2022-2023年考博英语-宁夏大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第50期

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1、2022-2023年考博英语-宁夏大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题As peoples living standards improve, the health and beauty business is（ ）with more sophisticated products than ever before.问题1选项A.astonishingB.flourishingC.exaggeratingD.diminishing【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项astonishing“令人惊讶的”；B选项flourishing“繁荣的，繁茂的”；C选项exaggerating“夸张的

2、，夸大的”；D选项diminishing“逐渐缩小的，递减的”。句意：随着人们生活水平的提高，健康和美容行业正（ ），产品比以往任何时候都更加精致。这里表达的意思是“美容行业正在繁荣发展”，因此B选项符合题意。2. 单选题We need someone really（ ）who can organize the office and make it run smoothly.问题1选项A.crucialB.realisticC.essentialD.efficient【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项crucial“重要的，决定性的”；B选项realistic“现实的，现实主义的”；C选

3、项essential“基本的，必要的”；D选项efficient“有效率的，有能力的”。句意：我们需要一个真正（ ）人，他能组织好办公室，使之顺利运作。通过句意可以看出，这个所需要的人应该是“很有效率的”，因此D选项符合题意。3. 翻译题The intimacy between man and nature begins with the birth of man on the earth and becomes each century more intelligent and far-reaching. To nature, therefore, we turn as to the old

4、est aim most influential teacher of our race, from one point of view once our task-master, now our servant, from another point of view, our constant friend instructor and inspirer. The very intimacy of this relation robs it of a certain mystery and richness which it would have for all minds if it we

5、re there ward of the few instead be being the privilege of the many. To the few it is in every age, full of wonder and beauty; to the many it is a matter of course.【答案】从地球上出现人类开始，人与自然之间的亲密关系也随之诞生，而且不断地被发扬光大，这种关系每一世纪都比以前变得更为明智而深远。所以，我们求助于自然，并把自然视为人类的最年长和最有影响力的老师。从某一个观点来看，自然曾一度是我们的监工，现在却变为我们的奴仆。但从另一个观

6、点来看，自然一直是我们最忠实的朋友、教导者和启发者。这种和谐紧密的关系，如果仅仅是少数人的特权，而大多数人并不能享有，那便会在人们心目中引发一种神秘和情趣。但是事实上，这种亲密关系是被天下所有的人共享的，这就使那和谐紧密的关系失去了神秘和情趣。对于少数人来说，这种关系在每个时代都充满了奇妙和美好；对于多数人来说，这种关系只是理所当然的一件事。4. 单选题Big Ben is one of Londons best-known landmark, and looks most spectacular at night when the clock faces are lighted. You e

7、ven know when parliament is in session, because a light shines above the clock face.The four dials of the clock are 23 feet square, the minute hand is 14 feet long and the figures are 2 feet high. Minutely regulated（校准）with a stack of coins placed on the huge pendulum, Big Ben is an excellent timeke

8、eper, which has rarely stopped.The name Big Ben actually refers not to the clock-tower itself, but to the thirteen-ton bell hung within. The bell was named after the first commissioner of works, Sir Benjamin Hall. This bell came originally from the old Palace of Westminster, and was given to the Dea

9、n of St. Paul by William III. Before returning to Westminster to hang in its present home, it was refashioned in White chapel in 1858. The BBC first broadcast the chimes（报时）on the 31st December 1923there is a microphone in the turret connected to Broadcasting House.During the Second World War in 194

10、1, a bomb destroyed the Lower Chamber of the House of Parliament, but the clock tower remained intact and Big Ben continued to keep time and strike away the hours, its unique sound was broadcast to the nation and around the world, a welcome reassurance of hope to all who heard it.The tower is not op

11、en to the general public, but those with a “special interest” may arrange a visit to the top of the Clock Tower through their local（UK）MP.1.When parliament has meeting（ ）.2.Which of following statements is true according to the passage?3.The bell was once owned by（ ）.4.The BBC first broadcast the ch

