2022年考博英语-湖南师范大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷16

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1、2022年考博英语-湖南师范大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题One of the reasons for his popularity in our village is that he（ ）almost everyone every time when he comes back from the big city.问题1选项A.asks afterB.runs forC.brings upD.takes after【答案】A【解析】ask after探问, 问候；run for竞选；bring up提出；take after与相像。句意：他在我们村里受欢迎的原因之一是,

2、 他几乎每次从大城市回来都会问候所有人。选项A符合语境。2. 单选题The fire started on the first floor of the hospital _ were elderly and weak.问题1选项A.many of its patientsB.many of which patientsC.many patients of whomD.many of whose patients【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句。句意：大火从医院的一楼开始蔓延，在一楼有许多年老体弱的病人。横线到句尾部分是修饰first floor的定语从句，patients和first floo

3、r是所属关系，用引导词whose，D选项many of whose patients符合题意。A选项中its不是引导词，不引导从句；B选项中which不表示所属关系；C选项中whom用在先行词是人的情况。因此D选项正确。3. 单选题The Chinese polar explorers took every precaution to（ ）the dangers of their trip.问题1选项A.minimizeB.extinguishC.shrinkD.prevent【答案】A【解析】句意：中国极地探险者采取了一切预防措施，把旅行的危险降到了最低。选项A符合句意。4. 单选题In t

4、he past few years, reformers have embraced a disarmingly simple idea for fixing schools; Why not actually flunk those students who dont earn passing grades? Both Democrats and Republicans have begun attacking the practice of “social promotion” - shuttling bad students to the next grade, advancing th

5、em with peers even if they are failing. Make F truly mean failure, the movement says.Last week in Los Angeles, the reformers learned just how ornery, the current system can be. According to a plan released Tuesday by the L.A. school district, ending social promotion there will take at least four yea

6、rs, could cost hundreds of millions of dollarsand probably would require flunking about half the districts students. Thats a pessimistic assessment, but its not just bureaucrats caterwauling. Rather, L.A school superintendent Ruben Zacarias was an eager convert to the crusade against social promotio

7、n. In February he unveiled an ambitious plan to end unwarranted promotions in five grades during the 1999-2000 school yeara full year ahead of the timetable set by a state law.At the time, Zacarias acknowledged that his goal would be hard to meet. He estimated that as many as 6 of every 10 students

8、would flunk if they had to advance on merit. Zacarias wanted to spend $140 million in the first year alone to help these kids. Why so much? Because a mountain of research shows that ending social promotion doesnt work. If it just means more Fs. Kids who are simply forced to repeat grades over and ov

9、er usually dont improve academically and often drop out. Zacarias wanted more tutoring, summer school and intensive learning classes. Unqualified students wouldnt rise to the next grade; nor would they be doomed to redo work they already failed. It was a forward-looking plan that Zacarias, 70, didnt

10、 have the clout to enact. He wasnt popular enoughthe school board recently bought out his contract after a bitter power strugglebut even fellow reformers think his plan was too much, too soon. Says board member. David Tokofsky: “Youve got the unions who want their say. And, of course, theres the fac

11、ilities issue: Where do you send all these eighth-graders if you cant send them to high school?” The district now says it will stop advancing low-achieving students only in two grades (second and eighth), and it will begin next year.Los Angeles isnt the only place that has run into roadblocks while

12、trying to end social promotion. In New York City, some advocates have said in lawsuits that parents werent notified early enough that their kids were flunking. And in Chicago, which led the nation on the issue, a parents group has filed civil rights complaints alleging that the promotion crackdown h

13、olds back a disproportionate number of black and Latino kids.Still, the war on social promotion could have one salutary consequence: if every school district takes L.A.s approach, struggling students will get a lot more teaching help, not just a kick in the rear as they finish another unproductive s

14、chool year.1.“Social promotion” is （ ）.2.Education officials give the reform prospect a pessimistic assessment because （ ）.3.The writer mentioned the case of Zacamas to show that （ ）.4.It seems that the effort at ending social promotion （ ）.5.Toward the proposal of ending social promotion, the autho

15、rs attitude seems to be （ ）.问题1选项A.a simple idea for fixing schoolB.flunking students who dont earn passing gradesC.making F more or less meaninglessD.a political movement问题2选项A.it takes too long time, costs too much and may produce undesirable resultB.there is no feasible plan yetC.it involves too

