2022年考博英语-中央美术学院考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第93期

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1、2022年考博英语-中央美术学院考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题With the help of the government, a large number of people （ ）after the flood in 1991.问题1选项A.survivedB.suspendedC.sufferedD.subjected【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。survive“幸存”；suspend“延缓，推迟”；suffer“遭遇”；subject“使臣服”。句意：在政府帮助下，有很多人在1991年的那场洪涝灾害中幸存了下来。A项符合题意。2. 单选题Esther want

2、ed to go to Philadelphia by herself, but her parents would not give their（ ） .问题1选项A.contestB.consentC.convenienceD.control【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项contest“比赛，争论”；B选项consent“同意，准许”；C选项convenience“便利”；D选项control“控制，管理”。根据句意“Esther想自己去费城，但她的父母不同意”。选项B符合句意。3. 翻译题Directions: Translate the following passage in

3、to English. Write your translation on the Answer Sheet.中国人的住宅从前中国人在盖房子的时候，都要先请人看风水，看似迷信，也并非没有道理。按照中国人的想法，任何建筑物都不应该破坏大自然的和谐，而且要让建筑物和大自然融为一体。住在这种房子里的人，会觉得自己不是关在笼子里，而是生活在宁静的大自然里面。所以，中国人盖房子，通常都坐北朝南，以便接受冬天的阳光和夏日的清风。这种房子冬暖夏凉，住在里面非常舒服。【答案】Chinese people used to invite experts to advise them in feng shui pr

4、inciples before building a house. It seems to be superstitious, but somehow makes sense. According to the Chinese people, no building should mar the harmony of nature, but instead blend into nature. Those living in such houses would not feel confined in cages, but as if they were living in serene na

5、ture. Thus, Chinese houses usually face the south so as to have warm sunshine in winter and cool breezes in summer. The house, warm in winter and cool in summer, is comfortable for accommodation.4. 写作题Directions: Write a short essay (around 200 words) expressing your idea about GOOD MANNERS in 3 par

6、agraphs. You are given the first sentence of each paragraph and are required to develop its ideas in completing the paragraph.1. Good manners mean good behavior in social intercourse.2. A selfish man can never possess good manners.3. Then how to learn good manners?【答案】略5. 单选题She thinks about nothing

7、 but dancing. She is completely（ ）to it.问题1选项A.addictedB.absorbedC.involvedD.interested【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项addict“使沉迷，使上瘾”，一般和介词to搭配；B选项absorb“承受，理解，使.全神贯注”，一般和介词in搭配；C选项involve“涉及，使陷于，潜心于”，一般和介词in搭配；D选项interest“感兴趣”，一般和介词in搭配。根据句意“她只想跳舞。她完全上瘾了。”只有选项A能和介词to搭配，所以A正确。6. 单选题I bumped my head on the doorp

8、ost and now a（ ）has come up.问题1选项A.lumpB.knobC.pumpD.bubble【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项lump“肿块”；B选项knob“瘤”；C选项pump“泵”；D选项bubble“气泡”。句意：我的头撞在了门柱上，现在肿了起来。选项A符合语境。7. 单选题When your parents advise you to “get an education” in order to raise your income, they tell you only half the truth. What they really mean is t

9、o get just enough education to provide manpower for your society, but not so much that you prove an embarrassment to your society.Get a high school diploma, at least. Without that, you will be occupationally dead unless your name happens to be George Bernard Shaw or Thomas Alva Edison, and you can s

10、uccessfully drop out in grade school.Get a college degree, if possible. With a B. A, you are on the launching pad. But now you have to start to put on the brakes. If you go for a masters degree, make sure it is an M. B. A. and is famous law of diminishing returns begins to take effect.Do you know, f

11、or instance, that long-haul truck drivers earn more per year than full professors? Yes, the average 1977 salary for those truckers was $ 24,000, while the full professors managed to earn just $23,030.A Ph. D. is the highest degree you can get. Except for a few specialized fields such as physics or c

12、hemistry where the degree can quickly be turned to industrial or commercial purposes, if you pursue such a degree in any other field, you will face a dim future. There are more Ph. D. s unemployed or underemployed in this country than in any other part of the world.If you become a doctor of philosop

