2022年考博英语-中国人民大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷37

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1、2022年考博英语-中国人民大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题To us it seems so natural to put up an umbrella to keep the water off when it rains. But actually the umbrella was not invented as protection against rain. Its first use was as a shade against the sun.Nobody knows who first invented it, but the umbrella was us

2、ed in very ancient times. Probably the first to use it were the Chinese in the eleventh century B. C.We know that the umbrella was used in ancient Egypt and Babylon as a sunshade. And there was a strange thing connected with its use: it became a symbol of honor and authority. In the Far East in anci

3、ent times, the umbrella was allowed to be used only by royalty or by those in high offices.In Europe, the Greeks were the first to use the umbrella as a sunshade. And the umbrella was in common use in ancient Greece. But it is believed that the first person in Europe to use the umbrella as protectio

4、n against rain were the ancient Romans.During the Middle Ages, the use of the umbrella practically disappeared. Then it appeared again in Italy in the late sixteenth century. And again it was considered a symbol of power and authority. By 1680, the umbrella appeared in France and later on in England

5、.By the eighteenth century, the umbrella was used against rain throughout most of Europe. Umbrellas have not changed much in style during all this time, though they have become much lighter in weight. It wasnt until the twentieth century that womens umbrellas began to be made in a whole variety of c

6、olors.1.The first use of umbrella was as （ ） .2.（ ）were the people who first used umbrella.3.The umbrella was used only by royalty or by those in high offices （ ）.4.According to the passage, which of the following is not true?5.Which of the following is the best title of the passage?问题1选项A.protectio

7、n against rainB.a shade against the sunC.a symbol of powerD.a symbol of honor问题2选项A.ChineseB.RomansC.GreeksD.Egyptians问题3选项A.in Europe in the 18th centuryB.in ancient Egypt and BabylonC.in the Far East in ancient timesD.during the Middle Ages问题4选项A.Women enjoy using umbrellas with varied kinds of co

8、lors nowadays.B.The inventor of the umbrella is unknown.C.Once ordinary people had no right to use umbrellas.D.Umbrellas were popular and cheap in ancient times.问题5选项A.When Was the Umbrella Invented?B.The History of UmbrellaC.UmbrellaA Symbol of HonorD.Who Used Umbrella First?【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:

9、D第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段最后一句“Its first use was as a shade against the sun.”可知选项B与原文描述一致。2.细节事实题。根据第二段的内容可知，最早使用伞的是中国人，选项A正确。3.细节事实题。根据第三段最后一句“In the Far East in ancient times, the umbrella was allowed to be used only by royalty or by those in high offices.”可知选项C与原文一致。4.细节判断题。根据原文第三段可知，在古代远东地区只有皇族或高官才

10、能使用伞，由此可以推断伞并不便宜，所以选项D错误。5.主旨题。结合全文内容可知，本文主要是讲述伞的历史。选项B正确。2. 单选题The gang derived their nickname from their dark clothing and blacked up faces for nocturnal raids in the forest.问题1选项A.illegalB.night-timeC.brutalD.abusive【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。根据dark clothing和blacked up faces以及nickname可推断，nocturnal指夜间的，选项B与

11、之意思相近，正确。3. 单选题Tom Jones, who（ ） around the world, will come to Asia next month.问题1选项A.will be touringB.have touredC.had been touringD.has been touring【答案】D【解析】根据句意可知，这里是已经开始并持续进行的动作，所以应该用现在完成进行时。选项D正确。4. 单选题Thirty-one million American are over 60 years of age, and twenty-nine million of them are he

12、althy, busy, productive citizens. By the year2030, one in every five people in the United States will be over 60. Elderly people are members of the fastest-growing minority in this country. Many call this the “graying of America”.In 1973, a group called the “Gray Panthers” was organized. This group

13、is made up of young and old citizens. They are trying to deal with the special problems of growing old in America. The Gray Panthers know that many elderly people have health problems: some cannot walk well, others cannot see or hear well. Some have financial problems; prices are going up so fast th

14、at the elderly cant afford the food, clothing, and housing they need. Some old people are afraid and have safety problems. Others have emotional problems. Many elderly are lonely because of the death of a husband or a wife. The Gray Panthers know another fact, too. Elderly people want to be as indep

15、endent as possible. So, the Gray Panthers are looking for ways to solve the special problems of the elderly.The president of the Gray Panthers is Maggie Kuhn, an active woman in her late 70s. She travels across the United States, educating both young and old about the concerns of elders. One of the

