2022年考博英语-河北农业大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第68期

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1、2022年考博英语-河北农业大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题Researchers produced evidence to support what most of us already knewthat a cup of tea is the answer to any crisis.Dr. Malcolm Cross, a psychologist at City University London, tested the anxiety levels of a group of people following a （1） situation and reve

2、aled that even a single cup of tea has a （2） calming effect. His team gave 42 volunteers a mental arithmetic exam and （3） offered half of them a cup of tea and the other half a glass of water. The water groups anxiety levels soared （4） 25 percent compared with before the task, （5） the tea group actu

3、ally reported a four percent reduction in anxietydespite the difficult test, they were relaxed than when they stared.According to a survey carried out for the research, 68 percent of Britons （6） tea in a dilemma, making it the nations most common response to trouble of （7） kind. About 60percent said

4、 the promise of comfort and warmth was the main reason for putting the kettle on. “The （8） of making and drinking teaparticularly during times of stressis at the very （9） of British culture,” Cross said.This study shows that the social psychological （10） of tea enhance the effects of its chemical ma

5、ke-up on our bodies and brains.问题1选项A.light-heartedB.seriousC.comfortableD.stressful问题2选项A.significantB.rigorousC.severeD.selective问题3选项A.previouslyB.afterwardsC.besidesD.lately问题4选项A.onB.inC.byD.at问题5选项A.whileB.howeverC.meanwhileD.nevertheless问题6选项A.give upB.owe toC.look onD.turn to问题7选项A.whichever

6、B.whateverC.howeverD.whoever问题8选项A.ceremonyB.functionC.ritualD.observance问题9选项A.beginningB.momentC.endD.core问题10选项A.aspectsB.facesC.sitesD.ways【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C第5题:A第6题:D第7题:B第8题:C第9题:D第10题:A【解析】1.考查形容词辨析。A选项light-hearted“轻松的”；B选项serious“严肃的”；C选项comfortable“惬意的”；D选项stressful“紧张的，有压力的”。句意：伦敦城市

7、大学的心理学家马尔科姆克罗斯博士测试了一组人在_情况下的焦虑水平，发现即使是一杯茶也有镇静作用。根据语境，需要镇静的情况只有当人处于紧张的状态，所以stressful“紧张的，有压力的”符合题意。因此D选项正确。2.考查形容词辨析。A选项significant“有效的”；B选项rigorous“严密的”；C选项severe“严峻的；剧烈的”；D选项selective“有选择性的”。句意：发现即使是一杯茶也有_的镇静作用。根据语境，significant“有效的”形容effect“作用”比较合理，符合题意。因此A选项正确。3.考查词义辨析。A选项previously“预先”；B选项afterwa

8、rds“然后”；C选项besides“以及”；D选项lately“近来”。句意：他的团队给42名志愿者进行了心算测试，_给其中一半人一杯茶，另一半人一杯水。根据语境和横线前面的and得知是先做测试再给水或茶，所以afterwards“然后”符合题意。因此B选项正确。4.考查固定搭配。A选项soar on非固定搭配；B选项soar in非固定搭配；C选项soar by“激增了”；D选项“激增到”。句意：与任务前相比，喝水对比组的焦虑水平飙升_25%。根据下文the tea group actually reported a four percent reduction in anxiety（喝茶

9、对比组的焦虑感实际上减少了4%），可知这里在对喝水对比组和喝茶对比组的结果进行说明，可推测结果在内容方面一致，所以soar by“激增了”符合题意。因此C选项正确。5.考查语法。句意：_喝茶对比组的焦虑感实际上减少了4%。4个选项意思都为然而。A选项while引导从句；B选项however，C选项meanwhile和D选项nevertheless后面紧跟逗号，横线后面为完整的从句，所以A选项while符合题意。因此A选项正确。6.考查词组辨析。A选项give up“放弃”；B选项owe to“由于”；C选项look on“看待”；D选项turn to“求助于”。句意：这项调查显示，68%的英国

