2022年考博英语-福建师范大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第35期

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1、2022年考博英语-福建师范大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题I can appreciate the （ ）that prompts you to make this offer.问题1选项A.magnetB.intellectC.motionD.motive【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。magnet意为“磁铁，磁石”；intellect意为“智力，理解力”；motion意为“运动”；motive意为“动机，原因”。句意：我能理解促使你做出这个提议的动机。2. 单选题Since the two parties couldnt（ ）their differences, the

2、y decided to stop their negotiations.问题1选项A.rectifyB.reconcileC.obligeD.obscure【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。rectify意为“改正，校正”；reconcile意为“使和好，使和解，妥协”；oblige意为“强制，强迫”；obscure意为“费解的，难以理解的”。句意：因为两党不能就分歧达成一致，他们决定停止谈判。3. 问答题Every paper and magazine were (A) lying wait (B) with (C) exhaustive stories about the royal sp

3、lit (D) between the prince and princess of Wales.【答案】试题答案：B; in wait【解析】考查谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词were，因此用in wait（伺机）。4. 单选题When Dick began to tell about his summer vacation, the teacher（ ）him（ ）, saying Tell us that another time.问题1选项A.cut.downB.shut.outC.cut.shortD.shut.off【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。cut down意为“减少，砍倒”；s

4、hut out意为“把关在门外，阻断（念头、情感等）”；cut short意为“缩短，打断”；shut off意为“关闭，停止”。句意：当Dick开始讲述他的暑假时，教师打断了他，说“下次告诉我们”。5. 单选题As a wise man once said, we are all ultimately alone. But an increasing number of Europeans are choosing to be so at an even earlier age. This isnt the stuff of gloomy philosophical contemplatio

5、ns, but a fact of Europes new economic landscape, embraced by sociologists, real-estate developers and ad executives alike. The shift away from family life to solo lifestyle, observes a French sociologist, is part of the “irresistible momentum of individualism” over the last century. The communicati

6、ons revolution the shift from a business culture of stability to one of mobility and the mass entry of women into the workforce have greatly wreaked havoc on（扰乱）Europeans private lives.Europes new economic climate has largely fostered the trend toward independence. The current generation of home-alo

7、ners came of age during Europes shift from social democracy to the sharper, more individualistic climate of American-style capitalism. Raised in an era of privatization and increased consumer choice, todays tech-savvy （精通技术的）workers have embraced a free market in love as well as economics. Modern Eu

8、ropeans are rich enough to afford to live alone, and temperamentally independent enough to want to do so.Once upon a time, people who lived alone tended to be those on either side of marriage twenty something professionals or widowed senior citizens. While pensioners, particularly elderly women, mak

9、e up a large proportion of those living alone, the newest crop of singles are high earners in their 30s and 40s who increasingly view living alone as a lifestyle choice. Living alone was conceived to be negative dark and cold, while being together suggested warmth and light. But then came along the

10、idea of singles. They were young, beautiful and strong! Now, young people want to live alone.The booming economy means people are working harder than ever. And that doesnt leave much room for relationships. Pimpi Arroyo, a 35-year-old composer who lives alone in a house in Paris, says he hasnt got t

11、ime to get lonely because he has too much work. “I have deadlines which would make life with someone else fairly difficult.” Only an ideal woman would make him change his lifestyle, he says. Kaufrnann, author of a recent book called “The Single Woman and Prince Charming,” thinks this fierce new indi

12、vidualism means that people expect more and more of mates, so relationships dont last long if they start at all. Eppendorf a blond Berliner with a deep tan, teaches grade school in the mornings. In the afternoon she sunbathes or sleeps, resting up for going dancing. Just shy of 50, she says shed nev

13、er have wanted to do what her mother did give up a career to raise a family. Instead, “Ive always done what I wanted to do: live a self-determined life.”1.More and more young Europeans remain single because （ ）.2.What is said about European society in the passage?3.According to Paragraph 3, the newe

