2022年考博英语-华东师范大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第88期

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1、2022年考博英语-华东师范大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Historically, humans get serious about avoiding disasters only after one has just struck them.（1）that logic, 2006 should have been a breakthrough year for rational behavior. With the memory of 9/11 still（2）in their minds. American watched hurricane Katrina, the

2、 most expensive disaster in U.S. history, on（3）worse by our willful blindness to risk as much as（5）to work together before everything goes to hell.Granted, some amount of delusion is probably part of the（6）condition. In A. D. 63, Pompeii was seriously damaged by an earthquake, and the locals immedia

3、tely went to work（7）,in the same snot until they were buried altogether by a volcano eruption 16 years later. But a（8）of the past year in disaster history suggests that modern Americans are particularly bad at（9）themselves from guaranteed threats. We know more than we（10）did about the dangers we fac

4、e. But it turns（11）that in times of crisis, our greatest enemy isthe storm, the quake or the（13）itself. More often, it is ourselves.So what has happened in the year that（14）the disaster on the Gulf Coast? In New Orleans, the Army Corps of Engineers has worked day and night to rebuild the flood walls

5、. They have got the walls to（15）they were before Katrina, more or less. Thats not（16）,we can now say with confidence. But it may be all（17）can be expected from one year of hustle.Meanwhile, New Orleans officials have crafted a plan to use buses and trains to（18）the sick and the disabled. The city es

6、timates that 15, 000 people will need a（19）out. However, state officials have not yet determined where these people will be taken. The（20）with neighboring communities are ongoing and difficult.问题1选项A.ToB.ByC.OnD.For问题2选项A.freshB.obviousC.apparentD.evident问题3选项A.visualB.vividC.liveD.lively问题4选项A.litt

7、leB.lessC.moreD.much问题5选项A.reluctanceB.rejectionC.denialD.decline问题6选项A.naturalB.worldC.socialD.human问题7选项A.revisingB.refiningC.rebuildingD.retrieving问题8选项A.reviewB.reminderC.conceptD.prospect问题9选项A.preparingB.protestingC.protectingD.prevailing问题10选项A.neverB.everC.thenD.before问题11选项A.upB.downC.overD

8、.out问题12选项A.merelyB.rarelyC.incidentallyD.accidentally问题13选项A.surgeB.spurC.surfD.splash问题14选项A.ensuedB.tracedC.followedD.occurred问题15选项A.whichB.whereC.whatD.when问题16选项A.enoughB.certainC.conclusiveD.final问题17选项A.butB.asC.thatD.those问题18选项A.exileB.evacuateC.dismissD.displace问题19选项A.rideB.trailC.pathD.

9、track问题20选项A.conventionsB.notificationsC.communicationsD.negotiations【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D第5题:A第6题:D第7题:C第8题:A第9题:C第10题:B第11题:D第12题:B第13题:A第14题:C第15题:C第16题:A第17题:C第18题:B第19题:A第20题:D【解析】（1）By that logic为常用搭配, 意为按照这个逻辑。（2）根据原文可知这里应该是表示记忆犹新的意思, 只有选项A符合。（3）live除了有生活的意思之外, 还有现场直播的意思, 符合原文文意。visual视觉的；

10、vivid生动活泼的；lively活泼的。（4）worse为比较级, 前面修饰的副词只能用原级, 不能再用比较级。首先排除选项B和C。根据原文, 这里指会让事情变得更糟糕, much表示很, 非常, 所以选项D符合原文。（5）reluctance指不情愿；rejection指拒绝；denial否定；decline拒绝。根据句意：“因为人们都在装傻, 事情变得更糟糕, 除非真的死到临头了, 否则人们都会尽最大可能不合作”。这里指不情愿合作。（6）结合文章内容可知，本文涉及的主体是人，所以这里应该指一些欺骗是人类的生存条件的一部分。（7）revising 指修订；refining 指提炼；rebu

