2022年考博英语-华东师范大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第90期

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1、2022年考博英语-华东师范大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题You can arrive in Beijing earlier for the meeting（）you dont mind taking the night train.问题1选项A.providedB.unlessC.thoughD.until【答案】A【解析】考査连词。provided假如,倘若；unless除非,如果不；though虽然,尽管；until直到。句意：如果你不介意做晚上的火车的话，你可以提前抵达北京开会。选项A符合句意。2. 单选题I apologize if I（）you, but I a

2、ssure you it was unintentional.问题1选项A.offendC. had offendedB.C. had offendedB.C.had offendedB.should have offendedD.might have offended【答案】C【解析】考查虚拟语气。虚拟条件句的是对过去的事情的虚拟，所以从句中时态应为过去完成时。选项C正确。3. 单选题Life insurance is financial protection for dependents against loss（）the bread-winnersdeath.问题1选项A.at the

3、cost ofB.on the verge ofC.as a result ofD.for the sake of【答案】C【解析】at the cost of以.为代价；on the verge of濒临于,接近于；as a result of因此,由于；for the sake of为了。句意：人寿保险为被保者的家属提供经济保障,以防止因养家糊口的人去世而造成的损失。选项C符合句意。4. 单选题We hadnt enough money to pay our bus fare, and in（）we had to walk.问题1选项A.particularB.consequenceC.p

4、ossessionD.succession【答案】B【解析】名词辨析题。particular特别的，特色；consequence结果，因此；possession拥有，所有；succession接连，避承权。句意：我们没有足够的钱卖车票，所以只能步行。选项B符合句意。5. 单选题Economics involves the study of topics like wealth and poverty, money and banks, incomes, taxes, prosperity and depression, big business and labor unions, and hu

5、ndreds of other matters that intimately affect the way we live. Economic forces surround our daily lives, influencing how easy or how hard it is to get a job, how much we can earn in our chosen occupations, and how much our paychecks will buy after we receive them.Economic factors are major concerns

6、 in governments decisions about how much to spend and for what purposes, and how much to raise in taxes and who should be taxed as well as in their evaluations of the consequences of war, peace, and disarmament. Urban slums, job discrimination, unequal educational opportunities, and civil rights hav

7、e important consequences for all of us for both those who are discriminated against and those who are not. At a still more global level economic factors are involved in birth, health, death, population growth, and the dynamics of history.In fact, probably without exception, each topic in economics n

8、ot only touches somewhere on your own personal life but is also important to some current economic problems of government on social policy and is, at the same time, involved in the long-range concerns of human history.The common thread that runs through all of these topics, binding them together int

9、o a coherent body of study, is that one way or another each deals with the way society produces and uses goods and services. Practically nothing that we eat, wear, or use comes to us directly from nature. A loaf of bread is the end result of long series of operations that begins with planting and ha

10、rvesting grain and proceeds through milling, baking, and shipping to the point at which the housewife can pick the loaf off the grocers shelf. The driver filling his tank at a services station is taking the final step in a long chain of activities: drilling oil wells, moving petroleum in ships and p

11、ipelines, chemical treatment, refining and storage. The same is generally true of all goods.The process of bridging the gap between the original resources of nature and needs of the final consumer is production. Production includes any activity that makes goods and services available to people. It i

12、s not restricted to work on tangible physical commodities, but encompasses services as well. Doctors, lawyers, teachers, and barbers are productive, as are actors, musicians, entertainers, and others who perform services for our benefits.1.Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage?2.We

13、may infer from the context that the word “encompass” (Line 4, Paragraph 5) means（）3.According to the passage, economics is the study of （）4.Which of the following statements is TRUE?5.Which of the following can be learned from the passage?问题1选项A.Economic factors influence our daily life.B.Economic f

14、actors are major concerns in governments decisions about some policies.C.What we study in economics is how governments influence the use of land, labor, capital, etc.D.The services of wholesalers, retailers and bankers are an important part of the productive process.问题2选项A.surroundB.encloseC.encircl