12、imes on the eve of（ ）.5.The word “intact” in Line 2, Para. 4 probably means（ ）.问题1选项A.a light is on above the faceB.the clock faces are lightedC.Big Ben strikes the timeD.Big Ben lights the parliament问题2选项A.Big Ben has only one hand.B.Big Ben has never stopped.C.Big Ben has a huge pendulum made of c

13、oins.D.Coins are used to make Big Ben work more precisely.问题3选项A.the BBCB.the Dean of St. PaulC.Sir Benjamin HallD.the old Palace of Westminster问题4选项A.1858B.1923C.1924D.1941问题5选项A.uncutB.unharmedC.uninjuredD.undamaged【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:B第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.事实细节题。根据题干关键词定位到第一段第二句You even know when parliam

14、ent is in session, because a light shines above the clock face.（你甚至知道议会什么时候开会，因为一盏灯在钟面上方闪烁。）由此得知A选项“钟面上有一盏灯”正确。B选项“钟面是亮的”并不准确；C选项“大本钟在报时”没有提及；D选项“大本钟照亮了议会”不对。2.判断推理题。根据题干信息定位到第二段第二句话Minutely regulated with a stack of coins placed on the huge pendulum, Big Ben is an excellent timekeeper, which has ra

15、rely stopped.（大本钟的钟摆上放置了一堆硬币，精确地调节着时间，它是一个出色的计时器，很少停下来。）因此D选项“硬币被用来使大本钟工作得更精确”正确。A选项“大本钟只有一个指针”在第二段的第一句话The four dials of the clock are 23 feet square, the minute hand is 14 feet long and the figures are 2 feet high.（这个钟的四个转盘是23平方英尺，分针是14英尺长，数字是2英尺高。）这里可以看出大本钟是否有多于一个指针原文并没有提及；B选项“大本钟从不停止转动”，原文说大本钟很少

16、停下，说明它还是会停止，只是很罕见；C选项“大本钟有一个由硬币组成的巨大钟摆”，硬币只是让大本钟变得更准确，但并不是它的钟摆组成。3.事实细节题。根据原文定位到第三段的第三句话This bell came originally from the old Palace of Westminster, and was given to the Dean of St. Paul by William III.（这只钟最初来自威斯敏斯特宫，是威廉三世送给圣保罗教长的。）因此B选项“它是属于圣保罗的教长的”正确。A、C、D均不符合原文。4.事实细节题。根据题干定位到第三段的倒数第一句话The BBC f

17、irst broadcast the chimes on the 31st December 1923there is a microphone in the turret connected to Broadcasting House.（英国广播公司于1923年12月31日首次播放了大本钟，它的信息塔上有一个麦克风连接到广播大楼。）而原文问的是在哪一年的前夜，因此C选项正确。A选项在倒数第三段Before returning to Westminster to hang in its present home, it was refashioned in White chapel in 18

18、58.（在回到威斯敏斯特悬挂在现在的家中之前，它在1858年被重新设计在白色教堂。）与事件不符合；B选项与题干不符合；D选项在倒数第二段During the Second World War in 1941, a bomb destroyed the Lower Chamber of the House of Parliament（1941年第二次世界大战期间，一枚炸弹摧毁了下议院的议会）与事件不符。5.语义推测题。根据题干定位到第四段During the Second World War in 1941, a bomb destroyed the Lower Chamber of the H

19、ouse of Parliament, but the clock tower remained intact and Big Ben continued to keep time and strike away the hours（1941年第二次世界大战期间，一枚炸弹摧毁了下议院的议会，但钟楼仍完好无损， 大本钟继续计时，不停地敲响钟声）根据原文含义可知intact意为“完整的，原封不动的”。A选项“未切的，毛边的，未雕琢的，未割的”；B选项“无恙的；没有受伤的（用于人）”；C选项“未受伤害的；未蒙损失的（多用于人或器官）”；D选项“未毁坏的，未损坏的（多用于物品）”，因此D选项正确。5.