11、ilding 重建；retrieving 指重新得到。地震之后需要重建, 选项C符合句意。（8）review指回顾；reminder指提醒,暗示；concept指概念,prospect指希望。根据原文, 这里指回顾过去一年灾难性的历史。（9）protect sb. from sth为固定搭配, 指保护某人免受某事。prepare准备；protest抗议；prevail流行, 成功。（10）根据句意：我们比以前更了解我们面临的危险。then、never不符合文意, 而before做副词时一般放在句末或后面跟名词。（11）turn out that/ turn out to be sth.指结果是

12、, 符合原文；turn up出现；turn down拒绝；turn over反复考虑。（12）merely仅仅,只不过；rarely很少；incidentally和accidentally意思都是偶然地。根据原文“我们的敌人常常不是灾难, 而是自己”。选项B符合原文。（13）surge汹涌澎湃, 巨浪, 急速上升；spur刺激；穿刺；surf海浪；冲浪；splash溅。只有surge可与暴风雨, 地震等并列为自然灾害。选项A正确。（14）根据原文：紧接着墨西哥湾岸区的灾祸之后, 又发生了什么？ ensue指接着发生, 是不及物动词, 后面需要接from；occur发生；trace追踪。选项C符

13、合原文。（15）根据句意：他们把防洪墙重建成卡特里那飓风之前那样。What在这里引导名词性从句做宾语“防洪墙”的补语。（16）根据原文, 但是这还不够, 为习惯用法。（17）考查定语从句。all为先行词, that为关系代词指代all。（18）exile指流放；evacuate指撤离；dismiss指解散；displace指使.无家可归。这里指“撤走那些伤残人员”。选项B符合文意。（19）根据上文提到用火车, 大巴撤离灾民, 这里ride与bus和train对应, 表示“搭乘”的意思。（20）根据原文：与邻近社区的协商正在艰难地进行当中。选项D符合原文。2. 单选题It might be su

14、pposed that greater efficiency should be achieved if several people collaborate to solve a problem than if only one individual works on it. The assumption is by no means invariably true.Although groups often may increase the motivation of their members to deal with problems, there is a counter-balan

15、cing need to contend with conflicts arising among members of a group and to give it coherent directions. Problem-solving is facilitated by the presence of an effective leader who not only provides direction but permits the orderly, constructive expression of a variety of opinions; much of the leader

16、s effort may be devoted to resolving differences. Success in problem-solving also depends on the distribution of ability within a group. Solutions simply may reflect the presence of an outstanding individual who might perform even better by himself.Although groups may reach a greater number of corre

17、ct solutions, or may require less time to discover an answer, their net man-hour efficiency is typically lower than that achieved by skilled individuals working alone.A process called brainstorming has been offered as a method of facilitating the production of new solutions to problems. In brainstor

18、ming, a problem is presented to a group of people who then proceed to offer whatever they can think of, regardless of quality and with as few inhibitions as possible. Theoretically these unrestricted suggestions increase the probability that at least some superior solutions will emerge. Nevertheless

19、, studies show that when individuals work alone under similar conditions, performance tends to proceed more efficiently than it does in groups.Under special circumstances, however, a group may solve problems more effectively than does a reasonably competent individual. Group members may contribute d

20、ifferent (and essential) resources to a solution that no individual can readily achieve alone; such pooling of information and skills can make group achievements superior in dealing with selected problems. Sometimes social demands may require group agreement on a single alternative, as in formulatin

21、g national economic or military policies under democratic governments. When only one among several alternative solutions is correct, even if a group requires more time, it has a higher probability of identifying the right one than does an individual alone.1.In this passage, the author argues that th

22、inking in groups（）2.The phrase contend with in Paragraph Two most probably means （）3.According to the author, compared with an individual, a group （）4.The word brainstorming in Paragraph Four roughly means（）5.It can be seen from the passage that a group will be more efficient in（）问题1选项A.is the best

23、way to solve any problemsB.is by no means useful in problem-solvingC.may result in effective problem-solving under certain circumstancesD.will inevitably produce greater efficiency in problem-solving than individual thinking问题2选项A.handleB.argue withC.satisfyD.compete with问题3选项A.may need more time to