14、st group of singles are（ ）.4.The author quotes Eppendorf to show that（ ）.5.What is the authors purpose in writing the passage?问题1选项A.they are driven by an overwhelming sense of individualismB.they have entered the workforce at a much earlier ageC.they have embraced a business culture of stabilityD.t

15、hey are pessimistic about their economic future问题2选项A.It has fostered the trend towards small families.B.It is getting closer to American style capitalism.C.It has limited consumer choice despite a free market.D.It is being threatened by irresistible privatization.问题3选项A.warm and light heatedB.on ei

16、ther side of marriageC.negative and gloomyD.healthy and wealthy问题4选项A.some modern women prefer a life of individual freedomB.the family is no longer the basic unit of society in present-day EuropeC.some professional people have too much work to do to feel lonelyD.most Europeans conceive living a sin

17、gle life as unacceptable问题5选项A.To review the impact of women becoming high earners.B.To contemplate the philosophy underlying individualism.C.To examine the trend of young people living alone.D.To stress the rebuilding of personal relationships.【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:D第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的The sh

18、ift away from family life to solo lifestyle, observes a French sociologist, is part of the irresistible momentum of individualism over the last century.（一位法国社会学家认为，从家庭生活到独处生活方式的转变，是上个世纪“不可抗拒的个人主义势头”的一部分）可知A选项“他们受到强烈的个人主义的驱使”符合题意。2.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的The current generation of home-aloners came of age duri

19、ng Europes shift from social democracy to the sharper, more individualistic climate of American-style capitalism.（在欧洲从社会民主向更尖锐、更个人主义的美国式资本主义转变的过程中，当代的独居者逐渐成熟）可知B选项“欧洲社会越来越接近美国式的资本主义”符合题意。3.细节事实题。由文章第三段中的the newest crop of singles are high earners in their 30s and 40s who increasingly view living alo

20、ne as a lifestyle choice.They were young, beautiful and strong!（最新一批单身人士是三四十岁的高收入者，他们越来越认为独居是一种生活方式的选择他们年轻，漂亮，强壮！）可知D选项“健康和富有”符合题意。4.细节事实题。由文章最后一段中Ive always done what I wanted to do: live a self-determined life.（我总是做我想做的事：过一种自主的生活）可知A选项“一些现代女性更喜欢个人自由的生活”符合题意。5.主旨大意题。文章第一段讲述了越来越多的欧洲人选择在年轻时保持单身；第二段讲述

21、了欧洲经济的发展促进了独立趋势，使人们具有独立生活的能力；第三段讲述了越来越多的高收入者选择独居生活；第四段举例人们选择单身的原因与个人事业发展有关。本文一直都是围绕单身这个主题来展开阐述，已经成为一种趋势，因此C选项“研究年轻人独居的趋势”符合题意。6. 问答题In these days, with the rising cost of life (A), it is (B) dangerous for (C) a married man to risk his place in his profession or in his community (D).【答案】试题答案：A; cost

22、of living【解析】考查名词辨析。life意为“生活，生命”，强调生活的状态；living意为“生活，生计，谋生”，强调生计，cost of living意为“生活成本”。7. 问答题Human beings are social (A) animals who usually prefer not living (B) in (C) physical or psychological isolation (D).【答案】试题答案：B; to live【解析】考查固定搭配。prefer to do sth.意为“更喜欢做某事”。8. 单选题They fear it could have

23、a (an) （ ）effect on global financial markets.问题1选项A.sizeableB.adverseC.beneficialD.consequential【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。sizeable意为“相当大的”；adverse意为“不利的，有害的”；beneficial意为“有利的，有益的”；consequential意为“随之而来的，重要的”。根据主句中的fear（害怕）可知此处应为具有负面含义的词，选B。句意：他们害怕它会对全球金融市场产生不利的影响。9. 单选题How we look and how we appear to others

24、probably worries us more when we are in our teens or early twenties than at any other time in our life. Few of us are content to accept ourselves as we are, and few are brave enough to ignore the trends of fashion.Most fashion magazines or TV advertisements try to persuade us that we should dress in

