2022年考博英语-西北师范大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷93

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1、2022年考博英语-西北师范大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题My grandfather had always taken a（ ）interest in my work, and I had an equal admiration for the stories of his time.问题1选项A.splendidB.weightyC.vagueD.keen【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项splendid“壮丽的”；B选项weighty“重的”；C选项vague“模糊的”；D选项keen“热切的”。句意：我的祖父一直对我的作品很感兴趣，我也同样欣赏他那个时代

2、的故事。本句表示有浓厚的兴趣，因此D选项正确。2. 单选题Do you know Tims brother? He is（ ）than Tim.问题1选项A.much more sportsmanB.more of a sportsmanC.more of sportsmanD.more a sportsman【答案】B【解析】考查名词的程度比较。对于一些可显示程度的名词，把带of的数量词放在其前面可以表示程度的修饰，且这种结构只能与单数可数名词连用，名词前要加不定冠词。more of a sportsman than Tim表示他比蒂姆更爱好运动，因此B选项正确。3. 单选题Lying he

3、re in the sun is a very pleasant way to（ ）the afternoon.问题1选项A.give awayB.pass awayC.while awayD.fade away【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项give away“分发”；B选项pass away“去世”；C选项while away“消磨”；D选项fade away“减弱”。句意：躺在这里晒太阳是一种令人愉快的消磨下午时间的方式。本句表示消磨时间。因此C选项正确。4. 单选题（ ）the opportunity, he might well have become an outstandi

4、ng cartoonist.问题1选项A.GivenB.To giveC.GivingD.Being given【答案】A【解析】考查过去分词作状语。given the opportunity是过去分词短语作状语，相当于一个与过去情况相反的虚拟条件句，等于if he had been given the opportunity。句意：如果有机会，他很可能会成为一位杰出的漫画家。因此A选项正确。5. 单选题The old paper mill has been（ ）to make way for a new shopping center.问题1选项A.held downB.kept downC

5、.cut downD.turn down【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项held down“抑制”；B选项kept down“控制”；C选项cut down“削减”；D选项turn down“推倒”。句意：旧造纸厂已被拆除，以便腾出地方建一个新的购物中心。本句表示拆除旧造纸厂，因此D选项正确。6. 单选题The productivity of Americans employed in private businesses has declined. The productivity of workers in countries such as Japan and Germany is

6、 increasing. American machine tools, on average, are old, relatively inefficient, and rapidly becoming obsolete, whereas those of our competitors overseas, in comparison, are newer and more efficient. We are no longer the most productive workers in the world. We are no longer the leaders in industri

7、al innovation. We are an immensely wealthy nation of educated men and women who seem to have lost sight of the fact that everythingfrom the simplest necessities to the finest luxuriesmust be produced through our own collective hard work. We have come to expect automatic increases in our collective s

8、tandard of living, but we seem to have forgotten that these increases are possible only when our productivity continues to grow.One thing that must change is the rate at which we substitute capital equipment for human labor. Simply put, our labor force has increased at a far greater rate than has ou

9、r stock of capital investment. We seem to have forgotten that our past productivity gains, to a large extent, were realized from substitutions of capital for human labor. Today, 3 times as many robots are listed as capital assets by Japanese firms as by United States firms.There is no doubt that rob

10、ots will become a common sight in American factories. Representing a new generation of technology, robots will replace factory labor much as the farm tractor replaced the horse. Robot technology has much to offer. It offers higher levels of productivity and quality at lower costs; in promises to fre

11、e men and women from the dull, repetitious toil of the factory; it is likely to have an impact on society comparable to that made by the growth of computer technology.1.The word “obsolete” (Para. 1) most probably means（ ）.2.The author is anxious about（ ）.3.According to the author, in his country（ ）.

12、4.So far as the influence on society is concerned,（ ）.5.The purpose of the author in writing this passage is to show that（ ）.问题1选项A.weakB.oldC.newD.out of date问题2选项A.his people no longer taking the lead in industrial innovationB.his country no longer being a wealthy nationC.his people forgetting to

13、raise their productivityD.his country falling behind other industrial nations问题3选项A.the proportion of labor force to capital investment is quite lowB.the growth rate of labor force should be greater than that of capital investmentC.the productivity increases should be achieved by the increases of la

14、bor forceD.capital investment should have increased more rapidly than labor force问题4选项A.robot technology seems to be much more promising than computer technologyB.computer technology has less to offer than robot technologyC.robot technology can be compared with computer technologyD.robot technology

