2022年考博英语-中国传媒大学考试题库及模拟押密卷76（含答案解析）

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1、2022年考博英语-中国传媒大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题As a commander, you should not（）the soldiers to unnecessary danger.问题1选项A.expressB.explodeC.exploitD.expose【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项express “表达，快递”。B选项explode “爆炸，爆发”。C选项exploit “开发， 开拓”。D选项expose “揭露，暴露”。句意：作为一名指挥官，你不应该让士兵们去冒不必要的危险。本句表示“士兵暴露在危险中”，即让士兵去冒险。因此D选项符合题。2.

2、 翻译题Another milestone on the journey towards digital cash was passed on November 13th. That date marked the emergence from beta-testing in America of V. me, a “digital wallet” that holds multiple payment cards, in a virtual repository (容器).1. Instead of providing their personal detail and card numbe

3、rs to pay for stuff online, customers just enter a username and a password. The service is provided by Visa, a giant card-payment network whose headquarters is in the heart of Silicon Valley, close to a host of technology firms which would love to get their hands on a chunk of the global payments bu

4、siness.The short term new technology is actually boosting usage of plastic Smartphone apps often require users to enter their card details to pay for services. Firms such as Square and PayPal have developed tiny card readers that plug into smart phones and allow small traders using their fewer to ac

5、cept payments cheaply. Ed McLaughlin, who oversees emerging payments technologies at MasterCard, reckons such developments have added 1.2m new businesses over the past 12 months to the card firms list of merchants.2. But even if plastic cards eventually go the way of vinyl records (黑胶唱片), card netwo

6、rks should still prosper because they too are investing heavily in new technology and have several built-in advantages. Visa is betting has member bans can help it to narrow the gap with rivals like PayPal, for instance, which is part of e-Bay and has grown to 11m active users, thanks in part to its

7、 use on the auction site. Over 50 financial institutions are supporting the launch of V. me, which accepts non-visa cards in its wallet, too MasterCard and others are also touting digital wallets, some of which can hold digital coupons and tickets as well as card details.Before long all of these wal

8、lets are likely to end up on mobile phones, which can be used to buy things in stores and other places. This is where firms such as Square, which has developed its own elegant and easy-to-use mobile wallet and Google have been focusing plenty of energy. Jennifer Schulz, Visas global head of e-commer

9、ce, predicts there will be a shake-out that leaves only a few wallet providers standing. Thanks to their trusted brands, big budgets and payments savvy (机智，悟性), one or more card companies will be among them.Card networks are also taking stakes in innovative firms to keep an eye on potentially disrup

10、tive technologies. Visa owns part of square, which recently struck a deal with Starbucks to make its mobile-payment service available in 7,000 of the coffee chain outlets in America, Visa has also invested in Monitise, a mobile-banking specialist. American Express, for its part, has set up a $100m d

11、igital-commerce fund, one of whose investments is in iZettle, a Square-like firm based in Sweden.So far few have tried to create new payments systems from scratch. Those that have toyed with the idea, such as ISIS, a consortium of telecoms companies in America, have concluded it is far too costly an

12、d painful to deal with regulators, set up anti-fraud systems and so forth. Fears about the security of new-fangled payment systems also play into the hands of established card firms.Still, they cannot relax. Bryan Keane, an analyst at Deutsche Rank, points out rival digital wallets could promote alt

13、ernatives to credit and debit cards, including store value cards and direct bank-account-to-bank-account payments 3. Big retailers in America have clubbed together to create their own digital wallet and are likely to prompt users to choose the payment options that are cheapest for the chains by offe

14、ring them incentives like coupons.Jack Dorsey, the boss of Square and a co-founder of Twitter, agrees that digital wallets will make the trade-offs between various payment options clearer to consumer and reckons this will force card networks to up their game. “They had a major innovation 60 years ag

15、o”, he says, “ and there have been very, very few innovations since”4. Some in the payments world might quibble (狡辩) with that but one thing they can all agree on is that spread of mobile payments will bring may more customers. MasterCard1 s Mr. McLaughlin claims that 85% of commerce still involves