24、 discover an answerB.needs an effective leader to provide directionC.often fails to resolve conflicts among its membersD.will always produce better suggestions问题4选项A.offering a method of facilitating the production of new solutions to problemsB.unrestrained offering of ideas and suggestions by a gro

25、up of people to seek solutions to problemsC.increasing the efficiency in problem-solving by working with each otherD.forcing people to work together to solve a problem问题5选项A.solving problems that need intensive studyB.analyzing information and dataC.dealing with national problemsD.selecting the best

26、 solution to a problem【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。根据最后一段的第一句“Under special circumstances, however, a group may solve problems more effectively than does a reasonably competent individual.”在特殊情况下，一个团队可能比一个有能力的人更有效地解决问题。选项C符合原文。2.词义题。根据原文可知，这里指需要处理好成员之间的冲突，选项A符合原文。3.细节事实题。根据第二段的第二句“Proble

27、m-solving is facilitated by the presence of an effective leader”一个有效的领导者的存在有助于解决问题。选项B符合原文。4.语义题。根据第四段的第二句“In brainstorming, a problem is presented to a group of people who then proceed to offer whatever they can think of, regardless of quality and with as few inhibitions as possible.”头脑风暴指提供一个问题给一群

28、人，然后他们会谈论所能想到的任何东西，而不管质量如何，并且尽可能不受限制。也就是说一群人无拘无束地提出想法和建议，寻求问题的解决方案；选项B正确。5.细节事实题。根据最后一段的最后两句可知：在处理国家问题上，集体比个人更有效率。3. 单选题Very few experts have（）with complete new answers to the worlds economic problems.问题1选项A.come toB.come aroundC.come upD.come on【答案】C【解析】词组辨析题。come to达到；come around恢复；come up with提出；

29、come on快点。句意：很少有专家能对世界经济问题提出全新的答案。选项C符合句意。4. 单选题The remarkable（）of life on the Galopagos Islands inspired Charles Darwin to establish his theory of evolution.问题1选项A.classificationB.varietyC.densityD.diversion【答案】B【解析】词汇题。variety变种,多样,种种；classification分类,类别,级别；density稠密,密度；diversion转移,消遣。根据句意，这里应该是生命

30、的多样性。选项B正确。句意：加拉帕戈斯群岛上生命的显著多样性启发了查尔斯达尔文建立了他的进化论。5. 单选题Efforts to educate people about the risks of substance abuse seem to deter some people from using dangerous substances, if such efforts are realistic about what is genuinely dangerous and what is not. Observed declines in the use of such drugs as

31、 LSD, PCP, and Quaaludes since the early 1970s are probably related to increased awareness of the risks of their use, and some of this awareness was the result of warnings about these drugs in “underground” papers read by drug users. Such sources are influential, because they do not give a simple “a

32、ll drugs are terrible for you” message. Drug users know there are big variations in danger among drugs, and anti-drug education that ignores or denies this is likely to be ridiculed. This is illustrated by the popularity among young marijuana users of Reefer Madness, a widely unrealistic propaganda

33、film against marijuana made in the 1930s. This film made the rounds of college campuses in the 1970s and joined rock-music videos on cable televisions MTV in the 1980s. Instead of deterring marijuana use, it became a cult film among users, many of whom got high to watch it.Although persuasion can wo

34、rk for some people if it is balanced and reasonable, other people seem immune to the most reasoned educational efforts. Millions have started smoking even though the considerable health risks of smoking have been well known and publicized for years. Moreover, the usefulness of education lies in prim

35、ary prevention: prevention of abuse among those who presently have no problem. Hence, Bomiers (1978, p. 150) contention that “if the Pepsi generation can be persuaded to drink pop wine, they can be persuaded not to drink it while driving” is probably not correct, since most drunken driving is done b

36、y people who already have significant drinking problems, and hence seem not to be dissuaded even by much stronger measures such as loss of a drivers license.1.According to the passage, up to now, anti-drug education（）2.The film Reefer Madness mentioned in the passage（）3.The message all drugs are ter