16、problems she talks about is where and how elders live. She says that Americans do not encourage elders to live with younger people. As far as Maggie Kuhn is concerned, only elders who need constant medical care should be in nursing homes.Maggie Kuhn knows that elders need education, too. She spends

17、lots of time talking to groups of older Americans. She encourages them to continue to live in their own houses if it is possible. She also tells them that it is important to live with younger people and to have children around them. This helps elders to stay young at heart.1.What health problems do

18、many elderly have?2.Nursing homes （ ）.3.Maggie Kuhn travels across the United States in order to （ ）elders.4.One of the problems Maggie Kuhn talks about is （ ） .5.Maggie Kuhn encourages elders to （ ）.问题1选项A.They feel lonely.B.They are suffering from cancer.C.They cannot walk or see or hear well.D.Th

19、ey have got heart problems.问题2选项A.are good for elders who need constant medical careB.help keep elders youngC.are set up for training nursesD.are places where small children are taken care of问题3选项A.collect money forB.show concerns forC.find houses forD.educate people to help问题4选项A.why elders should

20、be taken care ofB.where and how elders liveC.who needs medical careD.how to improve education in the USA问题5选项A.live in nursing homesB.travel moreC.live with younger peopleD.do some house work【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第二段第四句“many elderly people have health problems: some cannot walk

21、well, others cannot see or hear well.”选项 C与原文表述一致，正确。2.细节事实题。根据关键词“Nursing homes”定位到第三段最后一句“only elders who need constant medical care should be in nursing homes.”只有需要不断的医疗护理的老年人才应该住进养老院。也就是说，养老院对需要持续医疗护理的老年人有益。选项A符合原文。3.细节事实题。根据第三段第二句“She travels across the United States, educating both young and o

22、ld about the concerns of elders.”她走遍美国，教育年轻人和老年人关注老年人的问题。选项D正确。4.细节事实题。根据第三段第三句“One of the problems she talks about is where and how elders live.”选项B与原文表述一致，正确。5.细节事实题。根据最后一段的三四句，Maggie Kuhn鼓励老人继续住在自己的房子里，和年轻人生活在一起，有孩子在身边是很重要的。选项C符合原文。5. 写作题Write an essay about 200 words as your answer to the follow

23、ing question:“Should the Chinese government pay more attention and invest more in education for children in the rural area?” Write your answer on your ANSWER SHEET II.【答案】Nowadays, the society called for more efforts to upgrade the education quality in the vast western rural area, where the economy

24、was relatively backward. To improve the education quality in the western provinces, especially in the rural area, we should promote social harmony, coordinate development between the cities and the countryside, and pay attention to the long-term development of the western region. More investment sho

25、uld be injected into the education sector in the western rural area to allow rural students to receive their free nine-year compulsory education. The government should attract more outstanding teachers to serve in the countryside. Also, more efforts should be made to improve the teaching and boardin

26、g facilities for rural students, and teaching methods should also be improved to help students develop creative thinking. The authority should also stress the importance of education for ethnic minorities. More efforts should be made to develop ethnic minority education so as to make contribution to

27、 the common prosperity of all nationalities.6. 写作题Write an essay in no less than 200 words with the title “My Understanding of Globalization”.【答案】My Understanding of Globalization7. 单选题A knowledge of history（ ） us to deal with the vast range of problems confronting the contemporary world.问题1选项A.equi

28、psB.providesC.offersD.satisfies【答案】A【解析】equip sb.使某人做好准备，使具备.的能力；provide sb. with提供某人某物；offer sb.+sth.提供某人某物。satisfy sb. with sth.使某人对某物感到满意。句意：历史知识使我们能够处理当代世界面临的各种各样的问题。选项A符合句意。8. 单选题During his two-month stay in China, Tom never （ ）a chance to practice his Chinese.问题1选项A.passed onB.passed upC.passe

29、d byD.passed out【答案】B【解析】动词词组辨析。pass on传递，继续，去世；pass up拒绝，错过；pass by走过，经过；pass out分发，昏倒。这里指没有错过一次练习中文的机会。选项B符合句意。9. 单选题Our new firm （ ） for a credible, aggressive individual with great skills to fill this position.问题1选项A.have lookedB.are lookingC.is lookingD.look【答案】C【解析】句意：我们的新公司正在寻找一个可靠的、有进取心的、有很强