16、cash and check. As mobile purchases take off, more of this activity will move online.5. The biggest prize of all lies in emerging markets, where a lack of financial infrastructure is hastening the rise of phone-based payments system such as M-Pesa which serves Kenya and several other market. Visa ha

17、s snapped up Fandom, which specializes in payment serve to the unbanked and under-banked in emerging markets; MasterCard has set up a joint venture called Wanda with Telefonica, a Spanish telecom firm, which aim to mobile payments across Latin America. The payments world is changing fast but the car

18、d firms are not about to let rivals swipe their business.【答案】1. 顾客只需要输入用户名和密码，而不是提供他们个人信息和卡号来进行在线支付。2. 但是尽管信用卡最终会重蹈黑胶唱片的覆辙，信用卡网络会依然繁荣，因为他们也正大力投资新技术，并且存在一些内在优势。3. 美国大型零售商联合起来创建了他们自己的数字钱包，并且可能通过提供优惠券等鼓励措施促使用户选择对他们联营企业来说最实惠的支付方式。4. 一些支付领域内的信用卡公司可能会对此有所狡辩，但是他们共同赞成的一件事情是移动支付的普及将带来更多的客户。5. 移动支付带来的最大好处在于新兴

19、市场，在这个市场中，金融设施的缺乏促进了手机支付系统的发展，如服务于肯尼亚和其他几个市场的M-Pesa移动钱包服务。3. 单选题With a population of 320,000 -just one tenth that of the Beijing district where it keeps its embassy to China-Iceland has recently become an object of inordinate interest to Chinese policymakers. The two nations signed a free-trade agre

20、ement on April 15th, Chinas first with any European nation. But with the inherently tiny potential of Icelands market, and the lack of any roundabout low-tariff access to other European markets through this deal, trade alone cannot account for Chinas infatuation with Iceland.The more likely attracti

21、on for China is access to improving shipping routes through the Arctic as that region warms due to climate charge. Last month, one of Chinas top experts on polar policy predicted that, by 2020, as much as 15% of his countrys trade would move through the Arctics Northern Sea Route. Even if that estim

22、ate is exaggerated, there is no reason to doubt that continued shrinking of Arctic ice cover will enhance the areas importance.Like South Korea and Japan, China hopes next month to be approved for permanent observer status on the Arctic Council, an eight-member intergovernmental body that seeks to c

23、o-ordinate policy for the area. But odd-looking effort by a Chinese developer to build an eco-golf course and luxury resort on a 300 square km tract in Icelands desolate north-east comer also aroused suspicions about Chinas strategic intentions in the region. The logic behind the proposal to create

24、a haven of solitude and clean air for wealthy Chinese visitors failed to convince Icelandic officials, who did not agree to waive restrictions against foreign ownership of land.The new trade agreement, signed during a five-day visit to China by Icelands prime minister, Johanna Sigurdardottir, will r

25、esult in the waiver in coming years of most tariffs, in the two countries bilateral trade, which last year rose to $424m, by Icelands reckoning.But for China, the ability to import more Icelandic fish with lower tariff duties would seem to pale in comparison to the importance of enhancing its influe

26、nce in the region.According to Anne-Marie Brady, an expert at New Zealands University of Canterbury, current arrangements leave China shut out of multilateral decision-making about the changing Arctic environment. The desire to have a greater say, and assert its legitimate interests in the region, s

27、he recently wrote, is behind a curious new bit of official phraseology. Chinas own experts have taken to calling it a near Arctic state.1. What is the population of Beijing according to the text?2. Why is it important for China to improve shipping routes through the Arctic?3. Which of the following

28、is NOT a permanent observer state of the Arctic Council?4. According to the text, the phrase near Arctic state” indicates that（ ）.5. Which of the following statements is true according to the text？问题1选项A.32,000B.3,200,000C.32,000,000D.None of the above问题2选项A.Because the Arctic ice cover is continuin

