加-ing 应该双写t,即cutting。绿色通道：像practice一样，后面加动词-ing 形式的单词、词组还有en

26、joy,finish,mind,have fun以一个元音字母加辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节单词加-ing时，应该双写末尾的辅音字母。如：stopping,swimming,getting,digging.。例5 I have learned about that.A .a lotB.a lot ofC.lots ofD.a lots of思路解析：四个选项中只有a lot有副词词性可以修饰动词learn。D项是错误的表述，B、C两项只修饰名词。答案：A绿色通道：表示“多少，修饰动词时，除了a lot 外还有much,little,a little。如：I know much about it.对

27、那件事情，我知道很多。(此时much,可以换为a lot如：She usually thinks little for others.她常常几乎不为别人着想。例6 Time by.He became old and helpless.D.gone思路解析：由后面的动词became可以推断，此题是过去时态，D项是过去分词。句子的意思是“随着时间的流逝，他变得又老又无助。答案：C例7 His brother the Communist Party when he was twenty.B.took part inC.joined inD.joined to 思路解析:join in=take pa

28、rt in 后面加活动，join 后加由人组成的团体、组织。因为Communist Party意思是“共产党，表示“组织。答案：A原创题阅读下面五小段短文，找出能代表本段主题的最正确选项。1.I met with you for the next time on a bus on my way to my office.But you didnt see me (perhaps you didnt know me at all).At the cinema you got off and I followed you until you went in a clothing shop.I as

29、ked one of your workmates and knew you worked here.That morning I was late but I was quite happy.2.I think you shouldnt worry at all.Maybe shes just as shy as you.What about giving her some flowers or just a short message?Say something like this:“Id really like to know you but I dont know how. Shell

30、 probably be excited to know shes got a fan!3.When I was watching TV,I knew most people in a small country were short of food and some of them died of hunger.I came to the country and told the officials(官员)about it.Of course they were very happy and took me to the poorest place.4.I was a newspaper b

31、oy when I was fourteen years old.I usually got up early and sent newspapers to the houses of the people in all kinds of weather.I had more and more customers because of my hard work.Sometimes I got tips from them!5.Im fortynine.I once worked in a middle school,but I thought I was badly paid and foun

32、d work in an office when I was fortythree.I worked hard,but I was still got a lower pay!A.Talking about ones falling in loveB.Helping others,helping yourselvesC.Talking about ones problemsD.Working but feeling happyE.Giving suggestions参考答案：1.A2.E3.B4.D5.C思路解析：1.结合常识，根据表达的语气及“That morning I was late

33、but I was quite happy.可知，A是本段落的主题句。2.从“What about giving her some flowers or just a short message?Say something like this:及“Shell probably be excited to know shes got a fan!可知，本段是给陷入恋爱困境的人提建议，所以选E(Giving suggestions。3.救助贫困中的人们，我从中得到了快乐，所以B(Helping others,helping yourselves是本段落的主题句。4.从“I usually got

34、up early and.in all kinds of weather.及“because of my hard work.可知“我工作非常勤奋，“I had more and more customers和“Sometimes I got tips from them!说明“我工作着并快乐着！所以D(Working but feeling happy是本段落的主题句。5.Im forty-nine.but I thought I was badly paid and found work in an office when I was forty-three.I worked hard,but I was still got a lower pay!说明“我对工作及薪水非常不满，为此“我很苦恼，所以C(Talking about ones problems是本段落的主题句。绿色通道：如何寻找主题句、把握文章或段落主旨是重要的阅读能力之一。主题句在文章中的位置要视文章的结构、题材及体裁而定，但有时也不明显，需要对文章或段落进行分析、加工、概括、提炼。如此题中的几个段落都需要读者一定的归纳、概括能力。巧学法园地需要用定冠词的名词歌诀：独一无二最高级，山河海岛奏乐器。阶级党派上报纸，国家组织上杂志。已说过的人或事，同一东西大家知。姓氏前是“一家子，序数前表“第几。