15、cannot be compared with computer technology问题5选项A.robots will help increase labor productivityB.robots will rule American factoriesC.robots are cheaper than human laborersD.robots will finally replace humans in factories【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:D第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.语义推测题。由题干关键词“obsolete”可以定位到第一段第三句American mac

16、hine tools, on average, are old, relatively inefficient, and rapidly becoming obsolete（平均而言，美国的机床比较老旧，效率较低，而且很快就会过时），说明“obsolete”在文中的意思是过时的。因此D选项“过时”正确。A选项“弱的”，B选项“老的”，C选项“新的”不符合题意，所以A，B，C错误。2.推理判断题。由A选项关键词“industrial innovation”可以定位到文章第一段第五句We are no longer the leaders in industrial innovation.（我们不

17、再是产业创新的领导者。），A选项“他的人民在产业创新方面不再处于领先地位”表述正确，但文中没有提到作者对此感到焦虑，所以A错误。由B选项关键词“wealthy nation”可以定位到文章第一段第六句We are an immensely wealthy nation of educated men and women（我们是一个由受过教育的男男女女组成的非常富有的国家），说明美国是非常富有的，所以B选项“他的国家不再是一个富有的国家”错误。D选项“他的国家落后于其他工业国家”在文中没有提及，所以错误。由C选项关键词“productivity”可以定位到第一段最后一句We have come

18、to expect automatic increases in our collective standard of living, but we seem to have forgotten that these increases are possible only when our productivity continues to grow.（我们期望集体生活水平会自动提高，但我们似乎忘记了，只有当我们的生产力持续增长时，这种提高才有可能实现。），说明美国现在面临的问题关键在于人民忘记了提高生产力，这正是作者感到焦虑的地方。因此C选项“他的人民忘记了提高生产力”正确。3.推理判断题。

19、由A选项可以定位到文章第二段第二句our labor force has increased at a far greater rate than has our stock of capital investment.（我们的劳动力增长速度远远超过了我们的资本投资存量。），说明美国劳动力与资本投资的比例很高，所以A选项“劳动力与资本投资的比例相当低”错误。由C选项可以定位到第二段第三句our past productivity gains, to a large extent, were realized from substitutions of capital for human lab

20、or.（过去生产力的提高在很大程度上是通过资本替代劳动力而实现的。），说明生产率的提高应通过资本投资的增加来实现，所以C选项“生产率的提高应通过劳动力的增加来实现”错误。由B选项和D选项可以定位到文章第二段第一句One thing that must change is the rate at which we substitute capital equipment for human labor.（有一件事必须改变，那就是我们用资本设备替代劳动力的速度。），美国资本投资的增长速度是远低于劳动力的增长速度的，而这一点必须改变，说明劳动力的增长速度应低于资本投资的增长速度，所以B选项“劳动力的

21、增长速度应大于资本投资的增长速度”错误。因此D选项“资本投资的增长速度应该高于劳动力的增长速度”正确。4.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段最后一句it is likely to have an impact on society comparable to that made by the growth of computer technology.（机器人技术对社会的影响很可能与计算机技术的发展相媲美。），说明机器人技术和计算机技术是相当的。因此C选项“机器人技术可与计算机技术相提并论”正确。A选项“机器人技术似乎比计算机技术更有前途”，B选项“计算机技术与机器人技术相比优势较小”在文

22、中没有提及，所以A，B错误。D选项“机器人技术不能与计算机技术相比”和原文的表述相反，所以D错误。5.观点态度题。由A选项可以定位到文章第三段第四句It offers higher levels of productivity and quality at lower costs（它能以较低的成本提供更高的生产力和质量），说明机器人技术有助于提高生产力。因此A选项“机器人将有助于提高劳动生产力”正确。B选项“机器人将统治美国工厂”，D选项“机器人最终将在工厂中取代人类”的说法过于绝对，所以B，D错误。C选项“机器人比人类劳动者更便宜”表述正确，但不是作者写这篇文章想表达的主要观点，所以C错误。

23、7. 单选题There is already（ ）clear to show that plants and animals are being affected by climate change.问题1选项A.witnessB.certificationC.identityD.evidence【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项witness“证人”；B选项certification“证明”；C选项identity“身份”；D选项evidence“证据”。句意：已经有明确的证据表明，动植物正受到气候变化的影响。本句表示明确的证据，因此D选项正确。8. 单选题The central pro