15、eD.include问题3选项A.production and consumptionB.governments policyC.activities that make goods available to peopleD.consequences of war and peace.问题4选项A.The services of doctors, lawyers and teachers are unproductive.B.Economic factors are involved in the development of history.C.All that we eat, wear,

16、or use comes to us directly from nature.D.Job discrimination and unequal educational opportunities have important consequences only for those who are discriminated against.问题5选项A.Urban slums, job discrimination, unequal educational opportunities, and civil rights are excluded from economic factors.B

17、.Each topic in economics deals with the way society produces and uses goods and services.C.Government policies determine the link between the resources of nature and needs of the consumer.D.A housewife cannot pick a loaf of bread off the grocers shelf unless there is a good harvest.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题

18、:A第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。第一段的一二句“.affect the way we live.”对应选项A；第二段的第一句“Economic factors are major concerns in governments decisions.”对应选项B；最后一段的第三句“It is not restricted to work on tangible physical commodities, but encompasses services as well.”对应选项D。只有选项C在文中没有提及。2.词义题。根据原文：它不限制于有形的物质设施, 但是也 服务。选项D包

19、括, 与原文encompass意思最相近。3.细节事实题。根据第四段的第一句“., is that one way or another each deals with the way society produces and uses goods and services.”每个主题都以这样或那样的方式处理社会生产和使用商品和服务的方式。所以选项A符合原文。4.细节事实题。根据最后一段的最后一句“Doctors, lawyers, teachers, and barbers are productive.”可知选项A错误；根据第三段的最后一句“at the same time, involv

20、ed in the long-range concerns of human history.”可知选项B正确；根据第四段的第二句“Practically nothing that we eat, wear, or use comes to us directly from nature.”可知选项C错误；根据第二段的第二句“job discrimination, .and those who are not.”可知选项D也错误。所以本题选B。5.判断推理题。根据第四段的第一句“The common thread that runs through all of these topics, b

21、inding them together into a coherent body of study, is that one way or another each deals with the way society produces and uses goods and services.”由此可以推断选项B符合原文。6. 单选题John stood staring at the ghost, （）with terror.问题1选项A.transferredB.transportedC.transfixedD.transmitted【答案】C【解析】形近词辨析题。transferred转

22、移；transported运输；transfixed使呆住、刺穿；transmitted遗传、传输。句意：John站在那里看着那个鬼，吓得不能动弹。选项C符合句意。7. 单选题We finally（）the musician to entertain instead of the absent speaker.问题1选项A.descended uponB.prevailed uponC.weighed uponD.looked down upon【答案】B【解析】词组辨析题。descended upon突然降临、袭击；prevailed upon说服；weighed upon压于、使沉重；lo

23、oked down upon看不起。句意：我们最后说服了那位音乐家来代替那位缺席的演讲者。选项B符合句意。8. 单选题Mary（）my letter; otherwise she would have replied before now.问题1选项A.has receivedB.ought to have receivedC.couldnt have receivedD.should have received【答案】C【解析】辨析题。句意：Mary不可能收到了我的信,否则她早就回复我了。只有选项C符合句意。9. 单选题When traveling, you are advised to t

24、ake travelers checks, which provide a secure（）to carrying your money in cash.问题1选项A.substituteB.preferenceC.selectionD.alternative【答案】D【解析】词义辨析题。substitute替代物；preference偏爱；selection选择,指从相当数量中进行选择,强调数量多和慎重的判断和鉴别；alternative可供选择的,强调在两个中选一个。句意：旅游的时候建议你带上旅行支票,作为携帯现金的一个安全替代方式。选项D正确。10. 单选题The people were

