2022年考博英语-西安建筑科技大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第11期

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1、2022年考博英语-西安建筑科技大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题What he had in mind （ ） to nothing less than a total reversal of the traditional role of the executive.问题1选项A.contributedB.dedicatedC.amountedD.added【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项contribute“贡献；投稿；捐献”；B选项dedicate“致力；献身”；C选项amount“总计；相当于”；D选项add“增加，添加”。句意：他脑子里想的东西完全颠覆

2、了传统意义上的角色执行官。此题应注意题干中的“nothing less than完全是”，可推知“相当于”符合语境，因此C选项正确。2. 单选题The European Commission issued a _ decision on Oct. 29 permitting an alliance between United Airlines, Deutsche Lufthansa and Scandinavian Airlines System that allows them to coordinate prices, schedules and routes in the transa

3、tlantic market. It turned out to be well received.问题1选项A.automaticB.landmarkC.obsoleteD.outgrown【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项“automatic”意为“自动的；无意识的；必然的”；B选项“landmark”意为“有重大意义或影响的”；C选项“obsolete”意为“废弃的；老式的”；D选项“outgrown”意为“过大的”。句意：10月29日，欧盟委员会发布了一项具有里程碑意义的决定，允许美国联合航空公司、德国汉莎航空公司和斯堪的纳维亚航空公司建立联盟，在跨大西洋市场协调价格、航班和航线

4、。结果很受欢迎。由题干可知，decision（决定）后的内容是允许三家不同国家的航空公司建立联盟，并且反响很好，所以可以推测出这个决定具有重大意义和影响。因此B选项符合题意。3. 单选题New mineral resources may be discovered during the forthcoming Antarctic（ ）.问题1选项A.excursionB.executionC.extractionD.expedition【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项excursion“远足；短程旅行；游览”；B选项execution“执行；完成；死刑”；C选项extraction“取出

5、；拔出；抽出物”；D选项expedition“探险；探险队；考察”。句意：新的矿产资源可能在即将来临的南极探险期间被发现。根据句中“Antarctic南极的”可知“探险”符合语境，因此D选项正确。4. 单选题Your help is（ ）for the success of the project.问题1选项A.indispensableB.indicativeC.inevitableD.inherent【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项indispensable“不可缺少的；绝对必要的”；B选项indicative“象征的；指示的”；C选项inevitable“必然的，不可避免的”；D

6、选项inherent“内在的；与生俱来的”。句意：你的帮助是这个项目成功不可缺少的。根据句中“the success of the project这个项目成功”可知“不可缺少的”符合语境，因此A选项正确。5. 单选题I couldnt work out why anyone would invent something so boring.问题1选项A.draw upB.bring aboutC.put forwardD.figure out【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。work out“算出；实现；制定出；消耗完；理解；锻炼”；A选项draw up“起草；使靠近”；B选项bring abo

7、ut“引起；带来”；C选项put forward“提出；拿出”；D选项figure out“解决；想出；理解；断定”。句意：我搞不懂为什么会有人发明这么无聊的东西。根据句中“why anyone would invent something so boring为何有人发明如此无聊的一些东西”可知work out在这里的意思应为“理解”，因此D选项正确。6. 单选题British Foreign Secretary Francis Pym has cancelled a visit to Riyadh. Reports from London said the Foreign Office pl

8、ayed down suggestion of a diplomatic （ ） and said only that the dates of Secretary Pyms trip were not convenient in Riyadh.问题1选项A.raftB.raffleC.riftD.riffle【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项raft“筏；救生艇”；B选项raffle“废物，垃圾；抽彩出售”；C选项rift“裂痕；不和”；D选项riffle“浅滩；急流，涟漪”。句意：英国外交大臣弗朗西斯皮姆已取消了去利雅得的访问。来自英国的报道称外交部淡化了一种外交裂痕的暗示，且还称只有

