2022年考博英语-西南交通大学考试题库及模拟押密卷74（含答案解析）

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1、2022年考博英语-西南交通大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题In the wake of 11 September, Visionics, a leading manufacturer, issued a fact sheet explaining how its technology could enhance airport security. They called it protecting civilization from the faces of terror. The companys share price skyrocketed, as did the s

2、tocks of other face-recognition companies, and airports across the globe began installing the software and running trials.As the results start to come in, however, the gloss is wearing off. No matter what you might have heard about face-recognition software, Big Brother is not so good as expected.Th

3、e concern was based largely on an independent assessment of face-recognition systems carried out in 2000 in the U.S. by the Department of Defense. These tests found that to catch 90 percent of suspects at an airport, face-recognition software would have to raise a huge number of false alarms. One in

4、 three people would end up being dragged out of the line and thats assuming everyone looks straight at the camera and makes no efforts to disguise himself. Results from the recent airport trials would seem to justify that concern.Most face-recognition systems use some kind of geometric technique to

5、translate a picture of a face into a set of numbers that capture its characteristics. Once it has identified these boundaries, the software calculates their relative sizes and positions and converts this geometry into what Visionics calls a faceprint. Feed the software a series of mugshots and itll

6、calculate their faceprints. Then it can monitor live CCTV images for the faces of known suspects. When it finds a match, it raises an alarm.Even if the system does manage to capture a face, the problems arent over. The trouble is that a suspects faceprint taken from live CCTV is unlikely to match th

7、e one in the database in every detail. To give themselves the best chance of picking up suspects, operators can set the software so that it doesnt have to make an exact match before it raises the alarm. But theres a price to pay: the more potential suspects you pick up, the more false alarms you get

8、. You have to get the balance just right.Despite the disappointing tests, some people insist that face-recognition technology is good enough to put terrorists off. After all the claims and counter-claims, with no one able to discern the truth, the industry may soon have to face up to reality.1.The f

9、irst paragraph tells us that （ ）.2.The second paragraph implies that（ ）.3.What is the fatal defeat of the system according to the U.S. Department of Defense?4.What makes it so hard for the face-recognition systems to work effectively?5.In the last paragraph, the author points out that（ ）.问题1选项A.Visi

10、onics produced the best face-recognition software enhancing airport securityB.Visionicss stock rose in priceC.the airports were satisfied with the softwareD.Visionicss software was a great success问题2选项A.the surface of the software is not enoughB.there is a series of face-recognition software product

11、sC.the software turns out to be inefficientD.the software is not durable问题3选项A.Too many false alarms were raised.B.Everyone should look straight at the camera.C.Only 90% of suspects at an airport were found.D.Everyone should not disguise himself.问题4选项A.The computers are not so advanced.B.The facepri

12、nts fed in the computers are never identical with those of real persons.C.It is very hard for the operators to learn to control the system.D.People seldom look straight at the camera.问题5选项A.anyway, the face-recognition technology is good enough to frighten the terroristsB.the industry should recogni

13、ze the situation and improve the technology.C.all the claims are prematureD.we must not expect too much【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A第4题:B第5题:B【解析】第1题:细节事实题。A:Visionics公司生产了最好的人脸识别软件来增强机场的安全性。B: Visionics的股票价格上涨。C:机场对软件很满意。D:Visionics的软件非常成功。第一句指出: In the wake of 11 September, Visionics, a leading manufacturer

14、, issued a fact sheet explaining how its technology could enhance airport security (9月11日之后，领先的制造商Visionics发布了一份情况说明书，解释其技术如何增强机场安全)。但并不能证明A项跟D项正确。第三句说到: The companys share price skyrocketed (公司股价飞涨)。因此B项正确。最后一句指出: airports across the globe began installing the software and running trials (全球各地的机场开始

15、安装该软件并进行测试)。但这并不能说明C项正确。因此答案为B。第2题:判断推理题。第二段意思为:然而，伴随软件试用结果出现，该软件的光彩逐渐消逝，无论你或许对面部识别软件听说过什么，Visionics这家大公司的面部识别软件都不如宣传的那样好。因此C项“该软件结果是无效率的”正确。第3题:判断推理题。题干问的是:根据美国国防部的说法，这个系统的致命缺点是什么? A:太多假警报被拉响。B:每个人都要直视镜头。C:只有90%的嫌疑犯在机场被发现。D:每个人都应该伪装自己。可定位至第三段。第二句指出: These tests found that to catch 90 percent of sus