20、 翻译题面对多变的经济形势，我们主张要大力推动开放创新。国际金融危机爆发7年来的实践证明，唯有同舟共济，才能渡过难关。在相互依存的世界里，各国有权根据自己的国情制定经济政策，但是也应加强同其他国家的宏观政策协调，扩大利益汇合点，实现共同发展。欧洲有谚语讲：“面对变革之风，有人砌围墙，有人转风车。”我们倡导顺势而为，坚定不移推进自由贸易，旗帜鲜明反对保护主义，积极扩大区域经济合作，打造全球价值链，迎接新科技革命的到来。宏观政策固然重要，但结构性改革势在必行，这是国际社会的共识。尽管难度很大，但也应该坚持去做，这样才能形成全球创新合力，增强世界发展的新动能。【答案】In a world facin

21、g volatile economic situation, we should all work to promote opening-up and innovation. What has happened since the outbreak of the international financial crisis seven year sago proves that to work in unity is the surest way for countries to get over the difficulties. We are all interdependent in t

22、his world. While we each have the right to adopt economic policies in line with national conditions, we need to strengthen macro-policy coordination to expand the convergence of interests and achieve common development. An European proverb says, “when the wind of change blows, some build walls, whil

23、e others build windmills.” We need to act along the trend of our time, firmly advance free trade, resolutely reject protectionism, and actively expand regional economic cooperation. We need to build global value chains, and seize the opportunity of a new technological revolution. While the internati

24、onal community agree on the importance of macro-policies to the economy, they also recognize the urgency to go ahead with structural reform.Structural reform must be carried through no matter how difficult it is, as it is an effective way to foster conditions conducive to global innovation and bring

25、 about new momentum for global development.6. 单选题Visitors to Britain are sometimes surprised to learn that newspapers there have such a large circulation. The “Daily Mirror” and the “Daily Express” both sell about four million copies every day. British families generally buy a newspaper every mornin

26、g and frequently take two or three on Sundays.Apart from the national papers, there is, however, another branch of the British press which sells almost as many copies. Local newspapers have a weekly circulation of 13 million. Almost every town and country area has one. Nearly all of them hold their

27、own financially and many of them are very profitable.These papers are written almost entirely for readers interested in local eventsbirths, weddings, deaths, council meetings and sportsbut the content is naturally influenced by the kind of community they serve. Editors prefer to rely on a small staf

28、f of people who all know the district well. A great deal of local news is regularly supplied by clubs and churches in the neighborhood and it does not get out of date as quickly as national news. If there is no room for it in this weeks edition, an item can sometimes be held over until the following

29、 week.The editor must never forget that the success of any newspaper depends on advertising. He is usually anxious to keep the good will of local businessmen for this reason. But if the newspaper is well written and the news items have been carefully chosen to attract local readers, the businessmen

30、are grateful for the opportunity to keep their products in the public eye.Local newspapers do not often comment on problems of national importance and editors rarely hold with taking sides on political questions. But they can often be of service to the community in expressing public feeling on local

31、 issues. A newspaper can sometimes persuade the council to take action to provide better shopping facilities, improve transport in the area and preserve local monuments and places of interest.These papers often sound rather dull and it seems surprising that they all make profit. But for many people

32、in small towns and villages the death of someone known to them or the installation of traffic lights at a busy street corner nearby can sometimes be more important than a disaster in a foreign country.1.Local newspapers have（ ）2.Which of the following is true?3.In the writers opinion, the editor mus

33、t remember that no paper can possibly succeed without（ ）.4.A local newspaper can serve the community by（ ）.5.Why is it that local papers all make a profit?问题1选项A.a circulation as large as that of national newspapers.B.a daily circulation of 13 million.C.a slightly smaller circulation than national n

34、ewspapers.D.an even larger circulation.问题2选项A.Every town and country area has at least one paper of its own.B.Nearly all town and country areas have their own papers.C.There is a newspaper, national or local, in each town and country area.D.A lot of remote town and country areas do not have their ow