9、外交大臣弗朗西斯皮姆出行的日期在利雅得是不方便的，因此C选项正确。7. 单选题The motion picture originated when a series of still photograph were sliced and viewed in rapid succession to create the illusion of movement and continuity.问题1选项A.reducedB.joinedC.revisedD.titled【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。横线单词sliced意为“切下；把分成部分；将切成薄片”；A选项“reduced”意为“减少；缩小

10、；使处于；把分解”；B选项“joined”意为“参加；结合；连接”；C选项“revised”意为“修正；复习；校订”；D选项“titled”意为“加标题于；赋予头衔；把称为”。句意：电影起源于将一系列静止的照片切成薄片，快速连续地观看，以创造移动和连续性的幻觉。由题干可知，motion picture（电影）最开始是以一系列静止照片的形式观看，可以推测出应该是将这些照片切成薄片，也就是胶片的样子。由此可知，sliced在此处最可能是“将切成薄片”的意思，四个选项中reduced具有“缩小，分解”的意思，与此相近。因此A选项符合题意。8. 单选题Professor Smith and Profe

11、ssor Brown will（ ）in giving the class lectures.问题1选项A.exchangeB.alterC.shiftD.alternate【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项exchange“交换；交易；兑换”；B选项alter“改变；变更”；C选项shift“转移；改变；替换”；D选项alternate“交替；轮流”。句意：史密斯教授和布朗教授将轮流给这个班级讲课。根据句中“giving the class lectures给这个班级讲课”可知“轮流”符合语境，因此D选项正确。9. 单选题There are a few small things that

12、 I dont like about my job, but（ ）its very enjoyable.问题1选项A.all at onceB.once and for allC.so much asD.by and large【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项all at once“突然”；B选项once and for all“一劳永逸地；彻底地；最后一次”；C选项so much as“甚至于；连都不”；D选项by and large“大体上，总的来说”。句意：虽然工作上的一些小事情让我讨厌，但是总的来说它是非常令人愉快的。由题干中的“a few small things一些小事情”和

13、表示转折的“but”可知“by and large总的来说”符合语境，因此D选项正确。10. 不定项选择题An invisible border divides those arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students career prospects and those arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical educational reform.Very few writers on the subject

14、have explored this （1）indeed, contradiction which goes to the heart of what is wrong with the （2） to put computers in the classroom. An education that aims at getting a student a certain kind of job is a/an （3） education Justified for reasons radically different from why education is （4） required by

15、 law. It is not simply to （5） everyones job prospects that all children are legally （6） to attend school into their teens. Rather, we have a certain （7） of the American citizen, a character who is （8） if he cannot competently assess（9） his livelihood and happiness are affected by things （10） of hims

16、elf.But this was not always the case, before it was legally required for all children to attend school until a certain（11）, it was widely accepted that some were just not equipped （12） nature to pursue this kind of education. With optimism characteristic of all industrialized countries, we came to a

17、ccept that everyone is （13） to be educated. Computer-education advocates （14） this optimistic notion for a pessimism that （15） their otherwise cheery outlook.（16）on the confusion between educational and vocational reasons for bringing computers into schools, computer-education advocates often（17） th

18、e job prospects of graduates over their educational（18）.There are some good arguments for a technical education given the right kind of student. Many European schools （19） the concept of professional training early on in order to make sure children are（20） equipped for the professions they want to j

19、oin.问题1选项A.distinctionB.topicC.separationD.education问题2选项A.campaignB.practiceC.actionD.goal问题3选项A.informalB.basicC.technicalD.expensive问题4选项A.differentlyB.universallyC.converselyD.regularly问题5选项A.formB.consistC.ariseD.raise问题6选项A.orderedB.inquiredC.requiredD.acquired问题7选项A.conceptionB.informationC.t

20、hemeD.imagination问题8选项A.completeB.accomplishedC.incompleteD.improper问题9选项A.whyB.whatC.whereD.how问题10选项A.insideB.outsideC.besideD.aside问题11选项A.yearB.ageC.dayD.extent问题12选项A.inB.atC.byD.with问题13选项A.fitB.responsibleC.suitableD.able问题14选项A.considerB.forgetC.forsakeD.foretell问题15选项A.believesB.becomesC.be