24、vinces have floods in some years, and（ ）.问题1选项A.drought s in othersB.droughts are othersC.while other droughtsD.others in drought【答案】A【解析】考查并列结构。句意：中部各省有些年遭受洪涝，有些年遭受干旱。and连接两个并列的成分，因后面没有谓语，说明二者的谓语相同，都是have，那么填入的内容就应该与floods in some years并列，drought in others中others指代years，表示“另一些年遭受干旱”。因此A选项正确。9. 单选题（

25、 ）dull he may be, he is certainly a very successful top executive.问题1选项A.AlthoughB.WhateverC.AsD.However【答案】D【解析】考查让步状语的连接词。修饰形容词dull的词必须为副词，although和as是连词，后面接句子，因此排除A和C；whatever后面接名词，因此排除B。however dull he may be表示不管他有多迟钝，因此D选项正确。10. 单选题He feels that he is not yet（ ）to travel abroad.问题1选项A.too stron

26、gB.enough strongC.so strongD.strong enough【答案】D【解析】考查副词的用法。A选项tooto表示“太而不能”，不符合句意，排除A；B选项enough在修饰形容词和副词时应该放在它们的后面，排除B；C选项so应该与that连用，表示“太以至于”，不符合句意，排除C；D选项strong enough表示“足够强壮”。句意：他觉得自己身体还不够强壮，不能出国旅行。因此D选项正确。11. 单选题Once a lighthouse is built, no ship of any nationality can be effectively（ ）from the

27、 utilization of the lighthouse for navigational purposes.问题1选项A.isolatedB.dismissedC.distractedD.excluded【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项isolated“孤立”；B选项dismissed“解散”；C选项distracted“分心”；D选项excluded“排除”。句意：灯塔一旦建成，任何国籍的船舶都可以有效地利用它来航行。本句表示没有船舶会被排除在外，因此D选项正确。12. 填空题bully democracy destiny loyal renownedChurchill beli

28、eved that he was（1）to lead his country. He fought as a soldier in World War I and led the country to victory in World War II. It seems ironic that a leader of such（2）as Churchill could not count on the（3）of voters in 1945. However, in a（4）country, electors cannot be（5）, and he had to tolerate politi

29、cal defeat after military victory, and once more to his country retreat, Chartwell.【答案】1.destined2.renown3.loyalty4.democratic5.bullied【解析】1.句意：丘吉尔相信他注定要领导他的国家。此处应用被动语态，因此填destined。2.句意：像丘吉尔这样声名显赫的领导人。此处应用名词形式，因此填renown。3.句意：像丘吉尔这样声名显赫的领导人却不能指望选民的忠诚。此处应用名词形式，因此填loyalty。4.句意：在一个民主国家。此处应用形容词形式，因此填demo

30、cratic。5.句意：选举人是不能被欺负的。此处应用被动语态，因此填bullied。13. 单选题If it（ ）too much trouble, Id love a cup of coffee.问题1选项A.hadnt beenB.isntC.werentD.may not be【答案】B【解析】考查时态。句意：如果不是很麻烦，我想要来杯咖啡。本题的would是一种委婉、礼貌的语气，表示请求，所以if从句是一个真实条件句，不是虚拟语气，直接用一般现在时，因此B选项正确。14. 单选题Nine is to three（ ）three is to one.问题1选项A.whenB.thatC

31、.whichD.what【答案】D【解析】考查方式状语从句。A is to B what C is to D是固定句式，意思是“A对于B来说就等于C对于D一样”，what在句中引导方式状语从句，表示“好比，正如”。句意：九比三等于三比一。因此D选项正确。15. 单选题This is an illness that can result in total blindness（ ）left untreated.问题1选项A.afterB.ifC.sinceD.unless【答案】B【解析】考查条件状语从句。if引导的条件状语从句，如果从句和主句的主语一致，则从句中的主语和be动词可以一同省略，此句

32、省略了the illness is。句意：这种疾病如果不加以治疗，就会导致完全失明。因此B选项正确。16. 单选题As you all know, the United States is a country on wheels. Nearly eight million new cars are made each year; four households out of five own at least one car, and more than a quarter have two each. Yet youll be surprised to learn that some of

33、the car-owners even suffer from malnutrition.In 1968, a nation-wide survey of malnutrition was made for the first time. It found that 10 million people are suffering in health through inadequate feeding; the causes of their plight were varied. Unemployment over a long period should be considered as

34、the main factor. And unemployment, strange to say, nine times out of ten results from automation, both in industrial and agricultural areas. For example, in the rural South when a cotton plantation suddenly cuts its force from 100 people to three, the problem to help the displaced arises. So is the