35、n papers.问题3选项A.advertisementsB.interesting reportsC.a great deal of national newsD.an excellent sales manager问题4选项A.expressing public feeling on local issuesB.preserving local monuments and places of interestC.voicing its view on political questionsD.providing more important national news问题5选项A.The

36、y are as well organized as the national papers.B.They are staffed with people who know their districts well.C.They have had sufficient support from their clients.D.Their main emphasis on local events meets the needs of the community they serve.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.事实细节题。根据题干定位到第二段Apart

37、 from the national papers, there is, however, another branch of the British press which sells almost as many copies. Local newspapers have a weekly circulation of 13 million.（然而，除了全国性的报纸外，英国报业的另一个分支几乎卖了同样多的份。地方报纸每周的发行量为1300万份。）可以得知C选项“发行量比全国性报纸略小”正确。A选项“发行量与全国性报纸一样大”与原文不符；B选项“每日发行量为1300万份”，定位到第二段Loc

38、al newspapers have a weekly circulation of 13 million.（地方报纸每周的发行量为1300万份。）是周发行量，而不是日发行量；D选项“发行量更大”与原文不符。2.判断推理题。B选项“几乎所有的城镇和农村地区都有自己的报纸”，定位到第二段Almost every town and country area has one.（几乎每个城镇和农村地区都有一个。）因此B选项正确。A选项“每个城镇和农村地区都至少有一份自己的报纸”与原文不符，并没有说至少要有一份；C选项“在每个城镇和乡村地区都有一份全国性或地方性的报纸”，这个也与原文有出入；D选项“许多

39、偏远的城镇和农村地区没有自己的报纸。”错误。3.判断推理题。根据题干关键词定位到倒数第三段The editor must never forget that the success of any newspaper depends on advertising.（编辑绝不能忘记任何报纸的成功都依赖于广告。）因此A选项“广告”正确。B选项“有趣的报道”；C选项“大量的国家新闻”；D选项“一位出色的销售经理”都与原文不符。4.事实细节题。根据题干定位到第三段These papers are written almost entirely for readers interested in loca

40、l eventsbirths, weddings, deaths, council meetings and sportsbut the content is naturally influenced by the kind of community they serve.（这些报纸几乎完全是为那些对当地事件（出生、婚礼、死亡、议会会议和体育）感兴趣的读者而写的，但其内容自然受到它们所服务的社区类型的影响。）因此A选项“表达公众对当地问题的看法”正确。B选项“保存当地的古迹和名胜古迹”；C选项“对政治问题发表意见”；D选项“提供更重要的国家新闻”都不是它服务社区的做法，只是片面的信息。5.判断

41、推理题。根据题干定位到倒数第二段和倒数第一段Local newspapers do not often comment on problems of national.of interest.（地方报纸通常不评论具有全国重要性的问题，编辑也很少在政治问题上偏袒任何一方。但是，在表达公众对当地问题的看法方面，它们往往可以对社区有所帮助。报纸有时可以说服议会采取行动，提供更好的购物设施，改善该地区的交通，并保护当地的古迹和名胜古迹。）以及These papers often sound rather dull and it.foreign country.（这些报纸常常听起来很枯燥，令人惊讶的是它

42、们都在盈利。但对小城镇和乡村的许多人来说，认识的人的死亡或在附近繁忙的街角安装交通灯，有时比外国发生的灾难更重要。）从这两段可以看出，虽然这些报纸听起来有些枯燥，但是它是对小镇人民最有吸引力的，因此D选项“他们对当地活动的主要重视满足了他们所服务的社区的需要”正确。A选项“它们和全国性的报纸一样组织严密”原文没有提及；B选项“它们的工作人员都很了解自己的地区”是无关项；C选项“他们有足够的客户支持”，这个没有说出本质原因，而是表面现象。7. 单选题The government has devoted a larger slice of its national（ ）to agriculture