21、arsD.betrays问题16选项A.EncounteringB.BankingC.DevisingD.Seeking问题17选项A.emphasizeB.encourageC.engageD.enlarge问题18选项A.academyB.positionC.degreeD.achievement问题19选项A.interactB.introduceC.announceD.invent问题20选项A.traditionallyB.drasticallyC.properlyD.hardly【答案】第1题:A第2题:A第3题:C第4题:B第5题:D第6题:C第7题:A第8题:C第9题:D第10

22、题:B第11题:B第12题:C第13题:A第14题:C第15题:D第16题:B第17题:A第18题:D第19题:B第20题:C【解析】第1题:考查名词辨析和上下文语义。A选项“distinction”意为“区别；差别；特性；荣誉”；B选项“topic”意为“主题；题目；一般规则”；C选项“separation”意为“分离，分开；间隔”；D选项“education”意为“教育；培养；教育学”。句意：很少有这方面的作者探讨过这种区别。上文说到An invisible border divides those arguing forand those arguing for（一个无形的界限划分了两种

23、争辩），所以此处应该是指这两种争辩的区别。四个选项中distinction“区别；差别”符合语境。因此A选项符合题意。第2题:考查名词辨析。A选项“campaign”意为“运动；活动；战役”，一般指以争取公众支持为目的，进而获得职位、社会认可等的文宣、演说及游说活动；B选项“practice”意为“实践；练习；惯例”；C选项“action”意为“行动；活动；功能”，一般指较长的复杂的行为；D选项“goal”意为“目标；球门，得分数；终点”。句意：但是，这一问题恰恰是主张计算机课堂教学这一运动的症结之所在。由后文可知，to put computers in the classroom（把电脑放在

24、教室里），说明横线处指的就是主张把电脑放进教室的这场运动，这里指的是一种以争取公众支持为目的的活动。因此A选项符合题意。第3题:考查形容词辨析和上下文语义。A选项“informal”，意为“非正式的；不拘礼节的；随便的；通俗的”；B选项“basic”，意为“基本的；基础的”；C选项“technical”，意为“工艺的，科技的；技术上的；专门的”；D选项“expensive”意为“昂贵的；花钱的”。句意：旨在使学生获得某种工作的教育叫作技术教育。前文说到，An education that aims at getting a student a certain kind of job（旨在使学生

25、获得某种工作的教育），说明此处指的是职业教育，也就是学习特定的技术以方便将来就业。因此C选项正确。第4题:考查副词辨析。A选项“differently”，意为“不同地；差异；各种”；B选项“universally”，意为“普遍地；人人；到处”；C选项“conversely”，意为“相反地；反之”；D选项“regularly”意为“定期地；有规律地；整齐地；匀称地”。句意：教育普遍地被法律要求。横线前说到，education（教育）横线后是required by law（法律要求），由常识可知教育是由法律普遍要求的，具有普遍性，所有人适用。因此B选项正确。第5题:考查动词辨析和上下文语义。A选项

26、“form”，意为“构成，组成；组织；塑造”；B选项“consist”，意为“由组成；在于；符合”；C选项“arise”，意为“出现；上升；起立”，是不及物动词，其后不能直接跟宾语；D选项“raise”意为“提高；筹集；养育；升起；饲养，种植”，是及物动词，多指把某物从低处升到高处，有时作引申用。句意：提升所有人的工作前景。横线后说到，everyones job prospects（所有人的工作前景），可推测出此处是提升工作前景的意思。因此D选项正确。第6题:考查动词辨析和上下文语义。A选项“ordered”，意为“命令；整理；订购”；B选项“inquired”，意为“询问；查究；问明”；C选