13、hy in English or history or anthropology or political science or languages or worst of all in philosophy, you run the risk of becoming overeducated for our national demands. Not for our needs, mind you, but for our demands.Thousands of Ph. D. s are selling shoes, driving cars, waiting on tables, and

14、 endlessly filling out applications month after month. They may also take a job in some high school or backwater college that pays much less than the doorkeeper earns.You can equate the level of income with the level of education only so far. Far enough, that is, to make you useful to the gross nati

15、onal product, but not so far that nobody can turn much of a profit on you.1.According to the writer, what the society expects of education is to turn out people who（ ） .2.Many Ph. D s are out of a job because（ ）.3.The nation is only interested in people（ ）.4.Which of the following is Not true?5.The

16、writer sees education as（ ）.问题1选项A.will not be a disgrace to societyB.will become loyal citizensC.can take care of themselvesD.can meet the nations demands as a source of manpower问题2选项A.they are improperly educatedB.they are of little commercial value to their societyC.there are fewer jobs in high s

17、choolsD.they prefer easier jobs that make more money问题3选项A.with diplomasB.who specialize in physics and chemistryC.who are valuable to the gross national productD.both A and C问题4选项A.Bernard Shaw didnt finish high school, nor did Edison.B.One must think carefully before pursuing a master degree.C.The

18、 higher your education level, the more money youll earn.D.If you are too well-educated, youll be over-educated for societys demands.问题5选项A.a means of providing job security and financial security and a means of meeting a countrys demands for technical workersB.a way to broaden ones horizonsC.more im

19、portant than finding a jobD.an opportunity that everyone should have【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段最后一句“What they really mean is to get just enough education to provide manpower for your society, but not so much that you prove an embarrassment to your society. 他们真正的意思是获得足够的教育来为社会提供人力资

20、源，而不是证明你在社会中的尴尬。”也就是说，社会希望教育能够转向培养出作为人力资源来满足国家需要的人才。选项D符合原文。2.判断推理题。根据原文最后一段的内容“你只能到目前为止把收入水平与教育水平等同起来。也就是说，要让你对国民生产总值有用，但又不能让任何人从你身上赚取太多利润。”由此可知，很多博士生失业，正是因为对社会没有什么商业价值，所以选项B正确。3.细节事实题。本题的答案定位也是在原文最后一个自然段。根据上一题可知，国家只对那些国民生产总值有价值的人感兴趣。所以选项C正确。4.细节事实题。根据第四段第一句“Do you know, for instance, that long-hau

21、l truck drivers earn more per year than full professors? 比如说，你知道吗?长途卡车司机的年收入比全职教授要高。”由此可知，并不是教育水平越高，赚的钱就越多。所以选项C不正确。5.判断推理题。原文第一自然段提及“当你的父母建议你接受教育以提高你的收入时，他们只告诉了你一半的真相。他们真正的意思是获得足够的教育来为社会提供人力资源，而不是证明你在社会中的尴尬。”也就是说，作者认为教育不仅仅是一种提供工作保障和财政保障的手段，也是一种满足国家对技术工人需求的手段，所以选项A符合原文。8. 单选题It was（ ） that the resta

22、urant discriminated against black customers.问题1选项A.addictedB.allegedC.assaultedD.ascribed【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。addict“上瘾的”；allege“宣称，断言”；assault“攻击，袭击”；ascribe“归因于，归咎于”。句意：据称，这家饭店歧视黑人顾客。B项符合题意。9. 单选题Merchant and passenger ships are generally required to have a life preserver for every person aboard and in

23、 many cases, a certain percentage of smaller sizes for children. According to United States requirements, life preservers must design, reversible capable of being quickly adjusted to fit the uninitiated individual, and must be so designed as to support the wearer in the water in an upright or slight

24、ly backward position.Sufficient buoyancy(浮力)to support the wearer should be retained by the life preserver after 48 hours in the water, and it should be reliable even after long period of storage. Thus it should be made of materials resistant to sunlight, gasoline, and oils, and it should be not eas

25、ily set on fire. The position in which the life preserver will support a person who jumps or falls into the water is the most important, as is its tendency to turn the wearer in the water from a face-down position to an upright or slightly backward position, with his face clear of the water, even wh