35、case with industrial automation. In fact, probably 2 million jobs are made unnecessary each year in the whole country as a result of the automation process, thus making unemployment a chief social concern. According to government statistics, the number of people unemployed was over 5 percent for the

36、 period from 1958 to 1963. In July 1981, it rose to 7.8 percent. As a matter of fact, it has long been known that even during the most prosperous periods there have been people without enough to eat. So I think thats why President Kennedy said in his inauguration speech in 1961, if the government di

37、d not help the poor, it could not save the rich.In 1966, the Social Security Administration calculated that a family of four needed an income of $3,355 a year to be above the line of poverty. And in 1977, the average poverty line of the country was slightly more than $6,200 annual income for a non-f

38、arm family of four. According to the Social Security Act, families of that size below poverty line are eligible to receive benefits from the special welfare program. The average weekly payment of benefits now is equivalent to 36 percent of the workers normal wage. And the number of people who receiv

39、e government benefits is increasing. In 1973, social insurance payments by governments, mainly to old age pensioners and people who had lost their jobs or were off work through illness, amounted to $86,000 million. Those not fully qualified for insurance payments received $29,000 million in public a

40、id.But problems still exist. Many people are not reached by the anti-poverty program, because local authorities and agencies do not want to play their part or do not gave the resources to do so. Some poor people will not accept help for various reasons. Of course, there are some more important facto

41、rs which lie in the structure of the society, but I dont consider it necessary to dig into them here. Yet we will perhaps agree that social welfare programs have solved to some extent the problems of feeding, clothing and housing those below the poverty line. On the whole, it perhaps might be said t

42、hat American people are living a better life than people in most other countries.1.The United States is called a country on wheels because（ ）.2.According to a 1968 survey, ten million Americans found themselves in a difficult health situation chiefly due to（ ）.3.The author use “the displaced” (Line

43、6 , Para. 2) to refer to those who are（ ）.4.The word “eligible” (Line 4, Para. 3) is synonymous with “（ ）”.5.Americans are living a better life than those in most of other countries because, to some degree,（ ）.问题1选项A.about one-fourth Americans own two carsB.a bit over one out of four households are

44、the owners of two carsC.nearly 8 million new cars drive in the country every yearD.80% Americans have at least one car问题2选项A.inadequate feedingB.malnutritionC.unemploymentD.automation问题3选项A.unemployedB.disabledC.sickD.poor问题4选项A.necessaryB.urgentC.neededD.worthy问题5选项A.many Americans receive benefits

45、 from the special welfare programB.some poor people can receive help for some reason or otherC.there is the anti-poverty program in the U.S.D.social welfare programs have some measure settled the problems of those below the poverty line【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A第4题:D第5题:D【解析】1.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段，第一段第二句说到f

46、our households out of five own at least one car, and more than a quarter have two each（五分之四的家庭至少有一辆车，超过四分之一的家庭拥有两辆汽车），可以说明美国为什么被称为车轮上的国家。因此B选项“超过四分之一的家庭拥有两辆汽车”正确。A选项“大约四分之一的美国人拥有两辆汽车”，由原文可知是超过四分之一的美国家庭拥有两辆汽车，而不是美国人，所以A错误。C选项“每年有近800万辆新车在这个国家行驶”，由原文可知，是每年生产近800万辆新车，不代表所有新车都能上路行驶，所以C错误。D选项“80%的美国人至少有一

47、辆车”，由原文可知，是80%的家庭至少拥有一辆汽车，所以D错误。2.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第二、三句It found that 10 million people are suffering in health through inadequate feeding; the causes of their plight were varied. Unemployment over a long period should be considered as the main factor.（有1000万人因饮食不足而健康状况不佳；造成他们困境的原因多种多样。长期失业应被视为主要因

48、素。），说明美国人健康状况不佳的主要原因是失业。因此C选项“失业”正确。A选项“饮食不足”，B选项“营养不良”，D选项“自动化”均不符合题意，所以A，B，D错误。3.语义推测题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第四、五句And unemployment, strange to say, nine times out of ten results from automation, both in industrial and agricultural areas. For example, in the rural South when a cotton plantation suddenly cut

49、s its force from 100 people to three, the problem to help the displaced arises.（奇怪的是，失业十有八九是由自动化造成的，无论是在工业还是农业领域。例如，在南方农村，当一个棉花种植园突然将其劳动力从100人削减到3人时，帮助流离失所者的问题就出现了。），说明“the displaced”在文中的意思是失业的人。因此A选项“失业者”正确。B选项“残疾人”，C选项“病人”，D选项“穷人”均不符合题意，所以B，C，D错误。4.语义推测题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第三句According to the Social Sec