30、技能的人来填补这个职位。填空处应填入单数谓语动词，选项C符合语境。10. 单选题All of the international delegates attending the conference（ ） to bring a souvenir from their own countries.问题1选项A.has askedB.is askingC.were askedD.was asking【答案】C【解析】本句主语为“delegates”，所以谓语动词应为复数形式。选项C正确。11. 单选题The role of American women （ ）significantly from

31、the time the nation was born, to the modern era of the 1950s and 1960s.问题1选项A.has changedB.has been changedC.changedD.had been changed【答案】D【解析】语法知识。根据句意可知，这里应该用过去完成时态，首先排除选项A和C；role与change之间为被动关系,所以选项D正确。12. 单选题He told a story about his sister who was in a sad（ ） when she was ill and had no money.问题

32、1选项A.plightB.polarizationC.plagueD.pigment【答案】A【解析】plight困境；polarization两极分化；plague瘟疫，灾祸；pigment颜料，色素。in a sad plight指处于困境。选项A符合句意。13. 单选题To ensure its sustained progress in economy, the government has （ ） a series of policies.问题1选项A.reservedB.issuedC.deliveredD.expressed【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。句意：为确保经济的持续发

33、展，政府出台了一系列政策。选项B符合句意。14. 单选题Melissa is a computer （ ）that destroyed files in computers and frustrated thousands of users around the world.问题1选项A.geniusB.virusC.diseaseD.bacteria【答案】B【解析】名词词义辨析和上下文语义。根据下句“destroyed files in computers”可推测Melissa是一种计算机病毒，选项B符合语境。15. 翻译题The opening of Disneyland will br

34、ing many associated investment opportunities. At least four economic sectors will benefit directly. First, property markets. Housing and commercial real estate prices around the Disneyland area are already rising. Second, the tourism sector. After the opening, analysts expect 3 to 5 million more tou

35、rists will visit Shanghai every year, bring more business to hotels, travel agencies and retails. Third, brand marketing will give a boost to toy manufactures, publishers and the gaming industry. Fourth, construction companies and material suppliers will enjoy a huge increase, comparable to the 2010

36、 Shanghai world Expo. Disneylands first phase of construction is expected to cost 24 billion yuan.【答案】迪士尼在上海开园会带来许多相关的投资机会。至少有四个经济领域将直接受益。首先是房地产市场。迪士尼乐园周围的地产商业价格已经上涨。其次是旅游业。开园后，分析师预测每年有300万到500万甚至更多的游客将访问上海，这给酒店、旅行社和零售商带来更多的生意。再次，品牌营销将促进玩具制造业、出版业和游戏行业的发展。不仅如此，施工企业和材料供应商的业务量将大幅度增长，堪比2010年上海世博会。迪士尼乐园的

37、第一期工程预计将耗资240亿人民币。16. 单选题How can you （ ） and watch the country go to ruin?问题1选项A.stand byB.stand forC.stand upD.stand up for【答案】A【解析】动词词组辨析。stand by袖手旁观，站在旁边；stand for代表，象征；stand up站起来，坚持；stand up for支持，拥护。句意：你怎么能袖手旁观，看着这个国家走向毁灭呢?选项A符合句意。17. 单选题Since his injury was serious, the doctor suggested that

38、 he（ ） in the game.问题1选项A.did not playB.must not playC.not playD.not to play【答案】C【解析】suggest表建议时用虚拟语气，用should+动词原形，should可省略，所以选项C正确。18. 单选题The team leader of mountain climbers marked out（ ） .问题1选项A.that seemed to be the best routeB.what seemed to be the best routeC.which seemed to be tile best rout

39、eD.something that to be the best route【答案】B【解析】本句缺少的成分是宾语从句，只有选项B能作为宾语从句。that一般引导同位语从句；选项C缺少先行词；选项D用法不正确，所以本题选B。19. 单选题In 1987, H.I.V/AIDS joined a list of diseases that could keep a person out of the United States. The government later tried to cancel, its decision, but congress made the travel ban

40、 a part of immigration law. People with H.I.V., the virus that causes AIDS, could seek an exception, but that meant extra work.Last year, Congress and President George W. Bush began the process of ending the travel ban. Now President Obama is finishing the process.BARACK OBAMA : “We talk about reduc

41、ing the stigma of this disease, yet we have treated a visitor living with it as a threat. We lead the world when it comes to helping the AIDS pandemic, yet we are only a dozen countries that still bar people H.I.V. from entering our country.”A final rule published Monday will end the travel ban effe