25、 a certain way or behave in a certain manner. If we do, they tell us, we will be able to meet new people with confidence and deal with every situation confidently and without embarrassment. Changing fashion, of course, does not apply just to dress. A barber today does not cut a boys hair in the same

26、 way as he used to, and girls do not make up in the same way as their mothers and grandmothers did. The advertiser show us the latest fashionable styles and we are constantly under pressure to follow the fashion in case our friends think we are odd or dull.What causes fashions to change? Sometimes c

27、onvenience or practical necessity or just the fancy of an influential person can establish a fashion. Take hats, for example. In cold climates, early buildings were cold inside, so people wore hats indoors as well as outside. In recent times, the late President Kennedy caused a depression in the Ame

28、rican hat industry by not wearing hats: more American men followed his example.There is also a cyclical pattern in fashion. In the 1920s in Europe and America, short skirts became fashionable. After World War Two, they dropped to ankle length. Then they got shorter and shorter the miniskirt was in f

29、ashion. After a few more years, skirts became longer again.Today, society is much freer and easier than it used to be. It is no longer necessary to dress like everyone else. Within reason, you can dress as you like or do your hair the way you like instead of the way you should because it is the fash

30、ion. The popularity of jeans and the untidy look seems to be a reaction against the increasingly expensive fashion of the top fashion houses.At the same time, appearance is still important in certain circumstances and then we must choose our clothes carefully. It would be foolish to go to an intervi

31、ew for a job in a law firm wearing jeans and a sweater, and it would be discourteous to visit some distinguished scholar looking as if we were going to the beach or a night club. However, you need never feel depressed if you dont look like the latest fashion photo. Look around you and youll see that

32、 no one else does either!1.The author thinks that people are （ ）.2.Fashion magazines and TV advertisements seem to link fashion to（ ）.3.Causes of fashion are（ ）.4.Present-day society is much freer and easier because it emphasizes（ ）.5.Which is the main idea of the last paragraph?问题1选项A.satisfied wit

33、h their appearance.B.concerned about appearance in old ageC.far from neglecting what is in fashionD.reluctant to follow the trends in fashion问题2选项A.confidence in lifeB.personal dressC.individual hair styleD.personal future问题3选项A.uniformB.variedC.unknownD.inexplicable问题4选项A.uniformB.formalityC.inform

34、alityD.individuality问题5选项A.Care about appearance in formal situations.B.Fashion in formal and informal situations.C.Ignoring appearance in informal situations.D.Ignoring appearance in all situations.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Few of us are content to accept ourselves as we are,

35、 and few are brave enough to ignore the trends of fashion.（我们中很少有人满足于接受自己的现状，也很少有人敢忽视时尚潮流）可知C选项“很难忽视时尚”符合题意。2.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的we will be able to meet new people with confidence and deal with every situation confidently and without embarrassment（我们将能够充满信心地认识新的人，并且能够自信地、毫不尴尬地处理每一件事）可知时尚杂志和电视广告将时尚与人的自信联系

36、在一起，因此选A。3.细节事实题。由文章第三段中的Sometimes convenience or practical necessity or just the fancy of an influential person can establish a fashion.（有时是方便或实际需要，或仅仅是一个有影响力的人的幻想就能建立起一种时尚）可知导致时尚变化的原因是多变的，没有特定的原因，因此D选项“无法解释的”最为恰当。4.推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段中的It is no longer necessary to dress like everyone else. Within reaso

37、n, you can dress as you like or do your hair the way you like instead of the way you should because it is the fashion.（不再需要像其他人那样穿衣服了。在合理的范围内，你可以穿自己喜欢的衣服，也可以用你喜欢的方式做头发，而不是你应该做的样子，因为这是时尚）可知当今社会更尊重个人选择，强调个性化，因此选D。5.主旨大意题。由文章最后一段中的第一句At the same time, appearance is still important in certain circumstan