27、项“required”，意为“需要；要求；命令”；D选项“acquired”意为“获得；取得；学到；捕获”。句意：法律规定所有的孩子在十几岁时都必须上学。由前文可知，education is universally required by law（教育由法律普遍要求），横线前legally（合法地；法律上）也是指法律上，可推测出此处用的动词是require。因此C选项正确。第7题:考查名词辨析和上下文语义。A选项“conception”意为“怀孕；概念；设想；开始”；B选项“information”意为“信息，资料；知识；情报”；C选项“theme”意为“主题；主旋律；题目”；D选项“imag

28、ination”意为“想象力；空想；幻想物”。句意：我们更应该具有的是作为美国公民的某种观念。横线后of the American citizen, a character who（美国公民的，一个人他），由此可推测出横线处是观念的意思，a character who就是对某种美国公民观念进行解释。因此A选项符合题意。第8题:考查形容词辨析和上下文语义。A选项“complete”意为“完整的；完全的；彻底的”；B选项“accomplished”意为“完成的；熟练的；有修养的”；C选项“incomplete”意为“不完全的；不完备的”；D选项“improper”意为“不正确的，错误的；不适当的；

29、不合礼仪的”。句意：如果他不能准确判断自身的生活，他的公民特征就是不完整的。横线后if he cannot competently assess his livelihood（如果他不能准确判断自身的生活），由此可推测出一个人如果不能判断自己的生活，那么他作为公民的特征就是不完整的。因此C选项符合题意。第9题:考查从属连词。由题干可知，横线引导assess后的宾语从句，并在从句中作方式状语。A选项“why”意为“为什么”，引导原因状语；B选项“what”意为“什么；多么；多少”，引导宾语从句时，不在从句中充当状语；C选项“where”意为“在哪里”，引导地点状语；D选项“how”意为“如何”，

30、引导方式状语。句意：如果他不能准确地评估他的生活和幸福是如何受到事物的影响。横线后his livelihood and happiness are affected by things（他的生活和幸福受到事物的影响），由此可推测出这里指评估他的生活和幸福是如何被影响。因此D选项符合题意。第10题:考查介词辨析。A选项“inside”意为“在里面；在心里；在时间内”；B选项“outside”意为“在外面；在范围之外”；C选项“beside”意为“在旁边；与相比；紧靠”；D选项“aside”意为“在旁边”。句意：如果他不能准确地评估他的生活和幸福是如何受到外界事物的影响。横线前things（事物）

31、横线后of himself（他自己），由此可推测出这里指他的生活和幸福是被他自己内心影响还是外界事物影响，前文提到的都是法律等外界事物的影响，所以此处应该是指外界事物，即outside of himself。因此B选项符合题意。第11题:考查名词辨析和上下文语义。A选项“year”意为“年；年度；历年；年纪”；B选项“age”意为“年龄；时代；寿命，使用年限；阶段”；C选项“day”意为“一天；时期；白昼”；D选项“extent”意为“程度；范围；长度”。句意：但是情况并不总是如此；在法律要求所有儿童必须上学至一定年龄之前。前文说到attend school into their teens（

32、上学到青春期结束），teens就是特定的年龄，由此可推测此处指特定年龄。因此B选项符合题意。第12题:考查介词辨析。A选项“in”意为“在内；在期间；在以后；穿着；在方面；用语言；按照（表示方式）”；B选项“at”意为“在（表示存在或出现的地点、场所、位置、空间）；在岁时；在远；以（某种价格、速度等）”；C选项“by”意为“由，被；通过；到之前；在旁边”，可指动作的实施者；D选项“with”意为“和在一起；具有；用（表示使用工具或器具）；反对；包括”。横线前it was widely accepted that some were just not equipped（人们普遍认为，有些人就是没

33、有被赋予）和横线后nature（自然），由此可推测出这里指有些人没有被自然赋予某种能力，自然就是赋予这个动作的实施者。因此C选项符合题意。第13题:考查形容词辨析和固定搭配。A选项“fit”，be fit to意为“适合做某事”，后接动词原形，指在质量、素质、技能等方面适合做某事；B选项“responsible”没有be responsible to的短语，一般是be responsible for sth.意为“对某事负责”；C选项“suitable”，be suitable to的短语意为“适合、适应于”后接名词；D选项“able”，be able to意为“有能力做某事”。句意：随着工业

