2022年考博英语-电子科技大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷75

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1、2022年考博英语-电子科技大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题In the（ ）of this earthquake, many national and international communities offered help and assistance.问题1选项A.senseB.hopeC.caseD.wake【答案】D【解析】句意:随着这个地震而来的是很多国家和国际团体主动提供帮助。考查短语辨析。In the sense of 从意义上说; in the hope of怀着的希望; in the case of至于,在的情况下; in the wake of 紧

2、紧跟随,随着而来。因此D符合句意。2. 单选题As a junior assistant manager, he had been selected for（ ）.问题1选项A.interruptionB.promotionC.considerationD.intuition【答案】B【解析】句意:作为一个年轻的副经理,他已被选中为提拔对象。考查名词辨析。Interruption 中断时间,打扰,插嘴; promotion 提升,提拔,晋升; consideration仔细考虑,深思,斟酌; intuition直觉力,(一种)直觉。故B符合句意。3. 单选题The（ ）young hopefu

3、ls were pushed aside in the scramble for jobs.问题1选项A.respectedB.inexperiencedC.prematureD.distinguished【答案】B【解析】句意:在求职竞争中,没有经验但年轻有志者都被挤掉了。考查形容词辨析。Respected受尊敬的; inexperienced无经验的,不熟练的; premature早产的,不成熟的; distinguished著名的,高贵的。因此B符合句意。4. 单选题If a person talks about his weak points, his listener is expe

4、cted to say something in the way of（ ）.问题1选项A.persuasionB.remedyC.encouragementD.compromise【答案】C【解析】句意:如果一个人谈及自己的缺点，那么他的听众就被期待说一些关于鼓励的话。考查名词辨析。persuasion说服，劝说;remedy补救，治疗;encouragement 鼓励；compromise 妥协，和解。由前半句句意可知C符合句意。5. 单选题There are many kinds of metals,（ ）its special properties问题1选项A.each havingB

5、.every havingC.each hasD.one has【答案】A【解析】句意:这里有很多种金属，每一种都有它特有的属性。语法题。考查独立主格。“its special properties它特有的属性”的逻辑主语是空格前“metals金属”,因此这里使用独立主格结构来 表示补充说明。6. 单选题The word “science” is heard so often in modern times that almost everybody has some notion of its meaning. However, its definition is difficult for

6、 many people. The meaning of the term is confusing, but everyone should understand its meaning and objectives. Just to make the explanation as simple as possible, suppose science is defined as classified knowledge (facts).Even in the true science, distinguishing facts from fiction is not always easy

7、. For this reason great care should be taken to distinguish between beliefs and truths. There is no danger so long as a clear difference is made between temporary and proved explanations. For example, hypotheses are attempts to explain natural phenomena. From these positions the scientists continue

8、to experiment and observe until they are proved or discredited. The exact status of any explanation should be clearly labeled to avoid confusion.The objectives of science are primarily the discovery and the subsequent understanding of the unknown. Man cannot be satisfied with recognizing that secret

9、s exist in nature of that questions are unanswerable; he must solve them. Toward that end, specialists in the field of biology and related fields of interest are directing much of their time and energy.Actually, two basic approaches lead to the discovery of new information. One, aimed at satisfying

10、curiosity, is referred to as pure science. The other is aimed at using knowledge for specific purposes - for instance, improving health, raising standards of living, or creating new consumer products. In this case knowledge is put in economic use. Such an approach is referred to as applied science.S

11、ometimes practical-minded people miss the point of pure science in thinking only of its immediate application for economic rewards. Chemists responsible for many of the discoveries could hardly have anticipated that their findings would one day result in applications of such a practical nature as th

12、ose directly related to life and death. The discoveries of one bit of information opens the door to the discovery of another. Some discoveries seem so simple that one is amazed they were not made years ago, however, one should remember that the construction of the microscope had to precede the disco

13、very of cell. The host of scientists devoting their lives to pure science are not apologetic about ignoring the practical side of their discoveries; they know from experience that most knowledge is eventually applied.1. To define science we may simply call it（ ）.2. Pure science, leading to the const

14、ruction of a microscope,（ ）.A scientist interested in adding to our knowledge about oxygen would probably call his approach（ ）.3. Which of the following statements does the author imply?4. The best title for the passage is（ ）.问题1选项A.the study of unrelated subjectsB.an attempt to explain natural phen