38、ces and then we must choose our clothes carefully.（同时，外表在某些情况下仍然很重要，所以我们必须谨慎地选择我们的衣服）可知A选项“在正式场合下需要注意外貌形象”符合题意。10. 单选题Dont be hard on Lilly. She is（ ）and she may start to cry.问题1选项A.sophisticatedB.sympatheticC.sensitiveD.sensible【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。sophisticated意为“老练的，见过世面的”；sympathetic意为“同情的，有同情心的”；se

39、nsitive意为“敏感的，易受影响的”；sensible意为“理智的，明智的”。句意：别对莉莉太苛刻。她很敏感，她可能会哭了。11. 单选题She has the （ ）of entering graduate school or starting her professional career.问题1选项A.optimumB.optionC.orientationD.preference【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。optimum意为“最佳效果，最适宜条件”；option意为“选择权，选择（的自由）”；orientation意为“方向，定位”；preference意为“偏爱，喜爱”。句意

40、：她可以选择进入研究生院或开始她的职业生涯。12. 单选题Similar elements in the prehistoric remains from both areas suggest that Indians and their neighbors had maintained distant but real connections（ ）before 1,500 BC.问题1选项A.everB.evenC.neverD.still【答案】B【解析】考查副词辨析。ever意为“永远，曾经”；even意为“甚至”；never意为“从不，从来没有”；still意为“仍然，依旧”。句意：这

41、两个地区史前遗迹中的相似元素表明，印地安人和他们的邻居甚至早在公元前1500年之前就一直保持着遥远而真实的联系。13. 单选题It is hardly necessary for me to cite all the evidence of the depressing state of literacy. These figures from the Department of Education are sufficient: 27 million Americans cannot read at all, and a further 35 million read at a level

42、that is less than sufficient to survive in our society.But my own worry today is less that of the overwhelming problem of elemental literacy than it is of the slightly more luxurious problem of the decline in the skill even of the middle-class reader, of his unwillingness to afford those spaces of s

43、ilence, those luxuries of domesticity and time and concentration, that surround the image of the classic act of reading. It has been suggested that almost 80 percent of Americas literate, educated teenagers can no longer read without an accompanying noise (music) in the background or a television sc

44、reen flickering at the corner of their field of perception. We know very little about the brain and how it deals with simultaneous conflicting input, but every common-sense intuition suggests we should be profoundly alarmed. This violation of concentration, silence, solitude goes to the very heart o

45、f our notion of literacy; this new form of part-reading, of part-perception against background distraction, renders impossible certain essential acts of apprehension and concentration, let alone that most important tribute any human being can pay to a poem or a piece of prose he or she really loves,

46、 which is to learn it by heart. Not by brain, by heart; the expression is vital.Under these circumstances, the question of what future there is for the arts of reading is a real one. Ahead of us lie technical, psychic, and social transformations probably much more dramatic than those brought about b

47、y Gutenberg, the German inventor in printing. The Gutenberg revolution, as we now know it, took a long time, its effects are still being debated. The information revolution will touch every facet of composition publication, distribution, and reading. No one in the book industry can say with any conf

48、idence what will happen to the book as weve known it.1.The picture of the reading ability of the American people drawn by the author is （ ）.2.The authors biggest concern is（ ）.3.A major problem with most adolescents who can read is（ ）.4.The author claims that the best way a reader can show admiratio

49、n for a piece of prose or poem is（ ）.问题1选项A.fairly rightB.rather bleakC.very impressiveD.quite encouraging问题2选项A.elementary school childrens disinterest in reading classicsB.the surprisingly low rate of literacy in the U.SC.the musical setting American readers require for readingD.the reading abilit

50、y and reading behavior of the middle class问题3选项A.their fondness of music and TV programsB.their ignorance of various forms of art and literatureC.their lack of attentiveness and basic understandingD.their inability to focus on conflicting input问题4选项A.to be able to appreciate it and memorize itB.to a

51、nalyze its essential featuresC.to think it over conscientiouslyD.to make a fair appraisal of its artistic value【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C第4题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的It is hardly necessary for me to cite all the evidence of the depressing state of literacy.（我几乎没有必要引证所有令人沮丧的人们的识字状况）可知B选项“相当凄凉”符合题意。2.细节事实题。由文章第二