34、化给国家带来的特有乐观精神，我们已经接受人人都适合受教育的观念。横线后to be educated（被教育），教育涉及到人的素质技能，由此可推测出这里指人们在素质技能方面适合接受教育。因此A选项符合题意。第14题:考查动词辨析和上下文语义。A选项“consider”意为“考虑；认为；细想”；B选项“forget”意为“忘记；忽略”；C选项“forsake”意为“放弃；断念”；D选项“foretell”意为“预言；预示；预告”。句意：倡导计算机教育的人抛弃了这一乐观理念，取而代之的是与他们乐观外表相悖的悲观论调。横线后optimistic notion（乐观理念）与for a pessimism

35、（为了悲观论调）明显是相反的，由此可推测出倡导计算机教育的人为了悲观论调放弃了乐观理念。因此C选项符合题意。第15题:考查动词辨析。A选项“believes”意为“相信；认为；信任”；B选项“becomes”意为“成为；变得；适合；相称”；C选项“bears”意为“忍受；承担；生孩子；结果实；携带”；D选项“betrays”意为“背叛；出卖；泄露（秘密）”。句意：取而代之的是与他们乐观外表相悖的悲观论调。横线前a pessimism（悲观论调）与横线后cheery outlook（乐观外表）明显是相悖的，所以相对应的动词是betray。因此D选项符合题意。第16题:考查动词辨析和固定搭配。A选

36、项“Encountering”意为“遭遇；邂逅；遇到”，其后一般不接介词on而是with；B选项“Banking”意为“将存入银行；倾斜转弯”，bank on意为“指望；依赖”；C选项“Devising”意为“设计；想出；发明；图谋”，一般不与on搭配；D选项“Seeking”意为“寻求；寻找；探索；搜索”，其后一般不接on，接介词to、out、for。句意：基于将计算机引入课堂的“教育理由”和“谋职理由”的混淆。因此B选项符合题意。第17题:考查动词辨析。A选项“emphasize”意为“强调，着重”；B选项“encourage”意为“鼓励，怂恿；激励；支持”；C选项“engage”意为“占

37、用；使参加；雇佣；使订婚；预定”；D选项“enlarge”意为“扩大；放大；详述”。句意：主张计算机教育的人常常只强调毕业生的就业前景，而忽略了他们的教育成就。横线后job prospects（就业前景）和their educational（他们的教育），就业和教育是两个方面，over说明主张计算机教育的人重视就业前景多过教育。因此A选项符合题意。第18题:考查名词辨析。A选项“academy”意为“学院；研究院；学会；专科院校”；B选项“position”意为“位置，方位；职位，工作；姿态”；C选项“degree”意为“程度，等级；度；学位”；D选项“achievement”意为“成就；完成

38、；达到；成绩”。句意：主张计算机教育的人常常只强调毕业生的就业前景，而忽略了他们的教育成就。由前文可知，将计算机引入课堂是基于教育理由和谋职理由，谋职理由对应job prospects（就业前景），那么教育理由就对应毕业生所取得的教育成就。因此D选项符合题意。第19题:考查动词辨析。A选项“interact”意为“互相影响；互相作用”；B选项“introduce”意为“介绍；引进；提出；采用”；C选项“announce”意为“宣布；述说；预示；播报”；D选项“invent”意为“发明；创造；虚构”。句意：许多欧洲学校很早就引入了职业培训的概念。横线后是the concept of profes

39、sional training（职业培训的概念），此处指很多欧洲学校引入了这个概念，并不指他们发明了这个概念。因此B选项符合题意。第20题:考查副词辨析。A选项“traditionally”意为“传统上；习惯上；传说上”；B选项“drastically”意为“彻底地；激烈地”；C选项“properly”意为“适当地；正确地；恰当地”；D选项“hardly”意为“几乎不，简直不；刚刚”。句意：以确保儿童适当具备欲从事的职业所需的技能。横线前后是children（儿童）与equipped（具备），此处指确保儿童能适当、恰当地具备一些工作所需的技能。因此C选项符合题意。11. 单选题Stressfu