25、 annoyed by the（）supply of electricity and water in summer.问题1选项A.insufficientB.integralC.inferiorD.indispensable【答案】A【解析】词义辨析题。insufficient不足的；integral完整的；inferior等级低的；indispensable不重要的。句意：人们对夏天水电供应不足感到烦恼。选项A符合句意。11. 单选题The river is already（）its banks because of excessive rainfall; and the city is

26、threatened with a likely flood.问题1选项A.parallel toB.level toC.flat onD.flush with【答案】D【解析】parallel to平行,类似；level不与to搭配；flat也不与介词on搭配；flush with齐平,同高。句意：由于雨水过多，河水已经和堤岸齐平了，这座城市可能面临洪水的威胁。选项D符合句意。12. 单选题To forgive may be divine, but no one ever said it was easy. When someone has deeply hurt you, it can b

27、e extremely difficult to let go of your grudge. But forgiveness is possible - and it can surprisingly beneficial to your physical and mental health.“People who forgive show less depression, anger and stress and more hopefulness,” says Frederic, Ph. D., author of Forgive for Good. “So it can help sav

28、e on the wear and tear on our organs, reduce the wearing out of the immune system and allow people to feel more vital.”So how do you start the healing? Try following these steps:Calm yourself. To defuse your anger, try a simple stress-management technique. “Take a couple of breaths and think of some

29、thing that gives you pleasure: a beautiful scene in nature, someone you love,” Frederic says.Dont wait for an apology. “Many times the person who hurt you has no intention of apologizing,” Frederic says. “They may have wanted to hurt you or they just dont see things the same way. So if you wait for

30、people to apologize, you could be waiting an awfully long time.” Keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean reconciliation with the person who upset you or condoning of his or her action.Take the control away from your offender. Mentally replaying your hurt gives power to the person who

31、 caused you pain. “Instead of focusing on your wounded feelings, learn to look for the love, beauty and kindness around you,” Frederic says.Try to see things from the other persons perspective. If you empathize with that person, you may realize that he or she was acting out of ignorance, fear, even

32、love. To gain perspective, you may want to write a letter to yourself from your offenders point of view.Recognize the benefits of forgiveness. Research has shown that people who forgive report more energy, better appetite and better sleep patterns.Dont forget to forgive yourself. “For some people, f

33、orgiving themselves is the biggest challenge,” Frederic says. “But it can rob you of your self-confidence if you dont do it.”1.Forgiveness is（）2.What does “wear and tear” mean?3.Which is Not the technique of healing?4.Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?5.What is the main idea of

34、 the passage?问题1选项A.easy to doB.nobleC.only beneficial to physical healthD.impossible to get your grudge go问题2选项A.Damage resulting from ordinary use.B.Energy.C.Friction.D.Moisture.问题3选项A.Inhale deeply.B.Mentally replay your hurt often.C.Distract your attention.D.Think in another point of view.问题4选项A

35、.The person who hurt you is sure to make an apology to you later on.B.You may condone others wrong doings.C.Forgiveness doesnt equal obeyance.D.You should negotiate with the person who upset you.问题5选项A.Ways to get well from your hurt.B.To forgive may be divine, but no one ever said it was easy.C.For

36、giveness benefits to your physical and mental health.D.An introduction to the book Forgive for Good.【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段的第一句可知选项A错误；而divine与noble同义, 所以选项B正确；根据第一段的最后一句“forgiveness can surprisingly beneficial to your physical and mental health”可知选项C错误；根据第一段的第二句“it can be ext

37、remely difficult to let go of your grudge.”可知选项D也错误。所以本题选B。2.语义题。damage resulting from ordinary use日常中的损伤；friction摩擦力；moisture水分, 湿度。根据原文可知, 这里指可以帮助我们减少器官的磨损。选项A符合原文。3.细节事实题。根据第六段的第二句“Mentally replaying your hurt gives power to the person who caused you pain.”在心里重演你的伤痛, 只会给予伤害你的人力量。所以选项B并不是治疗的好方法。4.