16、pects at an airport, face-recognition software would have to raise a huge number of false alarms (这些测试发现，要在机场抓获90%的嫌疑人，人脸识别软件必须发出大量虚假警报)。因此A项正确，C项不正确。第三句指出: One in three people would end up being dragged out of the line and thats assuming everyone looks straight at the camera and makes no efforts to

17、 disguise himself (每三个人中就有一个被拖拉出候机的队伍，而这种比例是基于每个人都直视镜头且不做任何努力掩饰自己的情况)。由此可知B项跟D项只是文中提及的实验的条件，而非致命缺点。第4题:判断推理题。第五段指出:The trouble is that a suspects faceprint taken from live CCTV is unlikely to match the one in the database in every detail (问题在于从现场监控提取的嫌疑犯的脸纹不可 能与数据库里的每一个细节相匹配)。因此，使得人脸识别系统难以有效工作的原因是B项

18、“电脑里的面纹从不与真人的面纹完全相同”。第5题:细节事实题。最后一段最后一句指出: After all the claims and counter-claims, with no one able to discern the truth, the industry may soon have to face up to reality (在所有的控诉和反控诉之后，尽管没有一个人能识别真相，但是该行业或许很快不得不面对现实)。由此可知B项“该行业应该认清现实，改善技术”正确。2. 单选题Many tourists were （ ） by the citys complicated traf

19、fic system.问题1选项A.degradedB.bewilderedC.evokedD.diverted【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。选项均为对应动词的过去分词形式。A选项degrade“贬低；使丢脸；使降级”；B选项bewilder“使迷惑，使不知所措”；C选项evoke“ 引起，唤起；博得”；D选项divert“ 转移；使欢娱；使转向”。句意：这个城市的复杂交通系统让很多游客感到迷惑。由题干关键词“复杂的交通系统”可知B项正确。3. 单选题Although he thought he was helping us to prepare the dinner, he was act

20、ually（ ）the way.问题1选项A.inB.offC.byD.on【答案】A【解析】句意:虽然他以为他是在帮我们准备晚餐，但实际上他是在帮倒忙。考查短语辨析。In the way 妨碍，挡道；off the way 远离正道;by the way 顺便说一下；on the way 在途中。根据前半句句意 “虽然他以为他是在帮我们准备晚餐”可知A符合句意，这里可以理解为 “帮倒忙”。4. 单选题There was once an（ ）idea that the earth was flat and motionless.问题1选项A.absurdB.intrinsicC.eternal

21、D.offensive【答案】A【解析】句意:曾经有一个荒谬的想法：认为地球是平的，静止的。考查形容词辨析。absurd 荒谬的;可笑的；intrinsic 本质的;固有的; eternal 永恒的;不朽的;offensive 攻击的;冒犯的;无礼的;讨厌的。That从句解释说明了idea(想法): 认为地球是平的，静止的。因此A项符合句意。5. 单选题Students or teachers can participate in excursions to lovely beaches around the island at regular （ ）.问题1选项A.gapsB.rateC.l

22、engthD.intervals【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。根据题意本题表述的是每隔一段时间可以去周边旅游，因此选项A、B、C均与题意不符，而选项D是固定搭配at regular intervals “每隔一段时间”因此选项D项正确。句意：学生和老师可以每隔一段时间参加岛屿周围美丽的海滩活动。6. 单选题Most Americans believe that our society of consumption-happy, fun-loving, jet-traveling people creates the greatest happiness for the greatest nu

23、mber. Contrary to this view, I believe that our present way of life leads to increasing anxiety, helpless and, eventually, to the disintegration of our culture. I refuse to identify fun with pleasure, excitement with joy, business with happiness, or the faceless, buck-passing organization man with a

24、n independent individual.From this critical view our rates of alcoholism, suicide and divorce, as well as juvenile delinquency, gang rule, acts of violence and indifference to life, are characteristic symptoms of our “pathology of normalcy”. It may be argued that all these pathological phenomena exi

25、st because we have not yet reached our aim, that of an affluent society. It is true, we are still far from being an affluent society. But the material progress made in the last decades allows us to hope that our system might eventually produce a materially affluent society. Yet will we be happier th