37、rible for you is not influential because（）4.According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?5.The best title for the passage would be （）问题1选项A.has made all people see the danger of drugsB.has succeeded in dissuading people from using drugsC.has been effective only to a certai

38、n degreeD.has proved to be a total failure问题2选项A.effectively deterred marijuana useB.was rejected by young marijuana usersC.did not picture the danger of marijuana realisticallyD.was welcomed by marijuana users because it told them how to get high问题3选项A.it ignores the fact that drugs vary greatly in

39、 dangerB.it gives a false account of the risks of drug useC.some drugs are good for healthD.it does not appear in underground papers问题4选项A.Sometimes balanced and reasonable anti-drug persuasion is influential to some people.B.Most drug users are ignorant of the danger of drugs.C.Punishments such as

40、loss of a drivers license do not seem to be an effective way to stop drunken driving.D.Primary prevention is a useful principle to be followed in anti-drug education.问题5选项A.Are All Drugs Terrible for You?B.Do People Believe What Underground Papers Say?C.Is There an Increased Awareness of the Risks o

41、f Drugs?D.Can Persuasion Reduce Drug Abuse?【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:A第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第二段的第一句“Although persuasion can work for some people if it is balanced and reasonable, other people seem immune to the most reasoned educational efforts.”虽然平衡和合理的说服对一些人来说是有效的，但另一些人似乎不受这些最合乎逻辑的教育工作的影响。也就是说反毒品教育只起到了一

42、部分的作用，选项C符合原文。2.语义题。根据第一段的最后一句“Instead of deterring marijuana use, it became a cult film among users, many of whom got high to watch it.”这部电影非但没有阻止人们吸食大麻，反而成为了用户中的一部邪典电影，很多人为了看这部电影而兴奋不已。选项C符合原文。3.细节事实题。根据第一段“Drug users know there are big variations in danger among drugs, and anti-drug education that

43、 ignores or denies this is likely to be ridiculed.”吸毒者知道毒品存在着巨大的危险，忽视或否认这一点的禁毒教育是很可笑的。选项A符合原文。4.细节事实题。根据原文“Drug users know there are big variations in danger among drugs,”吸毒者知道毒品存在着巨大的危险。所以选项B错误。5.主旨大意题。第一段讲了禁毒教育并没有起到很好的效果，第二段讲了劝说只是对部分人起到作用。所以本文主要是讲劝说能减少毒品滥用吗？选项D正确。6. 单选题This young man,（）with a crav

44、ing for materialistic gratification, cares about nothing but money.问题1选项A.obsessedB.negotiatedC.compromisedD.provided【答案】A【解析】动词辨析题。obsessed with沉迷于；negotiated with与协商；compromised with向 （某人）妥协；provided with给提供。句意：这个年轻人贪图物质上的满足，只关心钱。选项A符合句意。7. 单选题When traveling, you are advised to take travelers chec

45、ks, which provide a secure（）to carrying your money in cash.问题1选项A.substituteB.preferenceC.selectionD.alternative【答案】D【解析】词义辨析题。substitute替代物；preference偏爱；selection选择,指从相当数量中进行选择,强调数量多和慎重的判断和鉴别；alternative可供选择的,强调在两个中选一个。句意：旅游的时候建议你带上旅行支票,作为携帯现金的一个安全替代方式。选项D正确。8. 单选题In what（）to a last minute stay of

46、execution a council announced that emergency funding would keep alive two aging satellites.问题1选项A.appliesB.accountsC.attachesD.amounts【答案】D【解析】辨析题。apply to应用于；account to对.做出解释；attach to联系；amounts to导致。句意：在最后一分钟,导致延迟处决的是委员会宣布应急基金将使两颗已使用多年的卫星继续运行。选项D符合句意。9. 单选题This is an exciting area of study, and on