50、urity Act, families of that size below poverty line are eligible to receive benefits from the special welfare program.（根据社会保障法，这种规模的家庭在贫困线以下，有资格领取特别福利计划的补助。），说明“eligible”在文中的意思是有资格。因此D选项“应得的，值得的”正确。A选项“必要的”，B选项“紧急的”，C选项“必须的”均不符合题意，所以A，B，C错误。5.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段第五、六句Yet we will perhaps agree that s

51、ocial welfare programs have solved to some extent the problems of feeding, clothing and housing those below the poverty line. On the whole, it perhaps might be said that American people are living a better life than people in most other countries.（然而，我们可能会同意，社会福利计划在一定程度上解决了贫困线以下的人的吃、穿、住问题。总的来说，也许可以说

52、，美国人比大多数其他国家的人生活得更好。），说明美国人比其他大多数国家的人生活得更好的原因是社会福利计划帮助了贫困线以下的人。因此D选项“社会福利计划在一定程度上解决了贫困线以下人群的问题”正确。A选项“许多美国人从特殊的福利计划中得到了好处”，B选项“一些贫困人口由于某种原因可以得到帮助”，C选项“美国有反贫困计划”均不符合题意，所以A，B，C错误。17. 单选题（ ）every field of our modern life, there is nothing it cannot do to push our civilization to a higher stage.问题1选项A.C

53、omputer entersB.With computer enteringC.With computer entersD.Computer entered【答案】B【解析】考查伴随状语。句意：随着计算机进入我们现代生活的各个领域，没有什么不能把我们的文明推向更高的阶段。with作伴随状语，说明造成某一局面的原因，with+名词+现在分词这种结构表示动作的主动和进行态，因此B选项正确。18. 单选题Which is safer-staying at home, traveling to work on public transport, or working in the office? Su

54、rprisingly, each of these carries the same risk, which is very low. However, what about flying compared to working in the chemical industry? Unfortunately, the former is 65 times riskier than the latter! In fact, the accident rate of workers in the chemical industry is less than that of almost any o

55、f human activity, and almost as safe as staying at home.The trouble with the chemical industry is that when things go wrong they often cause death to those living nearby. It is this which makes chemical accidents so newsworthy. Fortunately, they are extremely rare. The most famous ones happened at T

56、exas City (1947), Flixborough (1974), Seveso (1976), Pemex (1984) and Bhopal (1984).Some of these are always in the minds of the people even though the loss of life was small. No one died at Seveso, and only 28 workers at Flixborough. The worst accident of all was Bhopal, where up to 3,000 were kill

57、ed. The Texas City explosion of fertilizer killed 552. The Pemex fire at a storage plant for natural gas in the suburbs of Mexico City took 542 lives, just a month before the unfortunate event at Bhopal.Some experts have discussed these accidents and used each accident to illustrate a particular dan

58、ger. Thus the Texas City explosion was caused by tons of ammonium nitrate (硝酸铵), which is safe unless stored in great quantity. The Flixborough fireball was the fault of management, which took risks to keep production going during essential repairs. The Seveso accident shows what happens if the loca

59、l authorities lack knowledge of the danger on their doorstep. When the poisonous gas drifted over the town, local leaders were incapable of taking effective action. The Pemex fire was made worse by an overloaded site in an overcrowded suburb. The fire set off a chain reaction of exploding storage ta

60、nks. Yet, by a miracle, the two largest tanks did not explode. Had these caught fire, then 3,000 strong rescue team and fire fighters would all have died.1. Which of the following statements is true?2.Chemical accidents are usually important enough to be reported as news because（ ）.3.According to pa

61、ssage, the chemical accident that caused by the fault of management happened at（ ）.4.From the passage we know that ammonium nitrate is a kind of（ ）.5.From the discussion among some experts we may conclude that（ ）.问题1选项A.Working at the office is safer than staying at home.B.Travelling to work on publ

62、ic transport is safer than working at the office.C.Staying at home is safer than working in the chemical industry.D.Working in the chemical industry is safer than traveling by air.问题2选项A.they are very rareB.they often cause loss of lifeC.they always occur in big citiesD.they arouse the interest of a

63、ll the readers问题3选项A.Texas cityB.FlixboroughC.SevesoD.Mexico City问题4选项A.natural gas, which can easily catch fireB.fertilizer, which cant be stored in a great quantityC.poisonous substance, which cant be used in overcrowded areasD.fuel, which is stored in large tanks问题5选项A.to avoid any accidents we sh