26、en? The example of Sweden, one of the most prosperous, democratic and peaceful European countries, is not very encouraging: Sweden, as is often pointed out, in spite of all its material security has the highest alcoholism and suicide rates in Europe, while a much poorer country like Ireland ranks am

27、ong the lowest in these respects. Could it be that our dream that material welfare per se leads to happiness is just a pipe dream?Certainly the humanist thinkers of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, who are our ideological ancestors, thought that the goal of life was the full folding of a per

28、sons potentialities; what mattered to them was the person who is much, not the one who has much or uses much. For them economic production was a means to the unfolding of man, not an end. it seems that today the means have become ends, that not only “God is dead”，as Nietzsche said in the nineteenth

29、century, but also man is dead, that what is alive are the organizations, the machines; and that man has become their slave rather than being their master.Each society creates its own type of personality by its way of bringing up children in the family, by its system of education, by its effective va

30、lues (that is, those values that are rewarded rather than only preached.) Every society creates the types of “social character” which is needed for its proper functioning. It forms men who want to do what they have to do. What kind of men does our large scale, bureaucratized industrialism need?It ne

31、eds men who cooperate smoothly in large groups, who want to consume more and more and whose tastes are standardized and can be easily influenced and anticipated. It needs men who feel free and independent, yet who are willing to be commanded, to do what is expected, to fit into the social machine wi

32、thout friction; men who can be guided without force, led without leaders, prompted without an aim except the aim to be on the move, to function, to go ahead.1.The author uses the example of Sweden in the second paragraph to show that（ ）.2.Compared with thinkers of the 18th and 19th centuries, people

33、 today（ ）.3.It can be inferred from the third paragraph that（ ）.4.According to the author, which type of individual might be most welcome in todays society?5.The author writes this article to（ ）.问题1选项A.an affluence society will be free from those pathological phenomenaB.Sweden is a better society th

34、an any other in EuropeC.a prosperous county will have higher alcoholism and suicide rates than a poor countryD.happiness has nothing to do with material welfare问题2选项A.are more concerned about how to bring into full play peoples potentialsB.careless about the material things of life than about the sp

35、iritual thingsC.regard material things the most important in lifeD.have absolute control of the world问题3选项A.the author strongly opposes economic productionB.the author is in favor of the ideology of the thinkers of the 18th and 19th centuriesC.the author is a follower of NietzscheD.the author thinks

36、 that priorities should be given to economic production问题4选项A.People who are rebelliousB.People who have the organizing ability.C.People who are conformists.D.People who can operate machines properly.问题5选项A.describeB.informC.narrateD.comment【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:B第4题:C第5题:D【解析】第1题:细节事实题。文章第二段提出了问题:物质进步和

37、人们的幸福之间是否有联系？随后通过列举Sweden的例子进行了回答:The example of Sweden.is not very encouraging (发生在瑞典的例子却并不是那么振奋人心)。由此可知瑞典的例子说明了物质的富裕与人们的幸福之间没有直接联系。因此D项“幸福与物质福利没有多大关系”正确。第2题:细节事实题。A:更关注如何充分发挥人的潜能。B:不重视物质生活而更重视精神生活。C:视物质财富为生命中最重要的事。D:已经绝对掌控世界。第三段指出: For them economic production was a means to the unfolding of man n

38、ot an end. It seems that today the means have become ends (对于他们来说，经济成果是展现个人潜能的方式，而不是个人潜能的终结。但是如今，这种展现个人潜能的方式似乎已经不存在了)。以及: .man is dead, that what is alive are the organizations, the machines; and that man has become their slave rather than being their master (人死了，活着的是组织和机器；人成了它们的奴隶，而不是主人)。由此可知，A项和D项

39、错误。B项不符合原文所述。因此C项正确。第3题:判断推理题。第三段开头先是介绍了18、19世纪人文思想家的观点:the goal of life was the full folding of a persons potentialities; what mattered to them was the person who is much, not the one who has much or uses much (人生的目标是充分展示个人潜在的能力；对他们来说重要的是人本身的价值，而并非占有和使用才是人的价值)。而后指出: For them economic production was

40、 a means to the unfolding of man, not an end (对于他 们来说，经济成果是展现个人潜能的方式，而不是个人潜能的终结)。此后是转折部分: It seems that today the means have become ends, that not only “God is dead”，as Nietzsche said in the nineteenth century, but also man is dead, that what is alive are the organizations, the machines; and that ma