42、ctive January fourth. H.I.V. will no longer be a condition that can exclude people. And H.I.V. testing will no longer for those who need a medical examination for immigration purposes. AIDS has killed more than twenty-five people since the early 1980s.In September, there was news that a vaccine show

43、ed some ability to prevent H.I.V. infection in humans for the first time. The full results of the vaccine study were presented in later October at an international conference in Paris. They were also reported in the New England Journal of Medicine. The researchers confirmed that the study in Thailan

44、d produced only “modest” results.The United States Army sponsored the vaccine trial. The study combined two vaccines, using versions of H.I.V. common in Thailand. Neither vaccine alone had shown success in earlier studies.Thai researchers tested the combination in more than 16, 000 volunteers. Half

45、of the volunteers got the vaccine. The others got a placebo, an inactive substance. All were given condoms and counseling on AIDS prevention for three years. The study found 31 percent fewer cases of infection in the vaccine group than in the placebo group.But critics said the findings could possibl

46、y have resulted from chance. The announcement in September was based on all 16, 000 volunteers. Almost one-third of them, however didnt follow all the required steps in the study. Results just from those who did were similar to the larger group, but the influence of chance is way more of a possibili

47、ty.Still, the researchers said the study produced enough valuable information to offer new hopes for AIDS research.1.According to the article,（ ）did not want people with H. I. V. virus to seek entry to America twenty years ago.2.According to this article, it was（ ）who sponsored that medical experime

48、nt to find vaccine for H. I. V. carriers.3.From the article we can infer that 8,000 volunteers in（ ）were given the vaccine.4.According to the article, which one of the following statements is true?5.According to the critics, the findings of the test（ ）.问题1选项A.George BushB.ObamaC.the CongressD.the Se

49、nate问题2选项A.the Thai GovernmentB.the French GovernmentC.the scientist from New EnglandD.the United States Army问题3选项A.ThailandB.the United States of AmericaC.FranceD.Canada问题4选项A.America was the only country that prevented people with H. I. V. from entering the country.B.Only a few countries refused t

50、o issue entry visa to people with H. I. V.C.The conference held in Paris was on AIDS prevention.D.The vaccine test conducted in Thailand produced important results.问题5选项A.has produced enough valuable informationB.should not be taken seriouslyC.has produced reliable statisticsD.has paved a solid foun

51、dation for further research【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:A第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.事实细节题。根据第一段第二句“The government later tried to cancel, its decision, but congress made the travel ban a part of immigration law.”政府后来试图取消这一规定，但国会将旅行禁令作为移民法的一部分。由此可知，选项C正确。2.事实细节题。根据第六段第一句“The United States Army sponsored the vaccine trial.”

52、美国军方赞助了疫苗试验。由此可知，选项D正确。3.事实细节题。根据第七段的一二句“Thai researchers tested the combination in more than 16, 000 volunteers. Half of the volunteers got the vaccine. The others got a placebo.”泰国研究人员对1.6万多名志愿者进行了测试。一半的志愿者接种了疫苗。另一半则使用安慰剂。由此可知选项A正确。4.是非判断题。根据第三段最后一句“yet we are only a dozen countries that still bar

53、 people H.I.V. from entering our country.”我国（美国）也是仅有的十几个禁止艾滋病人入境的国家之一。由此可知，选项A错误，选项B正确；根据第五段第二句“The full results of the vaccine study were presented in later October at an international conference in Paris.”可知，在巴黎举行的会议是公布研究结果而不是预防艾滋，所以选项C错误；根据第五段最后一句“The researchers confirmed that the study in Thail

54、and produced onlymodestresults.”研究人员证实，在泰国进行的这项研究只产生了“温和”的结果，所以选项D也错误。5.事实细节题。根据倒数第二段第一句“But critics said the findings could possibly have resulted from chance.”批评人士表示，这些发现可能是偶然的。选项B符合原文。20. 单选题Not until the 1980s（ ） in Beijing start to find ways to preserve historic buildings from destruction.问题1选项A.some concerned citizensB.some concerning citizensC.did some concerning citizensD.did some concerned citizens【答案】D【解析】Not until位于句首应使用倒装。句子表示过去发生的事情，所以用一般过去时，借助于助动词did并提前，concerning为介词，也可以看作动名词，表示使担忧，但选项C的表达不符合语法；concerned为形容词，在这里修饰citizens。所以选项D正确。