52、段中的But my own worry today is less that of the overwhelming problem of elemental literacy than it is of the slightly more luxurious problem of the decline in the skill even of the middle-class reader, of his unwillingness to afford those spaces of silence, those luxuries of domesticity and time and c

53、oncentration, that surround the image of the classic act of reading.（但我今天担心的与其说是基本识字这个压倒性的问题，不如说是一个更为奢侈的问题，即美国中产阶层读者阅读技能的衰退，他们不愿意在安静的地方，牺牲难得在家的时间，集中注意力用以读书，而这些与经典阅读行为息息相关）可知D选项“中产阶级的阅读能力与阅读行为”符合题意。3.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的It has been suggested that almost 80 percent of Americas literate, educated teenagers c

54、an no longer read without an accompanying noise (music) in the background or a television screen flickering at the corner of their field of perception.（有人认为，近80%的受过良好教育的青少年，在没有背景音乐和闪烁的电视屏幕的陪伴下就无法阅读）和this new form of part-reading, of part-perception against background distraction, renders impossible

55、certain essential acts of apprehension and concentration（而在这种边阅读边在背景的干扰下进行理解的新方法使人们不可能对所阅读的东西全神贯注地加以理解）可知C选项“他们缺乏注意力和基本理解力”符合题意。4.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的let alone that most important tribute any human being can pay to a poem or a piece of prose he or she really loves, which is to learn it by heart.（更不用说人们对他们

56、真正喜欢的诗歌或散文给予的最高评价了，那就是把它记在心里）可知A选项“能够欣赏它并记住它”符合题意。14. 单选题He seems to be （ ）enough to climb to the mountain top in an hour.问题1选项A.radiantB.conscientiousC.conspicuousD.energetic【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。radiant意为“光芒四射的，辐射的”；conscientious意为“认真负责的”；conspicuous意为“明显的”；energetic意为“精力充沛的，充满活力的”。句意：他似乎精力充沛，能够在一小时内爬上

57、山顶。15. 单选题Leonardo just discovered that his passport had （ ）three months ago.问题1选项A.constrainedB.abolishedC.amendedD.expired【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。constrain意为“强迫”；abolish意为“废除，废止”；amend意为“改良，修改”；expire意为“(因到期而) 失效，到期”。句意：Leonardo刚刚发现他的护照已经过期三个月了。16. 单选题He watched amazed at eight squirrels that walked（ ）dow

58、n the bank, and made for a large pine tree at the bottom.问题1选项A.in profileB.in a rowC.in single fileD.all along the line【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。in profile意为“从侧面看”；in a row意为“一连，成一行，接连”；in single file意为“成纵队，成单列”；all along the line意为“到处，在全线上”。句意：他目不转睛地看着八只松鼠沿着河边成单列向河端的一棵大松树走去。17. 单选题About 50 years ago the ide

59、a of disabled people doing sports was never heard of. But when the annual games for the disabled were started at Stroke Mandeville, England in 1948 by Sir Ludwig Guttmann, the situation began to change. Sir Ludwig Guttmann, who had been driven to England in 1939 from Nazi Germany, had been asked by

60、the British government to set up an injuries center at Stroke Mandeville Hospital near London. His ideas about treating injuries included sports for the disabled.In the first games just two teams of injured soldiers took part. The next year, 1949, five teams took part. From those beginnings things d

61、eveloped fast. Teams now come from abroad to Stroke Mandeville every year. In 1960 the first Olympics for the Disabled were held in Rome. Now, every four years, the Olympic Games for the Disabled are held, if possible, in the same place as the normal Olympic Games, although they are organized separa

62、tely. In other years Games for the Disabled are still held at Stroke Mandeville. In the 1984 wheelchair Olympic Games, 1604 wheelchair athletes from about 40 countries took part. Unfortunately, they were held at Stroke Mandeville and not in Los Angles, along with the other Olympics.The Games have been a great success in promoting international friendship and understanding, and in proving that being disabled does not mean you cant enjoy sports. One small source of disappointment for those who organize and take part in the games, h