16、many studentsD.it is not approved by state legislature问题3选项A.ending social promotion doesnt workB.schools do not have the ability to enact his plan.C.plans like his are too ambitiousD.its hard to reach agreement on the issue of ending social promotion问题4选项A.is confronting a lot of resistanceB.has pr

17、oved fruitlessC.has little hope of successD.does more harm than good问题5选项A.pessimisticB.optimisticC.objectiveD.biased【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.根据第一段的内容可知, “social promotion”指即使成绩差的学生考试不及格, 还是会把他们送进下一年级, 让他们与同龄人一起进步。而改革者们认为要让“F”真正意味着失败, 很显然social promotion使“F”失去了原本的意义, 所以选项C正确。2.根据第二段的二三句, 结

18、束该学区的社会推广活动至少需要四年时间, 可能会花费数亿美元, 而且可能需要该学区约一半的学生不及格。这是一个悲观的估计.选项A花费时间长, 成本高, 可能会产生不良的后果与原文表述一致, 所以正确。3.根据第三段的内容可知, 大量的研究表明, 停止社会推广是行不通的。但是Zacarias的计划由于他在董事会的失利以及其他改革者的反对而失败了, 作者其实是想表明, 停止“社会促进”很难达成统一的意见所以才会失败。所以选项D正确。4.根据第四段第一句“Los Angeles isnt the only place that has run into roadblocks while trying

19、 to end social promotion.”洛杉矶并不是唯一一个在试图结束“社会促进”时遇到障碍的地方。所以选项A正确。5.根据最后一段第一句“Still, the war on social promotion could have one salutary consequence.”尽管如此, “社会促进”的斗争可能会产生一个有益的结果.由此可知, 作者的态度是积极的, 选项B正确。5. 单选题The detective watched and saw the suspect _ a hotel at the corner of the Street.问题1选项A.getting

20、off the taxi and walking intoB.got off the taxi and walked intoC.get off the taxi and walk intoD.got off the taxi to walk into【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：侦探看着嫌疑犯下了出租车，走进了街角的一家旅馆。本句谓语动词是watched and saw，横线处是非谓语动词，在这里指“看见他下出租车和进旅馆”的整个过程。watch/see sb. doing sth.“看见某人正在做（瞬间）”，watch/see sb. do sth.“看见某人做了某事（全过程）”

21、，C选项get off the taxi and walk into符合题意。因此C选项正确。6. 单选题All the people in the stadium cheered up when they saw hundreds of colorful balloons（ ）slowly into the sky.问题1选项A.ascendingB.elevatingC.liftingD.lingering【答案】A【解析】ascend上升；elevate提升，举起；lift提升，举起；linger徘徊。 根据句意可知这里指气球慢慢上升到空中，选项A符合语境。7. 翻译题商务印书馆是中国现

22、代出版史上历史最悠久的文化出版机构。作为国内外著名的出版机构, 它为文化的传播和新知识的介绍做出了卓越的贡献。出版物遍及社会科学、自然科学、应用技术、文学艺术、儿童读物、教科书、中外语文辞书、各类杂志和各个门类专业的工具书。商务印书馆的出版物, 对我国思想界、文化界、教育界均有一定的影响。通信卫星系统在过去的几十年中取得了很大的成功, 已引起了人们对未来的广泛的关注, 一些国家正在采用卫星来发展国内的通信, 以取代传统的陆地电话线。但是, 卫星研制、发射和运转的成本很高, 超出了一些国家的经济承受能力。尽管如此, 通信卫星系统得到了越来越多的人的重视和支持, 这种技术会在未来更加普及。【答案】

23、The Commercial Press is the oldest cultural publishing house in the history of Chinas contemporary publication. As a well-known publishing house enjoying great prestige both at home and abroad, it has made outstanding contributions to the propagation of culture and the introduction of new knowledge.