38、判断推理题。根据第五段的最后一句“forgiveness does not necessarily mean reconciliation with the person who upset you or condoning of his or her action.”宽恕并不一定意味着与让你心烦的人和解, 也不意味着宽恕他或她的行为。选项C符合原文。5.主旨大意题。forgiveness为本文的关键词, 再结合全文内容可知, 本文主要是讲如何宽恕以及宽恕的益处。选项C更符合原文。其他选项都太片面。13. 单选题My friend Paul was badly taken in when he

39、 paid $1000 for that second-hand car, it was not worth（）问题1选项A.that all muchB.all that muchC.that much allD.much all that【答案】B【解析】考查修饰语。that much通常用于口语中，用all修饰，进一步加强语气。所以本题选B。14. 单选题Your math instructor would have been happy to give you a makeup examination had you gone and explained that your paren

40、ts（）at the time.问题1选项A.had been illB.were illC.would have been illD.should have been ill【答案】B【解析】语法题。句子是对过去的虚拟,但“父母病了”是客观事实,故不需要用虚拟形式had been,直接用过去式即可,选项B正确。15. 单选题I hope you are not（）that I obtained this money dishonestly.问题1选项A.implyingB.involvingC.deducingD.denoting【答案】A【解析】Implying暗示,隐含；involvin

41、g涉及,包括；deducing推测；denoting指示,表示。句意：我希望你不是在暗示我是通过不正当的手段获得这笔钱的。选项A符合句意。16. 翻译题Put the following into Chinese.To be really happy and really safe, one ought to have at least two or three hobbies, and they must all be real. It is no use starting late in life to say: “I will take an interest in this or th

42、at.” Such an attempt only aggravates the strain of mental effort. A man may acquire great knowledge of topics unconnected with his daily work, and yet hardly get any benefit or relief. It is no use doing what you like; you have got to like what you do. Broadly speaking, human beings may be divided i

43、nto three classes: those who are toiled to death, those who are worried to death, and those who are bored to death. It is no use offering the manual laborer, tired out with a hard weeks sweat and effort, the chance of playing a game of football or baseball on Saturday afternoon. It is no use invitin

44、g the politician or the professional or businessman, who has been working or worrying about serious things for six days, to work or worry about trifling things at the weekend.【答案】要想获得真正的快乐与安宁, 一个人至少应该有两到三种业余爱好, 而且必须是真正的爱好。到了晚年才说“我要培养这个或那个兴趣”是无用的, 这种尝试只会増加精神上的负担。一个人可以在自己工作之外的领域获得渊博的知识, 不过他可能几乎得不到什么收益

45、或是放松。做你喜欢的事是没用的, 你必须喜欢你所做的事。总的来说, 人可以分为三种：劳累而死的人、忧虑而死的人、和烦恼而死的人。对于那些体力劳动者来说, 经历了一周辛苦劳作已经使他们精疲力尽, 周六下午让他们去踢足球或是打棒球是没有意义的。而对那些政治家、专业人士或者商人来说, 他们已经为棘手的事情操劳或烦恼六天了, 周末再让他们为琐事劳神同样毫无意义。17. 单选题The authors of the United States Constitution attempted to establish an effective national government while preserv

46、ing（）for the states and liberty for individuals.问题1选项A.autonomyB.dignityC.monopolyD.stability【答案】A【解析】autonomy自治；dignity尊严,高贵；monopoly垄断；stability稳定性。句意：撰写美国国家宪法的人试图建立一个高效的国家政府,即能保证各个州的自治,又能保证个人的自由。选项A符合句意。18. 单选题In managing information resources, the medium may be the key to an effective system. Th

47、e medium is a vehicle, a tool, or a container for holding information; the information itself is the thing of value.Three popular categories of information media are paper, film，and electronic storage devices. The media choice must not be viewed as a choice among these three, however; it must be vie

48、wed as an opportunity to select from a multitude of media possibilities in combinations that build effective systems. In many instances the person responsible for information-resource management is not the person who determines the medium in which information will be created. In such a case, the man

49、ager of a firms information resources faces a challenge in making a significant contribution to the organizations objectives.For effective management of information resources, media conversion may be necessary. Examples include keying or scanning paper documents to convert them to electronic media.