29、g shrinking.B.Because as much as 15% of the trades in China would move through the Arctics Northern Sea Route by 2020.C.Because Chinese developers tend to build eco-golf courses and luxury resorts in Iceland.D.Because Icelandic officials do not agree to waive restrictions against foreign ownership o

30、f land.问题3选项A.NetherlandsB.South KoreaC.United KingdomD.Spain问题4选项A.China is a country located near Arctic state.B.China is now infatuated with Iceland.C.China is willing to enhancing its influence in the Arctic region.D.China is taking part in the decision-making about the changing Arctic environme

31、nt.问题5选项A.China prefers importing more Icelandic fish with lower tariff duties rather than enhancing its influence in the region.B.Iceland is the first country to sign a free-trade agreement with China.C.the Arctic Council is an intergovernmental body with eight members that seeks to co-ordinate pol

32、icy for the areaD.The new trade agreement will result in the waiver in coming years of tariffs in the two countries bilateral trade.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.事实细节题。第一段指出“just one tenth that of the Beijing district where it keeps its embassy to China”，仅相当于其驻华使馆所在地区人口的十分之一,冰岛驻华使馆所在区为北京市朝阳区，可推

33、断驻华使馆所在区常住人口为三百多万，但是文章并未说明所在区占北京总人口的比例，所以无从推断北京市人口数量。因此选D项。2.事实细节题。第二段给出了原因“The more likely attraction for China is access to improving shipping routes through the Arctic as that region warms due to climate charge”，而更可能的是，该地区随着气候变化逐渐变暖，中国有机会通过北极地区改善其海上航线。后面还指出“.there is no reason to doubt that conti

34、nued shrinking of Arctic ice cover will enhance the areas importance”， 不容置疑，北极冰层的持续减少将增强该地区的重要性。由此可知A项 “因为北极冰盖正在连续退缩”正确。3.判断推理题。由题干关键词permanent observer定位到第三段“Like South Korea and Japan, China hopes next month to be approved for permanent observer status on the Arctic Council”，同韩国、日本一样，中国希望在下月被批准获得北

35、极理事会永久观察员身份。由此可知韩国与中国都不是其成员，故选B项。4.判断推理题。对于near Arctic state的理解可参考最后一段“.current arrangements leave China shut out of multilateral decision-making about the changing Arctic environment. The desire to have a greater say, and assert its legitimate interests in the region, she recently wrote, is behind

36、a curious new bit of official phraseology”，在当前关于北极环境变化的多边政策决策协商中，中国被拒之门外。但一些新奇的官方措辞暗示中国希望对北极事务掌握更大的话语权，并维护他们在这一地区的正当权益。故选C项 “中国希望提高其对北极地区的影响力”。5.事实细节题。A:中国更愿意进口更多的冰岛鱼类，降低关税，而不是增强其在该地区的影响力。第五段指出“But for China, the ability to import more Icelandic fish with lower tariff duties would seem to pale in co

37、mparison to the importance of enhancing its influence in the region”，但是对于中国来说，相较于增强在该地区的影响力，能 以更低关税进口冰岛鱼则显得微不足道。因此A项不正确。B:冰岛成为第一个与中国签署该类协定的国家。第一段指出“.Chinas first with any European nation”，冰岛成为第一个与中国签署该类协定的欧洲国家。因此B项不符合原文所述。C:北极理事会是一个拥有八名成员，旨在协调区域政策的政府间机构。最后一段指出“.current arrangements . multilateral de

38、cision-making about the changing Arctic environment”，当前关于北极环境变化的多边政策决策协商，由此可知北极理事会的宗旨是保护北极地区的环境，促进地区在经济、社会和福利方面的持续发展，因此C项不正确。D:新贸易协定将免除两国双边贸易大部分关税。第四段指出“The new trade agreement.will result in the waiver in coming years of most tariffs, in the two countries bilateral trade”，这份贸易协定，将免除两国双边贸易大部分关税。因此D项