24、 Books published by it include various categories of publications relative to social science, nature science, applied science, art and literature, childrens books, textbooks, dictionaries of Chinese and foreign languages, different kinds of magazines and specialized reference books, which have exert

25、ed great influence in the ideological, cultural and educational circles of our country.Communication satellite systems have been quite a success in the past decades, evoking widespread attention to their future. Some countries have been using satellites for domestic communications in place of conven

26、tional telephone lines on land. But satellites development, launching and operation are so costly that some countries cant afford. In spite of all this, communication satellites are gaining attention and support from more and more people. The technique seems likely to be more widely utilized in the

27、future.8. 单选题The commission would find itself（ ） at every turn if its members couldnt reach an agreement.问题1选项A.collidedB.displeasedC.crumbledD.hampered【答案】D【解析】collided碰撞，冲突；displeased生气的；crumbled破碎的；hampered受阻的。句意：如果委员们不能达成协议，委员会就会处处受阻。选项D符合句意。9. 单选题I dont ever want to talk about being a woman sci

28、entist again. There was a time in my life when people asked constantly for stories about what its like to work in a field dominated by men. I was never very good at telling those stories because truthfully I never found them interesting. What I do find interesting is the origin of the universe, the

29、shape of space-lime and the nature of black holes. At 19, when I began studying astrophysics, it did not bother me in the least to be the only woman in the classroom. But while earning my Ph. D. at MIT and then as a post-doctor doing space research, the issue started to bother me. My every achieveme

30、nt-jobs, research papers, awards- was viewed through the lens of gender politics. So were my failures. Sometimes, when I was pushed into an argument on left brain versus right brain, or nature versus nurture, 1 would instantly fight fiercely on my behalf and all womankind.Then one day a few years ag

31、o, out of my mouth came a sentence that would eventually become my reply to any and all provocations: I dont talk about that anymore. It took me 10 years to get back the confidence I had at 19 and to realize that I didnt want to deal with gender issues. Why should curing sexism be yet another terrib

32、le burden on every female scientist? After all, I dont study sociology or political theory.Today I research and teach at Barnard, a womens college in New York City. Recently, someone asked me how many of the 45 students in my class were women. You cannot imagine my satisfaction at being able to answ

33、er 45. I know some of my students worry how they will manage their scientific research and a desire for children. And I dont dismiss those concerns. Still I dont tell them “war” stories. Instead, I have given them this: the visual of their physics professor heavily pregnant doing physics experiments

34、. And in turn they have given me the image of 45 women driven by a love of science. And thats a sight worth talking about.1.Why doesnt the author want to talk about being a women scientist again?2.From Paragraph 2, we can infer that people would attribute the authors failures to（ ）.3.What did the au

35、thor constantly fight against while doing her Ph. D. and post-doctoral research?4.Why does the author feel great satisfaction when talking about her class?5.What does the image the author presents to her students suggest?问题1选项A.She feels unhappy working in male -dominated fieldsB.She is fed up with

36、the issue of gender discrimination.C.She is not good at telling stories of the kind.D.She finds space research more important.问题2选项A.the very fact that she is a womanB.her involvement in gender politicsC.her over-confidence as a female astrophysicistD.the burden she bears in a male-dominated society

37、问题3选项A.Lack of confidence in succeeding in space scienceB.Unfair accusations from both inside and outside her circleC.Peoples stereotyped attitude towards female scientistsD.Widespread misconceptions about nature and nurture问题4选项A.Female students no longer have to bother about gender issuesB.Her stu

38、dents performance has brought back her confidence.C.Her female students can do just as well as male studentsD.More females students are pursuing science than before问题5选项A.Women students neednt have the concerns of her generation.B.Women have more barriers on their way to academic success.C.Women can

39、 balance a career in science and having a family.D.Women now have fewer problems pursuing a science career.【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.推理判断题。根据第一段“But while earning my Ph. D. at MIT and then as a post-doctor doing space research, the issue started to bother me. My every achievement-jobs, rese

40、arch papers, awards- was viewed through the lens of gender politics.”但当我在麻省理工学院获得博士学位，然后作为一名从事太空研究的博士后时，这个问题开始困扰我。我的每一项成就工作、研究论文、奖项都是通过性别政治的视角来看待的。由此可知，作者受够了性别歧视的问题。选项B符合原文。2.推理判断题。根据第一段“My every achievement-jobs, research papers, awards- was viewed through the lens of gender politics. So were my fa