15、omenaC.the study of unrelated fieldsD.classified knowledge问题2选项A.may lead to antiscientific, “impure” resultsB.necessarily precedes applied science, leading to the discovery of a cellC.is not always as pure as we supposeD.necessarily results from applied science and the discovery of a cell问题3选项A.app

16、lied scienceB.agriculture scienceC.pure scienceD.environmental science问题4选项A.Scientists engaged in theoretical research should not be blamed for ignoring the practical side of their discoveries.B.Today few people have any notions of the meaning of science.C.In science, it is not difficult to disting

17、uish fact from fiction.D.Practical-minded people can understand the meaning and objectives of pure science.问题5选项A.The Nature of Science and ScientistsB.Biology and the Scientific AgeC.Hypotheses and TheoriesD.On Distinguishing Facts from Fictions【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:A第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干关键信息“to d

18、efine science” 定位至第一段: Just to make the explanation as simple as possible, suppose science is defined as classified knowledge (正是为了使解释尽可能简单，假定科学被定义为“分类知识”),故选D “分类知识”。2.细节事实题。根据题干关键词the construction of a microscope定位至第五段:however, one should remember that the construction of the microscope had to pre

19、cede the discovery of the cell (然而，人们应该不会忘记:显微镜的建造必须早于细胞的发现),因此B项“一定会领先于应用科学，导致细胞的发现”正确。3.判断推理题。题干为:一位对增加我们关于氧气的常识感兴趣的科学家可能称他的方法为?第四段指出:two basic approaches lead to the discovery of new information. One, aimed at satisfying curiosity, is referred to as pure science (两种基本的方法导致了新信息的发现。一种是为了满足好奇心，被称为纯科

20、学),因此这个科学家的方法可以被称为产科学,故选C。4.判断推理题。A:从事理论研究的科学家不应该由于忽视他们发现的实用性而被谴责,第五段指出: The host of scientists dedicating their lives to pure science are not apologetic about ignoring the practical side of the discoveries (许多致力于纯科学研究的科学家并不为忽视发现的实用性而道歉),因此A项符合原文所述。B:现在很少有人能真正理解科学的含义,第一段指出: The word science is heard

21、 so often in modern times that almost everybody has some notion of its meaning (现代人经常听到科学这个词,几乎每个人都对它的含义有一些概念),因此B不符合原文所述。C:就科学而言,区分事实和虚构并不是很难,根据第二段首句“Even in the true sciences distinguishing fact from fiction is not always easy (即使在真正的科学中，区分事实和虚构并不总是容易的)”可知C项不正确。D:追求实用性的人能够理解纯科学的含义和目标。根据第五段首句“Somet

22、imes practical-minded people miss the point of pure science (有时候有实际头脑的人会忽略纯科学的意义)”可知D项与原文不符。故选A。5.主旨大意题。文章主要讲的是科学的定义、科学的分类以及科学家的特性，因此，A项“科学和科学家的特性”最适合做文章标题。7. 单选题The two countries have（ ）friendly relations for many years.问题1选项A.retainedB.sustainedC.maintainedD.remained【答案】C【解析】句意:这两个国家多年来保持着友好关系。考查动

23、词辨析。四个选项均为对应动词的过去分词形式。Retain持有,保留; sustain维持(生命、生存),使稳定持续,遭受; maintain维持,保持,维修; remain仍然是,保持不变,剩余,遗留,续存在。因此C符合句意。8. 单选题It is an offence to show（ ）against people of different races.问题1选项A.distinctionB.differenceC.separationD.discrimination【答案】D【解析】句意:对不同种族的人表现出歧视是一种冒犯。考查名词辨析。distinction区别，特性;differen

24、ce差异，不同;separation分离，距离;discrimination歧视，区别，辨别。故D符合句意。9. 单选题I recommend that the planning（ ）until all the materials have been supplied.问题1选项A.is not startedB.will not be startedC.not be startedD.is not to be started【答案】C【解析】句意:我建议应该在所有的材料己被提供后才启动这个计划。语法题。考查虚拟语气。句子谓语为recommend,表示要求建议,这类动词所接的宾语从句一般用虚拟

25、语气: (should) +原形动词，且should 般会省略,故选C。10. 单选题Harnessing the wind to（ ）electricity dates back to 1890.问题1选项A.manufactureB.yieldC.growD.generate【答案】D【解析】句意:利用风来发电可追溯到1890年。考查动词辨析。Manufacture 制造,加工; yield 出产(作物),产生(收益、效益等),提供,放弃; grow扩大,增加,增强; generate产生,引起,发(电)。故D符合句意。11. 单选题A terrible traffic accident