39、正确。4. 单选题He（） three hours in the snow to get back home.问题1选项A.trudgedB.grudgedC.judgedD.fudged【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项trudge“跋涉”；B选项grudge“因不满而）不愿意给（或允许）”；C选项judge“判断；猜测（大小、数量等）”；D选项fudge“含糊其辞，模糊处理；回避。句意：他在雪中跋涉三个钟头才回到家。因此A项符合句意。5. 单选题It is（）that women should be paid less than men for doing the same kind

40、of work.问题1选项A.allergicB.amateurC.annualD.absurd【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。allergic“对极讨厌”;amateur“业余的，外行的”；annual“每年的，年度的”；absurd “荒谬的，可笑的”。根据后面提到的“做同样的工作，女性获得的报酬比男性的少”，可知这种做法是荒谬的，因此选项D符合题意。句意：做同样的工作，女性获得的报酬比男性的少，这是很荒谬的。6. 单选题You may put（）on the wheel to make it turn more easily.问题1选项A.fatB.greaseC.oilD.cre

41、am【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。fat“脂肪”；grease“油脂，润滑油”；oil“石油，油画材料”；cream“奶油，乳脂”。根据句意可知，涂在轮子上的应该是润滑油，所以选项B正确。7. 单选题What he told you is strictly（）. Dont let anyone else know of it.问题1选项A.secretiveB.individualC.particularD.confidential【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。secretive“秘密的，偷偷摸摸的”；individual“个别的，独特的”；particular“特别的，详细的”；con

42、fidential“机密的，表示信任的”。根据下一句的内容“不要让其他人知晓此事”，可知他所告知的事情是机密的，对被告知人是表示信任的，所以选项D相对于选项A来说要更恰当。8. 单选题The Olympic Games were telecast （）all over the world.问题1选项A.incidentallyB.separatelyC.simultaneouslyD.especially【答案】C【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项incidentally“顺便；偶然地；附带地”；B选项separately“分别地；分离地”；C选项simultaneously“同时地”；D选项esp

43、ecially“特别；尤其；格外”。句意：全世界都在转播奥运会。转播奥运会，说明是同时发生的动作，因此C选项正确。9. 单选题I asked the counselor to give me a （） estimate of the fee of defending my case in court.问题1选项A.rudeB.crudeC.roughD.coarse【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项rude表示“粗鲁的；无礼的，未开化的”，B选项crude表示“粗糙的，天然的，未加工的”，C选项rough表示“粗糙的，粗略的，艰苦的，未加工的”，D选项coarse表示“粗鄙的；粗糙的

44、”。根据关键词estimate可知，我让律师对我的案件上庭辩护所需费用进行粗略估算。因此，只有C项最符合原文语境，故本题正确答案为C选项。10. 单选题It is not uncommon for close synonyms to be understood to share the same meaning. The difference between words like “hard” and “difficult”，for example, goes tragically unnoticed. One may employ one or the other with complete

45、 indifference, postulating no discrepancy between them. In general this is well and good; most people lack the scrupulous pedanticalness to quibble over such trifles. Nevertheless, for those of us with ample compulsiveness (and time), it is of significant value to comprehend such nuances.Take for ex

46、ample the following sentences: 1) The test was hard. 2) The test was difficult. Is the difference between these synonyms readily apparent? Is there a noticeable difference between them at all? Indeed, these questions are valid and warrant answer. For, what would be the point to having multiple words

47、 with the exact same meaning? No, that would be superfluous; the English language being far too economical. While many close synonyms share similar, if not the same, dictionary definitions, the feeling, or mood, they convey is utterly singular. Although a dictionary can provide information about wor

48、d meanings, pronunciations, etymologies, inflected forms, derived forms, et cetera, it cannot communicate how it feels to use a word.So, if there is indeed at difference between words like “hard” and “difficult”，what is it? To begin, “hard” is pragmatic and realistic, firmly grounded in reality. It

49、is a utilitarian word that gets the job done and doesnt apologize for its brusque，uncouth nature. On the other hand, “difficult” is eloquent and refined. It is civilized, willing to expend the effort necessary to appear urbane. Why, the mere difference in sonic quality between them is striking enoug