47、e（）which new applications are being discovered almost daily.问题1选项A.fromB.byC.inD.through【答案】C【解析】考査定语从句。in which表示“在某个领域被发现”。句意：这是一个令人兴奋的研究领域,一个几乎每天都有新的应用程序被发现的领域。10. 单选题Language problems are（）by cultural misunderstandings.问题1选项A.decreasedB.solvedC.increasedD.ignored【答案】C【解析】词义辨析题。decreased减少；solved

48、解决；increased増加；ignored忽视。句意：文化误解导致语言问题的増加。选项C符合句意。11. 单选题All the information we have collected in relation to that case（）very little.问题1选项A.makes up forB.adds up toC.comes up withD.puts up with【答案】C【解析】词义辨析题。makes up for补偿,弥补；adds up to合计,总计；comes up with提出,赶上；puts up with容忍,忍受。句意：我们收集到的关于那个案子的所有资料都

49、没有什么结果。选项C符合句意。12. 单选题he board deemed it urgent that these files（）right away.问题1选项A.had to be printedB.should have been printedC.have been printedD.be printed【答案】D【解析】语法题。当句中出现deem, suggest, insist, require等表主观愿望的词时,从句需要使用虚拟语气,即should+动词原形, should可省略。根据句意：委员会认为迫切需要立即把这些文件打印出来。由此可知文件还没打印,所以不用完成时。选项D正

50、确。13. 单选题My friend Paul was badly taken in when he paid $1000 for that second-hand car, it was not worth（）问题1选项A.that all muchB.all that muchC.that much allD.much all that【答案】B【解析】考查修饰语。that much通常用于口语中，用all修饰，进一步加强语气。所以本题选B。14. 单选题Wealthy people sometimes feel a（）to steal things they can easily aff

51、ord to buy.问题1选项A.priorityB.compulsionC.privilegeD.repulsion【答案】B【解析】名词辨析题。priority优先；compulsion冲动；privilege特权；repulsion排斥，厌恶。句意：富人有时会有一种冲动，想要偷一些他们很容易买得起的东西。选项B符合原文。15. 单选题This border incident led to the two countries（）diplomatic relations in 1965.问题1选项A.breaking upB.finishingC.cutting outD.breaking

52、 off【答案】A【解析】词组辨析题。breaking up终止；cutting out切断；breaking off突然停止。句意：这一边境问题导致两国于1965年终止外交关系。选项A符合句意。16. 单选题The discussion quickly became a very（）argument about increasing prices.问题1选项A.explodedB.roaringC.boilingD.heated【答案】D【解析】词义辨析题。exploded爆炸；roaring咆哮；boiling沸腾；heated激烈的。句意：关于价格增长的讨论很快发展成为一场非常激烈的争论

53、。选项D符合句意。17. 单选题The residents,（）had been damaged by the flood, got help from the Red Cross.问题1选项A.all of whose homesC. all their homesB.C. all their homesB.C.all their homesB.all whose homesD.all of their homes【答案】A【解析】从句中表示物的所有格时用of which,并且可与whose互换。所以首先排除选项C和D。选项B表错误，所以本题选A。句意：所有房屋都被洪水毁坏的居民都得到了红十

54、字会的帮助。18. 单选题When Mr. Li writes an article, he always keep several dictionaries（）.问题1选项A.under his handsB.by handC.out of handD.at hand【答案】D【解析】词组辨析题。by hand用手；out of hand脱手、无法控制；at hand在手边。句意：李先生写文章时，手边总有几本词典。选项D符合句意。19. 单选题I dont think it is（）to reconstruct the destroyed forest ecosystem in a few

55、years.问题1选项A.plausibleB.notableC.considerableD.feasible【答案】D【解析】词义辨析题。plausible可信的；notable显著的；considerable值得考虑的；feasible可行的。句意：我认为在几年内重建受破坏的森林生态系统是不可行的。选项D符合句意。20. 单选题Although we feel dissatisfied with the election results, we have to become reconciled（）the decision made by our fellow countrymen.问题1选项A.forB.onC.toD.in【答案】C【解析】reconcile to为固定搭配,表示“顺从于”。句意：虽然我们对选举结果感到不满意,但是我们不得不顺从于我们的同胞们作出的决定。