40、l environment leads to unhealthy behaviors such as poor eating habits, which _ increase the risk of high blood pressure and heart disease.问题1选项A.in turnB.by chanceC.by fortuneD.in case【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项“in turn”意为“反过来；转而；轮流”；B选项“by chance”意为“偶然；意外地”；C选项“by fortune”意为“由于幸运”；D选项“in case”意为“万一；假使”。句意：

41、压力大的环境会导致不健康的行为，如不良的饮食习惯，而这些行为反过来增加了患高血压和心脏病的风险。由题干可知，unhealthy behaviors（不健康的行为）是由压力大的环境导致的，但它反过来又导致了high blood pressure and heart disease（高血压和心脏病）。因此A选项符合题意。12. 翻译题Directions: Translate the following passage into English and write your translation on the Answer Sheet II.文化的多样性是人类文明最本质的特征，尊重不同文化的独立

42、与发展，加强文化交流与合作，是维护世界文化多样性的重要前提。在全球化的时代，人类面临着许多共同的问题，都需要通过广泛的文化沟通与合作来寻求答案，中国提倡充分尊重各国的文化传统，社会制度、发展道路，倡导开放兼容的文化观，也真诚地愿意通过与各国广泛开展合作，借鉴各种文明之长，推动建设一个持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界。【答案】Cultural diversity is the most essential characteristics of human civilization, to respect the independence and development of a different

43、culture and strengthen cultural exchanges and cooperation is important preconditions for the maintenance of world cultural diversity. In the era of globalization, mankind is faced with many common problems and all need to seek the answer through extensive cultural communication and cooperation, Chin

44、a advocates a full respect for each countrys cultural tradition, social system and development path and call for open and compatible cultural view, and also is sincerely willing to promote to build a harmonious world of lasting peace and common prosperity through extensive cooperation with other cou

45、ntries and drawing on the strengths of the various kinds of civilization.13. 单选题Next semester, Susan must take three compulsory courses.问题1选项A.formalB.voluntaryC.practicalD.required【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。compulsory“义务的；必修的；被强制的”；A选项formal“正式的；拘谨的；有条理的”；B选项voluntary“自愿的；故意的”；C选项practical“实际的；实用性的”；D选项requi

46、red“必需的；必修的”。句意：下学期，苏珊必须修三门必修课。根据句中“courses课程”可知compulsory在这里的意思为“必修的”，因此D选项正确。14. 单选题From 1965 to 1978 American consumer prices increased at an average annual rate of 5.7 percent. This ominous shift was followed by consumer price gains of 13.3 percent in 1979.问题1选项A.promisingB.overwhelmingC.threate

47、ningD.astonishing【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。ominous“预兆的；不吉利的”；A选项promising“有希望的，有前途的”；B选项overwhelming“压倒性的；势不可挡的”；C选项threatening“危险的；胁迫的；凶兆的”；D选项astonishing“惊人的；令人惊讶的”。句意：从1965年到1978年，美国消费者价格平均每年增长5.7%。这种不吉利的转变之后，1979年消费者价格上涨了13.3%。“ominous”本身就有“不吉利的”的意思，因此C选项正确。15. 不定项选择题One fact was clearly demonstrated by

48、the early sleep researchers: one part of the night is not just like another. As scientists began to compare the records of volunteers, they observed that human sleep follows a rhythmic schedule; they noted that not only was this schedule much the same in healthy person of the same age with similar h

49、abits but, from night to night, each individual had an EEG record almost as consistent as a signature.Sleep and wakefulness, once considered to be the light and dark of consciousness, no longer seem to differ so sharply. To sleep does not mean to drown in an ocean of darkness. Actually, sleep is not

50、 a unitary state; it involves many shades or degrees of detachment from the surrounding world. Sleep is made up of separate stages of light and deeper slumber. Typically, only during the first hours of sleep does a person reach the stage of the deepest slumber, the rest of them is spent drifting bet