50、h. “Hard” makes a quick, unassuming sound, having but a single syllable (voiced under certain inflections, it can even come across as harsh), while “difficult” is more lengthy and melodic, its number of syllables totaling three times that of its counterpart. Furthermore, “hard” is more likely to be

51、used in casual, informal circumstances, or to communicate an idea “on the go” or simply to “get it out” as the sayings go. It is used without pretense, and does not maintain a feeling of being overly concerned. In terms of daily usage, “hard” may be employed by an exhausted brick mason when posed wi

52、th the question, “How was your day?” Conversely, “difficult” may be used by a military general upon explaining to his or her superior the progression of a particularly taxing campaign.Similar to “hard” and “difficult”，the words “weird” and “strange” too are close synonyms, and may seemingly be used

53、interchangeably. Take for instance the following sentences: 1) Sea monkeys are weird. 2) Sea monkeys are strange. Contrary to popular belief, these sentences are not tautologous. So how do they differ? Their dictionary definitions are nearly identical, so the difference does not lie there. Rather, t

54、he difference involves the feeling, or mood, that these words convey. Notice that while “weird” and “strange” both have but one syllable, the latter has a remarkably distinguished feel. Similar to “hard”，“weird” conveys a more basic, a more crude, sentiment. Something “weird” is crass or gross, and

55、is typically undesirable. No one wants to be associated with something “weird”. If trying to impress someone, one probably doesnt want to be categorized among the “weird”. On the other hand, if something is labeled as “strange”，it is not necessarily bad. Rather, something “strange” is simply abnorma

56、l, or unusuala deviation from what is expected. This distinction between “weird” and “strange” is so pronounce that the latter can be used as a euphemism for the former in certain situations. For example, notice how a simple substitution is able to make the following sentence less offensive: “Your m

57、others cookies taste weird” compared to” Your mothers cookies taste strange”. In the former sentence, the speaker sounds as though he or she is insulting your mothers cookies, stating that they taste bad. In the latter sentence, however, the speaker sounds as though the cookies simply taste differen

58、t, or unusual, compared to what he or she is used to the difference owing to the innocuous addition of too much flour perhaps.Finally, lets look at the synonyms, “happy” and “glad”. As in the aforementioned cases, these words seem to have little or no discernible difference between them. Take for ex

59、ample the following sentences: 1) Tommy is happy because he got a new bike. 2) Tommy is glad because he got a new bike. Most understand these sentences to have the same meaning. And again, upon consulting a dictionary, one will find highly similar, if not the same, definitions. But these definitions

60、 lack the feeling, the unique emotional charge that these words convey. The word “happy” conveys a sense of levity, or a carefree attitude. The thought of someone who is “happy” conjures the image of a bright-eyes, ruddy, smiling face. One is “happy” on the morning of his birthday, discovering a new

61、 puppy bounding into his bedroom. On the other hand, the word “glad” conveys a sense of relief or contentment. The thought of someone who is “glad” conjures the image of a man standing crossed-armed, nodding gently, a stoic grin crossing his face. One is “glad” when he sees that the childs lost pupp

62、y has been found, and was merely frolicking too far from home.Granted, the notion that close synonyms can be used interchangeably is prevalent among English speakers. And alas, the dictionary-the text purported to be responsible for clarifying such issuesis of little assistance. In the end, it is le

63、ft to us the speakers of the language, those actively responsible for maintaining its sustenance and generation, to understand how these words make us feel and what mood we are inclined to attach to them. Using the examples and insights described above, one may come to recognize these subtle, yet cr

64、ucial, differences.Granted, the notion that close synonyms can be used interchangeably is prevalent among English speakers. And alas, the dictionary the text purported to be responsible for clarifying such issuesis of little assistance. In the end, it is left to us, the speakers of the language, those actively responsible for maintaining its sustenance and generation, to understand how these words make us feel and what mood we are inclined to attach to them. Using the examples and insig