50、Other processes convert electronic media from one format to another. For example, disk files created on one system may not be compatible with another system. Various hardware and software combinations can be used to convert files to formats that equipment will accept. For information generated withi

51、n organizations, this necessity of making systems compatible may be eliminated by cooperative planning. However, very little control can be exercised over the media used to generate information that comes to your organization from the outside.The medium for information may be selected to satisfy a n

52、eed that exists when information is created and communicated. For example, a paper record may be created because of its portability and because no special equipment is necessary for later references to that information; electronic transmission may be selected because it is the fastest means of commu

53、nicating information. A firm may use electronic mail because a network already exists for on-line computer communication. The additional application may cost less than postage to mail paper memo.1.Which of the following can best sum up the passage?2.The first paragraph aims at telling the reader（）3.

54、According to the author, （）4.For effective management of information resources, the manager should （）5.The main idea of the last paragraph is （）问题1选项A.Media Selection in Managing Information Resources.B.The Importance and Necessity of Media Conversion.C.Three Categories of Information Media.D.Variou

55、s Means of Communicating Information.问题2选项A.the importance of information resources managementB.the relationship between the medium and informationC.the great variety of media for holding informationD.the numerous resources of information问题3选项A.paper is the best storage deviceB.people have three cho

56、ices in selecting information mediumC.it is better to let the person responsible for information-resource management determine the mediumD.the manager should build an effective system by selecting a good combination of different media问题4选项A.convert all paper documents to electronic mediaB.make media

57、 conversion when necessaryC.control the media used to generate information both inside and outside his organizationD.use one format in processing information问题5选项A.paper record is the most convenient medium for later referenceB.electronic mail costs less than postage to mail paper memosC.different m

58、edia for information maybe selected for different purposesD.by using different media，a firm can create various information for its objectives【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:D第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.主旨大意题。本文主要是讲信息资源管理中的媒介选择。选项A正确，其余选项都是片面的观点。2.细节事实题。根据第一段的内容可知：媒介是一种承载信息的载体、工具或容器；信息本身就是有价值的东西。所以本段主要是讲媒体与信息之间的关系。选项B正确。3.细节事

59、实题。根据第二段的第二句“ The media choice . that build effective systems.”媒体的选择不能被视为这三种选择之一；它必须被视为一个机会，从众多的媒体选择的可能性组合，以建立有效的系统。选项D符合原文。4.细节事实题。根据第三段的第一句“For effective management of information resources, media conversion may be necessary.”为了有效地管理信息资源，可能需要进行媒体转换。选项B符合原文。5.主旨大意题。根据最后一段的第一句“The medium for informa

60、tion may be selected to satisfy a need that exists when information is created and communicated.”信息媒体可能被选择，以满足在创建和传播信息时存在的需要。也就是说不同信息媒体的选择是出于不同的目的。选项C符合原文。19. 单选题Love and friendship have much（1）. If two persons are to be（2）, they must find contentment in each others（3）, suffer pain in each others fa

61、ilure, and（4）pleasure in each others success. Each must find（5）the mood and temperament of the other something（6）and congenial. But any deep and permanent friendshipa larger common area than romantic love. Notoriously, the prince may fall in love with the chorus girl when the two have almost（8）in co

62、mmon. But friendships are based（9）, on common interests in a project, an art, or a cause; one thinks of Marks and Engels, Cobden and Bright, Gilbert and Sullivan, the Mayo brothers, Weber and Fields.Still, common interests by themselves will not（10）friendship and many co-workers have been（11）and enemies.（12）about values, about things, admired and liked and