43、 than most other countries.问题1选项A.resourcesB.potentialC.budgetD.economy【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项resources“资源”；B选项potential“潜力”；C选项budget“预算”；D选项economy“经济”。句意：该国政府投入农业的财政（ ）比其他大多数国家都多。此处表达的意思是“财政预算比其他国家多”，因此C选项符合题意。8. 单选题The plants are in a(n)（ ） plastic box, so the children can observe how the roots grow

44、 with time.问题1选项A.appropriateB.intricateC.transparentD.waterproof【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项appropriate“合适的，适当的”；B选项intricate“复杂的，错综的”；C选项transparent“透明的，显然的”；D选项waterproof“防水的”。句意：这些植物被放在一个（ ）的塑料盒子里，这样孩子们就可以观察它们的根是怎么随着时间的推移生长的。通过后半句的“孩子可以观察它的生长”可以得出，这个盒子应该是“透明的”才能便于孩子观察，因此C选项符合题意。9. 单选题My eyes had become（

45、 ）to the now semi-darkness, so I could pick out shapes about seventy-five yards away.问题1选项A.inclinedB.accustomedC.vulnerableD.sensitive【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项inclined“有倾向”；B选项accustomed“习惯的，通常的”；C选项vulnerable“脆弱的，易碎的”；D选项sensitive“敏感的”。句意：我的眼睛已经_现在的半明半暗，所以我能辨认出75码外的形状。考查固定搭配be accustomed to“习惯于”，这里表示的是

46、习惯于这种半明半暗的状况，因此B选项符合题意。10. 单选题Insurance in respect of the property will be affected by the Society in accordance with the Rules and the mortgage conditions. The Society has a wide experience of insurance companies as the Society may determine and places insurance with many companies who are able to

47、provide a cover which the society considers necessary. You may like the Society to insure with a particular company, and if so please contact immediately the Branch Office to which you submitted your application for loan, and so long as that company and its terms are acceptable to the Society the co

48、ver will be arranged accordingly. If you should suggest a company and it is not one with which the Society does business you will be informed and offered a choice of other companies. Your may request change of insurances Company at any time during the life of the mortgage. If your mortgage is under

49、the endowment scheme or supported by an insurance guarantee or if the documents of title specify the company to be used it may not be possible to accept your choice.The initial sum insured will be the figure shown under the heading “Amount of Property Insurance” in Details of Loan. This figure is th

50、e amount recommended by the Societys value, as his estimates of the replacement cost of the building at the date of valuation, unless some other amount has been agreed in writing between you and Society. No warranty is given or implied that the amount of insurance will cover complete loss.You are re

51、minded that the market value of your property bears no relationship to the cost, at the time of replacement. The amount for which the property is insured should therefore represent not less than the cost, at the time of repair or replacement, or rebuilding all the property covered in the same materi

52、als, form, style and condition as when it is new. It should also include any architects, surveyors and legal fees which may be payable and any costs which may be insured in complying with the requirements of the Local Authority and in removing debris (残骸), etc. The term “property” includes domestic

53、outbuilding, garages, walls, landlords fixtures and fittings etc., but excludes the value of the land.The market value of a house is therefore likely to be less than the cost of rebuilding, especially if the property is elderly. Even if the property is recently built, the work involved in reinstatem

54、ent will be more expensive than the building cost which can be achieved by a builder building on an estate basis.1.The passage appears to be from（ ）.2.The tone of this passage could best be described as（ ）.3.According to the passage if the customer suggests an insurance company（ ）.4.The passage stat

55、es that when you insure your property（ ）.5.The passage implies that rebuilding a property costs more than its market value（ ）.问题1选项A.an advertisementB.an information bookletC.a newspaper articleD.a formal speech问题2选项A.academicB.light-heartedC.formalD.subjective问题3选项A.it is impossible to change that

56、company later onB.the Society will provide a list of alternative companiesC.the Society will not accept responsibility for the policyD.the Society may not be able to agree to the company问题4选项A.you should not take the land value into account.B.you should use the market value as a guideC.you should ta