41、ilures.”我的每一项成就工作、研究论文、奖项都是通过性别政治的视角来看待的，包括我的失败也是如此。也就是说，人们将作者的失败归咎于她是女性这一事实。选项A符合原文。3.细节事实题。根据第一段最后一句“Sometimes, when I was pushed into an argument on left brain versus right brain, or nature versus nurture, 1 would instantly fight fiercely on my behalf and all womankind.”有时，当我被迫就左脑与右脑，或先天与后天进行辩论时，

42、我会立即为我和所有女性的利益展开激烈的斗争。选项C符合原文。4.推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知，作者在纽约的一所女子学员进行研究和教学。最近，有人问我班上45个学生中有多少是女生。你无法想象我回答45个时有多满足。因为她们展现出45位热爱科学的女性形象，选项D符合原文。5.推理判断题。根据最后一段倒数第三句“I have given them this: the visual of their physics professor heavily pregnant doing physics experiments.”相反，我让她们看到她们物理教授怀着孕还在做实验的一幕。作者是想让她的学生们

43、知道：女性可以在科学事业和家庭之间取得平衡。选项C正确。10. 单选题The government promised to（ ）a new system to control financial loan institutions.问题1选项A.implementB.complementC.supplementD.compliment【答案】A【解析】implement实施, 执行；complement补充；supplement增补；compliment恭维, 称赞。句意：政府承诺实施新的制度来控制金融贷款机构。选项A符合句意。11. 单选题The Smiths went into the d

44、epartment store to buy things, leaving their cars engine（ ）over.问题1选项A.tickingB.tumblingC.turningD.running【答案】C【解析】tick over进展缓慢；tumble over打翻；turn over发动；run over复查。句意：史密斯一家到百货公司购物，没有关掉车的引擎。也就是说车的引擎还发动着，选项C符合句意。12. 单选题We shall probably never be able to（ ） the exact nature of these sub-atomic partic

45、les.问题1选项A.assertB.informC.ascertainD.notify【答案】C【解析】assert断言，声称；inform通知；ascertain探明，确定；notify通知，公布。句意：我们可能永远无法确定这些亚原子粒子的确切性质。选项C符合句意。13. 单选题The discussion has been unexpectedly going for three hours, and Im afraid they will （ ） it still longer.问题1选项A.extendB.lengthenC.stretchD.protract【答案】D【解析】ext

46、end延伸, 扩大；lengthen延长, 加长；stretch伸展, 延伸；protract（时间）延长。句意：讨论出乎意料地进行了三个小时, 恐怕他们会把时间拖得更长。只有选项D表示时间延长, 符合语境。14. 单选题The rapid growth of Floridas cities has caused the states roads and highways to become （ ） .问题1选项A.worn outB.impassableC.congestedD.muffled【答案】C【解析】worn out疲惫不堪的, 耗尽的；impassable不能通行的；conges

47、ted堵塞的, 拥挤的；muffled听不清的, 蒙住的。句意：佛罗里达州城市的快速发展导致该州的道路和高速公路变得拥挤不堪。选项C符合语境。15. 单选题Many years had（ ） before they returned to their original urban areas.问题1选项A.floatedB.elapsedC.precededD.proceeded【答案】B【解析】float漂流；elapse时间流逝；precede领先，在之前；proceed开始，继续进行。句意：许多年过去了，他们才回到原来的城市。这里指时间流逝，所以选项B正确。16. 单选题The wome

48、n meet twice a month to（ ）their ideas together and set business goals for each other.问题1选项A.enquireB.indulgeC.teaseD.pool【答案】D【解析】enquire询问, 调查；indulge满足, 纵容；tease取笑, 戏弄；pool联营, 合伙经营。句意：这些女性每月会面两次, 把她们的想法汇集在一起, 为彼此设定商业目标。选项D符合语境。17. 单选题The tryptophan in the Thanksgiving turkey had _ effect, inducing

49、 sleep in those who consumed it.问题1选项A.an invigoratingB.depreciatoryC.hypnoticD.lethal【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句。A选项an invigorating“使精力充沛的”；B选项depreciatory“贬值的”；C选项hypnotic“有催眠作用的；安眠的”；D选项lethal“致命的”。句意：感恩节火鸡中的色氨酸有_的作用，能让吃火鸡的人入睡。色氨酸可以让人们入睡，可见有让人产生困意的作用，C选项hypnotic“有催眠作用的；安眠的”符合题意。因此C选项正确。18. 单选题Ive been writin