26、happened; people were saddened when they watched the（ ）sight on TV.问题1选项A.panicB.patrioticC.patheticD.periodic【答案】C【解析】句意:一起惨不忍睹的交通事故发生了，当在电视上看到这个悲惨的场景时，人们是难过的。考查形容词辨析。panic恐慌的，惊慌失措的；patriotic 爱国的;pathetic 可怜的，令人同情的，悲惨的；periodic 周期的，定期的。根据前半句句意“一起惨不忍睹的交通事故发生了”可知C正确。12. 单选题Parents have a legal（ ）to e

27、nsure that their children are provided with sufficient education suitable to their age.问题1选项A.impulseB.influenceC.obligationD.sympathy【答案】C【解析】句意:父母要承担的法律义务是：要保证自己的小孩获得充分的适龄教育。考查名词辨析。impulse 冲动，心血来潮；influence 影响；obligation 义务，责任；sympathy 同情（心）。根据to后面的目的可知C符合句意。13. 单选题The（ ）from Africas booming oil s

28、ales rarely reaches the people who live where the oil is produced.问题1选项A.currencyB.revenueC.tariffD.exchange【答案】B【解析】句意:非洲蓬勃发展的石油销售收入很少到达在石油生产地生活的人的手中。考查名词辨析。Currency通货,货币,通用,流行; revenue财政收入,税收收入,收益; tariff关税,(旅馆、饭店或服务公司的)价目表,收费表; exchange交流,兑换。因此B符合句意。14. 单选题In the old days, children were familiar

29、with birth and death as part of life. This is perhaps the first generation of American youngsters who have never been close by during the birth of a baby and have never experienced the death of a family member.Nowadays when people grow old, we often send them to nursing homes. When they get sick we

30、transfer them to a hospital, where children are forbidden to visit terminally ill patients -even when those patients are their parents. This deprives the dying patient of significant family members during the last few days of his life and it deprives the children of an experience of death, which is

31、an important learning experience.Some of my colleagues and I once interviewed and followed approximately 500 terminally ill patients in order to find out what they could teach us and how we could be of more benefit, not just to them but to the members of their families as well. We were most impresse

32、d by the fact that even those patients who were not told of their serious illness were quite aware of its potential outcome.It is important for family members, and doctors and nurses to understand these patients communications in order to truly understand their needs, fears, and fantasies. Most of o

33、ur patients welcomed another human being with whom they could talk openly, honestly, and frankly about their trouble. Many of them shared with us their tremendous need to be informed, to be kept up-to-date on their medical condition and to be told when the end was near. We found out that patients wh

34、o had been dealt with openly and frankly were better able to cope with the approach of death and finally to reach a true stage of acceptance prior to death.1. The elders of contemporary Americans（ ）.2. Children in America today are denied the chance（ ）.3. Five hundred critically ill patients were in

35、vestigated with the main purpose of（ ）.4. The need of a dying patient for company shows（ ）.5. It may be concluded from the passage that（ ）.问题1选项A.were often absent when a family member was born or dyingB.were quite unfamiliar with birth and deathC.usually witnessed the birth or death of a family mem

36、berD.had often experienced the fear of death as part of life问题2选项A.to learn how to face deathB.to visit dying patientsC.to attend to patientsD.to have access to a hospital问题3选项A.observing how they reacted to the crisis of deathB.helping them and their families overcome the fear of deathC.finding out

37、 their attitude towards the approach of deathD.learning how to best help them and their families问题4选项A.Iiis desire for communication with other peopleB.his fear of approaching deathC.his pessimistic attitude towards his conditionD.his reluctance to part with his family问题5选项A.dying patients are afrai

38、d of being told of the approach of deathB.most doctors and nurses understand what dying patients needC.dying patients should be truthfully informed of their conditionD.most patients are unable to accept death until it is obviously inevitable【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.判断推理题。第一段指出: In the old

39、days, children were familiar with birth and death as part of life (在过去,孩子们对出生和死亡非常熟悉,是他们生活的部分),以及:This is perhaps the first generation of American youngsters who have never been close by during the birth of a baby and have never experienced the death of a family member (现在的孩子可能是从未目睹要儿的降生和亲人的死亡的第一代美国