41、n has become their slave rather than being their master (但是如今，这种展现个人潜能的方式似乎已经不存在了。现如今，不仅是上帝已死（尼采在19世纪所说），而且人也已经死了，活着也就是组织机构和机器。并且人已经变成了这些机构和机器的奴隶而不是主人)。由此推测，作者支持18、19世纪人文思想家的观点，但是作者并未表现出对经济成果的偏倚态度。故选B。第4题:细节事实题。作者在第四段结尾提出问题: What kind of men does our large scale, bureaucratized industrialism need? (

42、我们这个大规模的、官僚主义的工业化社会需要的是什么样的人群呢?)。而在最后一段对这种人群进行了说明:whose tastes are standardized (品位标准化)。以及:.yet who are willing to be commanded, to do what is expected (乐意被指挥，乐意按照他人意愿做事)。由此可知现代社会需要的人是一些墨守成规的人，故选C。第5题:判断推理题。文章开头提出:大多数人认为物质发展给社会带来了诸多幸福，但是作者持相反态度。接下来便是论证观点:物质财富并不能带来欢乐，本文是评论性质的文章，故选D项。7. 单选题They （ ） so

43、 tired if they （ ）for a whole day.问题1选项A.wouldnt feel, didnt walkB.wouldnt feel, werent walking.C.wouldnt be feeling, werent walkingD.wouldnt be feeling, hadnt been walking【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。结合选项与题干可知本题考查混合虚拟语气，if引导的 条件句中表示的是与过去事实相反的情况，应该用had+过去分词，因此可以排除选项A、B、C，又因为主句部分表示的是现在事实相反的情况，所以需要用would+动原，由此可知，此

44、题选项D为正确答案。句意：如果他们不是一整天都在走路，那么他们将不会感到如此疲惫。8. 翻译题Directions: Translate the following sentences into Chinese and write your answers on the Answer Sheet.1. What remains pertinent is the reports vision of the role of government in research, including his assertion that the federal government had both the

45、 authority and the obligation to support basic research.2. The criticism and budget cuts directed at universities have created unease and a corresponding search for solutions.3. We wouldnt have networks capable of handling massive amounts of data if physicists and astronomers hadnt continuously forg

46、ed tools to look more deeply into the universe.4. Rather than evaluating programs in terms of how happy they make people, how satisfied those people become, programs must be evaluated in terms of the quality of the discontent they engender.5. When a man is wrong, he is wrong, and there is no need fo

47、r one to be impressed and overawed by a great name or by the number of books that he has read and we havent.【答案】1.该报告对政府在研究中所扮演的角色的看法仍然中肯，他认为联邦政府有权利，也有义务支持基础研究。2.针对大学的批评以及削减其财政预算，既造成了不安定因素，又激发了解决相应问题的探索精神。3.如果物理学家和天文学家不曾连续发明工具，以便更深入地探讨宇宙的话，我们就不会有能够处理大量信息的网络系统。4.对于各项计划的评估，不要看其令人们高兴的程度，让人们满意的程度，而要看其引起

48、的不满情绪属于什么性质。5.当一个人犯错误时，他就是错了，不必因震于他的大名，或震于他的高深学问，而对他有所畏惧。9. 单选题（ ）should any money be given to a small child.问题1选项A.On no accountB.From all accountC.Of no accountD.By all account【答案】A【解析】句意:绝不能给小孩钱。语法题。考查倒装。on no account 绝不；from all account 综上所述;of no account 不重要的，无价值的（形容词）;by all account 据说。题干中用到了部

49、分倒装，因此A项符合句意跟语法搭配。10. 单选题If a person talks about his weakness, the listener is expected to say something in the way of （ ）.问题1选项A.assuranceB.encouragementC.persuasionD.confirmation【答案】B【解析】句意:如果一个人谈论自己的弱点，那么他就会期望听者说些鼓励的话。考查名词辨析。assurance 保证;担保;encouragement 鼓励；persuasion 劝服；confirmation 确认;证实。因此B符合句

50、意。11. 单选题Standing on the rim of the Grand Canyon, gazing across this giant wound in the Earths surface, a visitor might assume that the canyon had been caused by some ancient convulsion. In fact the events that produced the canyon, far from being sudden and cataclysmic, simply add up to the slow and