51、ween the other lighter stages in specific patterns, all night long a person drifts down and up through different levels of consciousness, as if on waves. While sleep may feel like a blanket of darkness punctuated by dreams a time when the mind is asleep nothing could be less true. With laboratory me

52、thods, researches have been able to chart the typical stages of the journey into sleep.The journey starts while the subject is still awake but beginning to relax; his brain waves, which have been low, rapid, and irregular, begin to show a new pattern; this new pattern, which is known as alpha rhythm

53、, is an even electrical pulsation of about 9 to 12 cycles per second. Most people do not know what the alpha state feels like, but during the last few years researchers have been able to teach subjects how to recognize and learn to sustain their alpha rhythm.When their EEG shows an alpha rhythm, the

54、 subjects are notified, either by a sound or by the appearance of a color on a screen. Because the alpha state tends to be relaxed, the ability to sustain it can help tense people ease their passage into sleep. A moment of tension, a loud noise, an attempt to solve a problem, however, and the alpha

55、rhythm may vanish.As the subject passes through the gates of the unconscious, his alpha waves grow smaller, and his eyes roll very slowly. For a moment, he may wake up during this early part of the descent, alerted by sudden spasm that causes his body to jerk. Like the brain waves, this spasm is a s

56、ign of neural changes within. Known as the myoclonic jerk, it is cause by a brief burst of activity in the brain. The myoclonic jerk is normal in all human sleep, it is gone in a fraction of a second, after which the descent continues, the subject has not felt this peculiar transformation, but now h

57、e is said to be truly asleep.1. The sentence “each individual had an EEG record almost consistent as a signature” means （ ）.2. In the second paragraph, the author describes that （ ）.3. The word “unitary” in the second paragraph means （ ）.4. When can we say that a person is asleep?5. We can infer fro

58、m the passage that the “alpha rhythm” is（ ）.问题1选项A.each individual had quite different EEG record like their personalized signatureB.each individual had almost the same EEG record as his signatureC.the EEG record of each individual may be contradictory to one anotherD.the EEG record of each individu

59、al may be changed from one another问题2选项A.sleep and wakefulness are different because of completely different levels of consciousnessB.sleep is a quiet stateC.sleep makes one drown in an ocean of darknessD.sleep involves different levels of consciousness问题3选项A.complexB.uniqueC.singleD.simple问题4选项A.Wh

60、en there are no dreams.B.Before he wakes.C.After the myoclonic is finished.D.After the alpha rhythm descents.问题5选项A.sustainableB.rapidC.irregularD.myoclonic【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C第4题:C第5题:B【解析】第1题:细节事实题。由题干定位到文章第一段中“from night to night, each individual had an EEG record almost as consistent as a signatu

61、re每个人每晚的脑电图记录几乎和签名一样一致”知B项与原文相符。A项“每个人都有完全不同的脑电图记录，就像他们的个性化签名一样”，与原文不符；B项“每个人的脑电图记录几乎如其签名样一致”；C项“每个人的脑电图记录可能相互矛盾”，与原文不符；D项“每个人的脑电图记录可能相互改变”，与原文不符，因此B选项正确。第2题:细节事实题。由文章第二段内容可知D项与原文相符。A项“睡眠和清醒是不同的，因为意识的层次完全不同”，与原文不符；B项“睡眠是一种安静的状态”，与原文不符；C项“睡眠使人淹没在黑暗的海洋中”，与原文不符；D项“睡眠涉及不同层次的意识”，因此D选项正确。第3题:词汇题。由题干定位到文章第二段中“Sleep is made up of separate stages of light and deeper slumber. 睡眠由不同的浅的和更深的睡眠构成”，可推知unitary有“单一的”的意思。A项“复杂的”；B项“独特的”；C项“单一的”；D项“简单的”，因此C选项正确。第4题:细节事实题。由题干定位到文章最后一段中“The myoclonic je