40、人)。由此推断C项 “(当代美国老年人)常目击家庭成员的出生或死亡”正确。2.判断推理题。第二段指出: When they get sick we transfer them to a hospital, where children are forbidden to visit terminally ill patients even when those patients are their parents (当他们生病时候就被转移到医院,而小孩却被禁止去看望甚至是自己父母的临终病人)。由此推断B项“探望临终父母”正确。3.细节事实题。第三段指出: .in order to find ou

41、t what they could teach us and how we could be of more benefit, not just to them but to the members of their families as well (为了发现他们（即临终的病人）能让我们明白什么,和我们怎样能帮助他们和他们的家人),由此可知D项 “学习如何最好地帮助他们和他们的家人”正确。4.判断推理题。最后一段指出: Most of our patients welcomed another human being with whom they could talk openly, hon

42、estly, and frankly about their trouble (我们采访的大多数病人欢迎另一个他们能与之坦率、真诚且坦白地谈及自己疾病的人),因此A项 “他渴望与他人交流”正确。5.判断推理题。A:临终的病人害怕被告知死亡的来临,C: 临终病人应该被诚实地告知自己的病情,最后一段指出: Many of them shared with us their tremendous need to be informed, to be kept up-to-date on their medical condition and to be told when the end was n

43、ear (他们（即我们采访的临终病人）中的很多人都表现出希望被告知自己的病情,希望能够了解自己病情的最新情况,并且希望知道死亡什么时候来临),由此可知A项不正确,C项正确。B:大多数医生和护士了解临终病人的需求,第四段指出: It is important for family members, and doctors and nurses to understand these patients communications in order to truly understand their needs, fears, and fantasies (为了真正懂得他们的需求、恐惧和梦想,了解

44、这些病人的信息对家庭成员、医生和护士而言是重要的),因此B项不正确。D:大多数病人直到死亡己然成定局吋才接受,最后一段指出:We found out that patients who had been dealt with openly and frankly were better able to cope with the approach of death and finally to reach a true stage of acceptance prior to death (我们发现那些被公开坦诚地对待的病人在对待死亡的临近和接受死亡的问题上处理得更好),因此D项不正确。故选C

45、。15. 单选题He has given（ ）excuses for being late; but none of them is true.问题1选项A.numberB.numeralC.numerableD.numerous【答案】D【解析】句意:他给出很多迟到的理由，但是没有一个是真的。考查形容词辨析。number 数字，号码；numeral 数字，数码;numerable 可数的，可计算的；numerous 很多的，许多的。根据后面句意“但是没有一个是真的”可知D符合句意。16. 单选题This area of the park has been specially（ ）for ch

46、ildren, but accompanying adults are also welcome.问题1选项A.inauguratedB.designatedC.entitledD.delegated【答案】B【解析】句意:公园的这个区是专门为孩子们设定的，但是也欢迎陪同的成年人。考查动词辨析。选项均为对应动词的过去分词形式表被动。inaugurate开辟，举行开幕典礼，举行就职典礼；designate 指定，标出，be designated for 为而设；entitle 定名为，给称号，使有权利，常用于be entitled to表示有资格；delegate委派为代表，委任。故B符合句意。

47、17. 填空题Memory is undoubtedly one of the most important human facilities. （1）it there would be no learning from experience, no intellectual functioning, no（2）of language, nor any of the qualities that are generally（3）with being human. Yet, with the possible exception of consciousness itself, memory （

48、4）the most mysterious of the minds（5）. Despite the fact that more research has been（6）to the study of memory than to any other mental function, comparatively（7）is known about how the mind remembers things, and why it also appears to（8）.Memory is often thought of（9）the ability to recall past events.（

49、10）someone were asked to remember what he ate for lunch yesterday, he would probably be able to give a brief（11）, and if we were to（12）back with what he had（13）eaten, it would be possible to see how well he bad remembered it.Memory,（14）, is more than just the ability to recall. If the（15）person were

50、 asked what he ate for lunch a year ago, he would probably be very（16）to recall it. Yet if we could（17）him of what he actually ate, lie might well say, “Ah yes, now I remember.” He would（18）the items and still could be said to have retained（19）memory of the event. Thus, retention does not（20）imply r

51、ecall.【答案】1.Without2.development3.associated4.remains5.function6.devoted7.little8.forget9.as10.If11.description12.check13.actually14.however15.same16.unlikely17.remind18.recall19.some20.necessarily【解析】1.词汇题。分析句子可知, it后面的句子是完整的，因此，空格处应该填入介词；此外,段首句讲到记忆是人体功能最重要的一部分，而后文用并列的否定词“no或nor” 说明在记忆的某种情况下，就不会有智力