26、en the wearer is exhausted or unconscious.The method of adjustment to the body should be simple, and self-evident to uninitiated persons even in the dark under the confused conditions, which follow a disaster. Thus, the life be reversible that it is nearly impossible to get it on wrong. Catches, str

27、aps, and ties should be kept to a minimum. In addition, the life preserver must be adjustable to the wide variety of shapes and sizes of wearers, since this greatly affects the position of floating and the self-righting qualities. A suitable life also be comfortable to wear at all times, in and out

28、of the water, not so heavy as to encourage to take it off on shipboard while the ship is in danger, nor so burdensome that it hinders a person in the water while trying to swim.1.The passage is mainly about（ ）.2.According to the passage, a life must be first of all（ ）.3.United States Coast Guard doe

29、s NOT require the life preserver to be made（ ）.4.By “the uninitiated individual” ( Para. 1, Line. 4) the author refers to the person（ ）.5.What would happen if a person were supported by the life preserver in a wrong position?问题1选项A.the uses of life preserversB.the design of life preserversC.the mate

30、rials for life preserversD.the buoyancy of life preservers问题2选项A.adjustableB.comfortableC.self-evidentD.self-righting问题3选项A.with as few strings as possibleB.capable of being worn on both sidesC.according to each wearers sizeD.comfortable and light to wear问题4选项A.who has not been instructed how to use

31、 a life preserverB.who has a little experience in using a life preserverC.who uses a life preserver without permissionD.who becomes nervous before a disaster问题5选项A.The waves would move him backwardsB.The water would hit his eyesC.He would immediately sink to the bottomD.He would be exhausted or unco

32、nscious【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C第4题:A第5题:D【解析】第1题:1.主旨大意题。由第一段“According to United States requirements, life preservers must design, reversible capable of being quickly adjusted to fit the uninitiated individual and must be so designed as to support the wearer in the water in an upright or slightly backwa

33、rd position. 根据美国的要求，救生衣的设计必须是可逆的，能够迅速调整以适应不熟悉的个人，而且必须设计得能够在水中支撑穿戴者直立或稍微向后的位置。可知本文主要讲的是有关救生衣的设计。故B项正确。2.细节事实题。由第二段“The position in which the life preserver will support a person who jumps or falls into the water is the most important, as is its tendency to turn the wearer in the water from a face-do

34、wn position to an upright or slightly backward position, with his face clear of the water, even when the wearer is exhausted or unconscious.救生衣支撑落水的人的位置是最重要的，即使在穿戴者筋疲力尽或失去意识的情况下，它也会使穿戴者在水中从脸朝下的位置转向直立或稍微向后的位置，使他的脸不沾水。”可知救生衣最重要的特征是能够自动扶正的。故D项正确。3.细节事实题。由最后第一段“Thus, the life be reversible that it is ne

35、arly impossible to get it on wrong. Catches, straps, and ties should be kept to a minimum. In addition, the life preserver must be adjustable to the wide variety of shapes and sizes of wearers. A suitable life also be comfortable to wear at all times, in and out of the water, not so heavy as to enco

36、urage to take it off on shipboard while the ship is in danger,因此救生衣应该可以两面都穿的，这样的话几乎不可能穿反。带子应尽可能少。另外救生衣一定要根据不同穿戴者的体型来调节。合适的救生衣应该总是穿起来舒适，无论在水里还是在水的外面，并且不能太重以至于船遇到危险时会想要把它脱下来。”可知ABD三项在文中都有提及，故C项不对。答案选C。4.词义题。由第一段“According to United States requirements, life preservers must design, reversible capable o

37、f being quickly adjusted to fit the uninitiated individual, 根据美国的要求，救生衣必须设计出双面可穿的、不熟悉穿戴的人能够迅速适应的。由该句可推断该词的意思为没穿戴过救生衣的，没受过训练的人。故A项正确。5.推理判断题。由第二段“The position in which the life preserver will support a person who jumps or falls into the water is the most important, as is its tendency to turn the wear

38、er in the water from a face-down position to an upright or slightly backward position, with his face clear of the water, even when the wearer is exhausted or unconscious. 救生衣支撑落水的人的位置是最重要的，即使在穿戴者筋疲力尽或失去意识的情况下，它也会使穿戴者在水中从脸朝下的位置转向直立或稍微向后的位置，使他的脸不沾水。”题干中的in a wrong position与文中的 face-down position相对应，故D