57、ke the advice of our Local AuthorityD.garages and garden sheds are not usually included问题5选项A.only if the property is oldB.particularly if the property is newC.whatever the age of the propertyD.because of rising building cost【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.判断推理题。本文讲述的是有关财产保险的情况。文章就如何办理保险、怎样确定保险公司

58、、涉及房产保险时如何估价等一系列问题提供了大量有用的信息，因此可以判断，文章内容应该是节选于有关保险的信息手册，因此B选项“一个信息小册子”正确。A选项“广告”；C选项“报纸上的文章”以及D选项“正式的演说”都不正确。2.判断推理题。因为本文是一篇科普类型的文章，为读者提供了大量相关的信息，例如第一段有提到 The Society has a wide experience of insurance companies as the Society may determine and places insurance with many companies who are able to pr

59、ovide a cover which the society considers necessary.（本协会在保险公司方面有着广泛的经验，因为本协会可以确定并向许多能够提供必要保险的公司提供保险。）可以看出这篇文章应该是用非常正式的语气在为读者解惑的，因此C选项正确。A选项“学术的”，不妥；B选项“轻松的，无忧无虑的”，也不是原文的语气；D选项“主观的”，这是一篇科普文，因此不会是主观态度的。3.事实细节题。根据题干关键词定位到第一段的第四句If you should suggest a company and it is not one with which the Society do

60、es business you will be informed and offered a choice of other companies.（如果你建议一家公司，而该公司不是与协会有业务往来的公司，你会得到通知，并可以选择其他公司。）因为有协调的可能性，因此说明确实会存在保险协会不同意客户选择保险公司的情况，D选项“该协会可能无法同意该公司的意见”正确。A选项“之后更换公司是不可能的”，在第一段you will be informed and offered a choice of other companies（你会得到通知，并可以选择其他公司），说明是可以换公司的；B选项“协会将提供

61、一份可供选择的公司名单”不全面；C选项“协会将不承担该政策的责任”，保险协会要根据客户选定的保险公司与自己是否有业务合作来判断是否同意这家公司为客户进行投保，因此C不正确。4.事实细节题。根据题干定位到第三段的最后一句but excludes the value of the land（但不包括土地价值），因此A选项“你不应该把土地价值考虑在内”正确。B选项“你应该以市场价值为指导”，在第三段的第一句You are reminded that the market value of your property bears no relationship to the cost, at the

62、time of replacement.（请注意，你的物业的市场价值与重置时的成本无关。）因此B错误；C选项“你应该采纳我们当地当局的建议”在倒数第二段complying with the requirements of the Local Authority（可能是被保险人遵守当地政府的要求），并没有说从Local Authority（当地当局）那里得到建议，因此C选项错误；D选项“车库和花园棚屋通常不包括在内”，定位到倒数第二段The term “property” includes.garages, wall, landlords fixtures and fittings etc.,

63、but excludes the value of the land（“财产”一词包括住宅附属建筑、车库、墙壁、业主的固定装置及设备等，但不包括土地价值），可见D选项表达与原文矛盾。5.事实细节题。根据题干定位到最后一段The market value of a house is therefore likely to be less than the cost of rebuilding.a builder building on an estate basis.（因此，房屋的市场价值很可能低于重建成本，特别是如果房屋是老房子的话。即使房产是最近建造的，修复工作的费用也会比建筑商按地产建造的

64、建筑成本更昂贵）说明无论房屋的使用年限长短，其重建价值都会高于市场价值，因此C选项“无论财产的年龄”正确。同时A选项“除非房子是旧的”和B选项“特别是当房产是新的时候”错误；D选项“因为不断上涨的建筑成本”与题干没有关系。11. 单选题On the coast the weather is（ ）with day after day of hot sunshine, in the mountains however the air cools quickly and until the end of June you can still find snow on the mountain tops.问题1选项