50、g for most of my life. The book Writing Without Teachers introduced me to one distinction and one practice that has helped my writing processes tremendously. The distinction is between the creative mind and the critical mind. While you need to employ both to get to a finished result, they cannot wor

51、k in parallel no matter how much we might like to think so.Trying to criticize writing on the fly is possibly the single greatest barrier to writing that most of us encounterIf you are listening to that 5th grade English teacher correct your grammar while you are trying to capture a fleeting (稍纵即逝的)

52、thought, the thought will die. If you capture the fleeting thought and simply share it with the world in raw form, no one is likely to understand. You must learn to create first and then criticize if you want to make writing the tool for thinking that it is.The practice that can help you past your l

53、earned bad habits of trying to edit as you write is what Elbow calls “free writing”. In free writing , the objective is to get words down on paper non-stop, usually for 15-20 minutes. No stopping, no going back, no criticizing. The goal is to get the words flowing. As the words begin to flow, the id

54、eas will come out from the shadows and let themselves be captured on your notepad or your screen.Now you have raw materials that you can begin to work with using the critical mind that youve persuaded to sit on the side and watch quietly. Most likely, you will believe that this will take more time t

55、han you actually have and you will end up staring blankly at the page as the deadline draws near.Instead of staring at a blank screen start filling it with words no matter how bad. Halfway through your available time, stop and rework your raw writing into something closer to finished product. Move b

56、ack and forth until you run out of time and the final result will most likely be far better than your current practices.1.When the author says the creative mind and the critical mind “cannot work in parallel” (Line4 Para. 1) in the writing process, he means（ ）.2.What prevents people from writing on

57、is（ ）.3.What is the chief objective of the first stage writing?4.One common concern of writers about “free writing” is that（ ）.5.In what way does the critical mind help the writer in the writing process?问题1选项A.no one can be both creative and criticalB.they cannot be regarded as equally importantC.th

58、ey are in constant conflict with each otherD.one cannot use them at the same time问题2选项A.putting their ideas in raw formB.attempting to edit as they writeC.ignoring grammatical soundnessD.trying to capture fleeting thoughts问题3选项A.To organize ones thoughts logicallyB.To choose an appropriate topicC.To

59、 get ones ideas down.D.To collect raw materials问题4选项A.it overstresses the role of the creative mindB.it takes too much time to edit afterwardsC.it may bring about too much criticismD.it does not help them to think clearly问题5选项A.It refines his writing into better shapeB.It helps him to come up with n

60、ew ideas.C.It saves the writing time available to himD.It allows him to sit on the side and observe【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第二段最后一句“You must learn to create first and then criticize if you want to make writing the tool for thinking that it is.”如果你想让写作成为思考的工具，你必须先学会创作，然后再修改。所以作者说二者不

61、能并行的意思是不能同时使用，选项D正确。2.细节事实题。根据第二段第一句“Trying to criticize writing on the fly is possibly the single greatest barrier to writing that most of us encounter.”在飞快的写作过程中修改可能是我们大多数人遇到的最大障碍。选项B符合原文。3.细节事实题。根据第三段最后一句“As the words begin to flow, the ideas will come out from the shadows and let themselves be c

62、aptured on your notepad or your screen.”当文字开始流畅起来时，想法也会从阴影中浮现出来，并呈现于记事本或屏幕上。由此可知，第一步写作的主要目的是将想法记录下来，选项C符合原文。4.推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“Most likely, you will believe that this will take more time than you actually have and you will end up staring blankly at the page as the deadline draws near.”很有可能，你会认为这比你实际拥有的时间要长，而且随着最后期限的临近，你最终会茫然地盯着这一页。由此可推断，对自由写作的担忧是写作的人对自由写作的担忧是之后的编辑时间太长，选项B符合原文。5.推理判断题。根据第五段的内容，不要盯着空白的屏幕，用文字来填满它，无论这些文字多么糟糕。在你可用的时间的一半，停下来，把你之前的写作重写成更接近成品的东西。反复修改，直到时间耗尽，最终的结果很可能比之前的练习要好得多