39、项正确。第2题:第3题:第4题:第5题:10. 单选题She opened the packet and emptied the（ ）into a saucepan.问题1选项A.fullnessB.containerC.refillsD.contents【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项fullness“充满，丰富”；B选项container“容器”；C选项refills“再装满”；D选项contents“内容”。根据句意“她打开袋子，把里面的东西倒进了锅里。”只有选项D最符合语境。11. 单选题Please be serious. I am not（ ）. You should con

40、sider it carefully.问题1选项A.sortingB.jokingC.countingD.comparing【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。sort“将分类”；joke“开玩笑”；count“计数”；compare“比较”。句意：请严肃点，我不是开玩笑的。你应该仔细地想想。B项符合题意。12. 单选题The old man（ ）the memory of his dead wife.问题1选项A.embracedB.disclosedC.cherishedD.stored【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项embrace“拥抱，信奉”；B选项disclose“公开，揭露”；C

41、选项cherish“珍爱”；D想store“贮藏，储存”。cherish the memory of意为“怀念（某人）”。根据句意“老人怀念他死去的妻子。”所以选项C正确。13. 单选题Many women still feel that they are being （ ） by a male culture, particularly in the professional services sector.问题1选项A.held backB.held forthC.held onD.held out【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。hold back“隐瞒，退缩，抑制，阻止”；hold fo

42、rth“滔滔地说，提供”；hold on“不挂断电话”；hold out“伸出，提供”。句意：很多女性仍然认为男性文化阻碍了她们的发展，尤其是在职业领域。A项符合题意。14. 单选题The police stopped me the other day as I was driving home, because I was（ ） the speed limit.问题1选项A.transcendingB.exceedingC.surpassingD.overtaking【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项transcend“胜过，超越”；B选项exceed“超过，胜过”；C选项surpass

43、“超越，优于”； D选项overtake“赶上，压倒”。四个选项都有“超过，胜过”的意思，但表示超速只能用exceed。根据句意“那天我开车回家的时候被警察拦住了，因为我超速了。”所以选项B正确。15. 单选题Can you find（ ） at the hotel for the night?问题1选项A.lodgingsB.accommodationsC.placesD.houses【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。lodging“寄宿”；accommodation“住处，膳宿”；place“地方”；house“住宅，家庭”。句意：你今晚能在酒店找到地方住吗？B项符合题意。16. 单选题Th

44、e（ ） stuck on the envelope says “By Air”.问题1选项A.diagramB.labelC.signalD.mark【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。diagram“图表，图解”；label“标签”；signal“信号”；mark“标志，记号”。句意：信封上贴的标签写着“航空信件”。B项符合题意。17. 单选题His hand shook a little as he（ ） the key in the lock.问题1选项A.squeezedB.insertedC.stuffedD.pierced【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。squeeze“挤，紧握”；i

45、nsert“插入”；stuff“塞满”；pierce“穿孔”。句意：当他将钥匙插入锁时，他的手微微抖了一下。B项符合题意。18. 单选题（ ）elephants are different from wild elephants in many aspects, including their tempers.问题1选项A.CultivatedB.RegulatedC.CivilD.Tame【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。cultivated“有教养的，栽培的”；regulated“约束，调节”；civil“有礼貌的”；tame“驯服的，乏味的”。句意：被驯服的大象与野生大象在许多方面有差异

46、，包括性格。由wild可知此空应填与之意思相反的单词，故D项正确。19. 单选题Although the traffic is not busy, he likes to drive at a（ ） speed.问题1选项A.spareB.fastC.moderateD.moral【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。spare“额外的，空闲的”；fast“迅速的”；moderate“适度的，稳健的”；moral“有道德的”。句意：尽管交通不拥挤，他喜欢以适中的速度开车。由although和not busy可知空格处应填意思与之相反的词。故C项符合题意。20. 单选题Doctors are interested in using lasers as a surgical tool in operations on people who are （ ） to heart attack.问题1选项A.proneB.disposedC.infectiousD.accessible【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。be prone to“易于，有 的倾向”；be disposed to“愿意，使易感染”；be accessible to“容易接近的，容易进入的”。句意：医生对于运用激光给心脏病人做手术很感兴趣。A项符合题意。