51、 orderly process of erosion.Many millions of years ago the Colorado Plateau in the Grand Canyon area contained 10,000 more feet of rock than it does today and was relatively level. The additional material consisted of some 14-layered formations of rock. In the Grand Canyon region these layers were l

52、argely worn away over the course of millions of years.Approximately 65 million years ago the plateaus flat surface in the Grand Canyon area bulged upward from internal pressure; geologists refer to this bulging action as upwarping; it was followed by a general elevation of the whole Colorado Plateau

53、, a process that is still going on. As the plateau gradually rose, shallow rivers that meandered across it began to run more swiftly and cut more definite courses. One of these rivers, located east of the upwarp, was the ancestor of the Colorado. Another river system called the Hualapai, flowing wes

54、t of the upwarp, extended itself eastward by cutting back into the upwarp; it eventually connected with the ancient Colorado and captured its waters. The new river then began to carve out the 277-miIe-long trench that eventually became the Grand Canyon. Geologists estimate that this initial cutting

55、action began no earlier than 10 million years ago.Since then, the canyon forming has been cumulative. To the corrosive force of the river itself have been added other factors. Heat and cold, rain and snow, along with the varying resistance of the rocks, increase the opportunities for erosion. The ca

56、nyon walls crumble; the river acquires a cutting tool, tons of debris, rainfall running off the high plateau creates feeder streams that carve side canyons. Pushing slowly backward into the plateau, the side canyons expose new rocks, and the pattern of erosion continues.1.What does the passage mainl

57、y discuss?2.In the first sentence, the author refers to the Grand Canyon as a “wound” to indicate that（ ）.3.According to the passage, the first phenomenon to contribute to the formation of the Grand Canyon was（ ）.4. What was the geographic position of the upwarp approximately 65 million years ago?5.

58、Which of the following conclusions about the Grand Canyon can be drawn from the passage?问题1选项A.Patterns of erosion in different mountain ranges.B.Forces that made the Grand Canyon.C.The increasing pollution of the Colorado River.D.The sudden appearance of the Grand Canyon.问题2选项A.it was caused by som

59、e ancient convulsionB.its presence is an embarrassment to the state of ColoradoC.it looks like an injury on the Earths surfaceD.it has caused many visitors to injure themselves.问题3选项A.a series of volcanic eruptionsB.the collapse of rock formations in the Colorado PlateauC.a succession of floods from

60、 the Hualapai River and what is now the Colorado RiverD.the Earths internal pressure lifting the Colorado Plateau region问题4选项A.To the east of what is now the Colorado River B.To the west of the Hualapai RiverC.At the source of the Hualapai River and what is now the Colorado RiverD.Between the Hualap

61、ai River and what is now the Colorado River问题5选项A.Its contours are constantly changingB.The cutting actions carve new streams along its sidesC.Its eruptions have increased in recent yearsD.It is being eroded by toxic waste and pollutants【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D第4题:D第5题:A【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。首段提出大峡谷的形成是一个缓慢而有序的侵

62、蚀过程，中间两段则是对大峡谷的形成原因和过程进行了详细分析，最后一段指出大峡谷的形成原因还包括其他一些外力因素。因此B项“导致大峡谷产生的各种力量”符合文章主旨。第2题:判断推理题。对于“wound”的理解可参考: this giant wound in the Earths surface (地球表面上的这道巨大的伤痕)。因此这里使用了比喻的修辞手法。C项“它（即大峡谷）看起来像地球表面上的一个伤口”正确。第3题:细节事实题。第三段指出: Approximately 65 million years ago the plateaus flat surface in the Grand Can

63、yon area bulged upward from internal pressure (大约6500万年前，大峡谷地区的高原平面由于内部压力而向上隆起)。因此D项 “地球的内部压力抬起了科罗拉多高原地区”正确。第4题:细节事实题。One of these rivers, located east of the upwarp, was the ancestor of the Colorado. Another river system called the Hualapai. flowing west of the upwarp (位于该上翘东边的这些河中的一条是科罗拉多河的前身。另一条被称为华拉派河的河流在该上翘的西边)。由此可知，大约6500万年前，上翘的地理位置在华拉派河和如今的科罗拉多河之间。第5题:判断推理题。最后一段指出:Since then, the canyon forming has been cumulative (从那以后，大峡谷的形成一直是累积的)，因此，A项 “它的轮廓是不断变化的”正确。1