52、功能。因此应该填入“without”。2.词汇题。空格处和of language一起应该和learning from experience(从经验中学习) ,intellectual functioning(智力发挥作用)是并列的,因此此处填“development”表示“语言的形成”。3.固定搭配。Be associated with 与有关。4.词汇题。分析句子结构可知, memory是主语, the most mysterious是形容词的最高级做表语,因此空格处应该是系动词。“with the possible exception of”，表示“可能除之外”，空格处应该填“remain

53、s”，与前文中“除之外”形成对比关系。5.词汇题。根据后文“mental function”的提示可 知，空格处可填入“function”表示“人脑功能”。6.固定搭配。此处想表达“针对记忆，进行了大量研究”，此处可以填入“devoted”即符合句意。Be devoted to 献身于,致力于。7.词汇题。根据关键词“despite”，以及“comparatively”可推知前后文句意的对比关系，前面句意为:更多的研究致力于记忆的研究，而不是任何其他的心理功能。所以此处应该填入与“more research”相对的词。因此填入表示对比逻辑关系的“little”。8.词汇题。空格前是动词不定式t

54、o,因此空格应该为动词。通过前半句关键词“remembers things”可知,此处应填对应词“forget”。9.固定搭配。be thought of as+n. 被认为是。10.词汇题。通过分析句子谓语动词“were asked”以及“would probably be able to”可知,这是if引导的虚拟条件句。11.词汇题。空前brief为形容词,所以空格处应该是名词。句意: 如果被问及昨天中餐吃了什么，可能给出大概的描述。因此此处填“description”。12.词汇题。所在句为If引导的虚拟条件句。此处“back with”对应前面的remember,故填“check”，c

55、heck back with 确认。13.词汇题。空格前后分别是had和eaten,即动词的过去完成时。因此空格处为副词。根据句意可知“actually”合适。14.逻辑分析。上段的中心句为: 记忆通常被认为能回想过去事情的能力。此段开头为:记忆不仅仅是回忆的能力。因此是对上段的对比转折。15.词汇题。此处应该填入修饰 “people的形容词,句意为:如果一个_人被问及一年前吃过什么, 而且此处是对上文例子的一种情况的描述。因此被问及的应该是同一个人。16.固定搭配。be unlikely to 不可能做某事。17.固定搭配。Remind sb. of 提醒某人。18.词汇题。根据前文句意可知

56、空格处应该谈论继续想起这个事情的情况。因此填“recall”与“retain”对应。19.词汇题。此处应填形容词修饰memory,句意为: 已经保留了这件事的某些记忆。因此，可填“some”。20.词汇题。空格后是动词imply,因此空格处应为副词。此句是对此段中心句的总结,因此可填necessarily。18. 单选题Land belongs to the city; there is（ ）tiling as private ownership of land.问题1选项A.no such aB.not suchC.not such aD.no such【答案】D【解析】句意:土地属于城市，

57、没有诸如土地私人所有的事情。考查固定句式。there is no such thing as. 没有如样的事情。19. 单选题The ideal companion machinethe computer would not only look, feel, and sound friendly but would also be programmed to behave in a pleasant manner. Those qualities make interaction comfortable, and yet the machine would remain slightly un

58、predictable and therefore interesting. In its first encounter it might be somewhat hesitant, but as it came to know the user it would progress to a more relaxed and intimate style. The machine would not be a passive participant but would add its own suggestions, information, and opinions; it would s

59、ometimes take the initiative in developing or changing the topic and would have a personality of its own.Friendships are not made in a day, and the computer would be more acceptable as a friend if it imitated the gradual changes that occur when one person is getting to know another. At an appropriat

60、e time it might also express the kind of affection that stimulates attachment and intimacy. The whole process would be accomplished in a subtle way to avoid giving an impression of over-familiarity that would be likely to produce irritation. After experiencing a wealth of powerful, well-timed friend

61、ship indicators, the user would be very likely to accept the computer as far more than a machine and might well come to regard it as a friend.An artificial relationship of this type would provide many of the benefits that could continue from previous discussions. It would have a familiarity with the

62、 users life as revealed in earlier contact, and it would be understanding and good-humored. The computers own personality would be lively and impressive, and it would develop in response to that of the user. With features such as these, the machine might indeed become a very attractive social partner.1. Which of the following is not a feature of the ideal companion machine?2. The computer would develop friendships with humans in a (an)（ ）way.3. Which o