10、人在遇到两难困境时会_喝茶，这使得喝茶成为英国人面对麻烦时最普遍的应对方式。根据语境，这里指人们选择通过喝茶帮助自己脱离那个焦虑的困境，所以turn to“求助于”符合题意。因此D选项正确。7.考查代词辨析。A选项whichever“无论哪个”；B选项whatever“无论什么”；C选项however“无论如何”；D选项whoever“无论是谁”。句意：这项调查显示，68%的英国人在遇到两难困境时会求助于喝茶，这使得喝茶成为英国人面对_种类的麻烦时最普遍的应对方式。根据语境，这里指无论遇到什么麻烦，人们选择喝茶，所以whatever“无论什么”比较符合题意。因此B选项正确。8.考查形容词辨析。

11、A选项ceremony“（公共或宗教的）典礼；（正式或传统的）礼节”；B选项function“盛大的集会”；C选项ritual“习惯；（尤指）宗教仪式”；D选项observance“宗教（或传统节日）的仪式”。句意：泡茶和喝茶的_尤其是在压力大的时候。根据语境，在压力大的时候喝茶是一种习惯，所以ritual“习惯”符合题意。因此C选项正确。9.考查形容词辨析。A选项beginning“开始”；B选项moment“时刻”；C选项end“结束”；D选项core“核心”。句意：泡茶和喝茶的习惯尤其是在压力大的时候是英国文化的_。根据语境，这里指喝茶是英国文化中不容忽视的一部分，所以core“核心”符

12、合题意。因此D选项正确。10.考查形容词辨析。A选项aspects“方面”；B选项faces“表面；面部”；C选项sites“地点”；D选项ways“方法”。句意：这项研究表明，茶在社会心理_增强了其化学成分对我们身体和大脑的影响。根据语境，这里是指从社会心理的角度来说，茶对我们的影响更大了，所以aspects“方面”符合题意。因此A选项正确。2. 单选题Its cloudy outside. Please take an umbrella._.问题1选项A.Yes, take it easy.B.Well, it just depends.C.OK. Just in ease.D.All r

13、ight, youre welcome.【答案】C【解析】考查句意理解。句意：外面多云，请带伞。_。所以回答应该是：好的，为了以防万一。A项“是的，慢慢来”；B项“仅仅取决于”；D项“不客气”。根据句意选C。3. 单选题Allow children the space to voice their opinions_they are different from your own.问题1选项A.untilB.even ifC.unlessD.as though【答案】B【解析】考查词义辨析。A项“直到”；B项“尽管”；C项“除非”；D项“似乎”；句意：允许孩子有发言的空间，尽管他们的意见和你自

14、己的有所不同。因此选B。4. 单选题_makes men different from the other animals is that they can think and speak.问题1选项A.ThatB.The thingC.AllD.What【答案】D【解析】考查主语从句。题干中what从句是整个句子的主语，故后面的动词为is。B项all和C项the things少了作主语的关系代词（that），在定语从句中，做主语的关系代词是不能省略的，只有作宾语的关系代词能省略，所以B，C两项错误。5. 单选题During recovery periods these systems bui

15、ld to greater levels to _ for the stress that you have applied.问题1选项A.commenceB.compromiseC.compensateD.compliment【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项commence“开始；着手”；B选项compromise“妥协；折中”；C选项compensate“补偿；抵消”；D选项compliment“恭维；问候”。句意：在恢复期，这些系统建立到更高的水平来_你施加的压力。根据语境，C选项compensate“抵消”搭配stress“压力”比较合理，意思指系统因为水平提升，从而可以抵消压力

16、。因此C选项正确。6. 单选题Some materials will conduct heat better than others. These materials are said _good conductors.问题1选项A.to beB.areC.having beenD.being【答案】A【解析】考查动词用法。said后接不定式，said to be“被认为”。句意：有些材料导热比其他材料好，这些材料被叫作热的良导体。所以选A。7. 翻译题1. To produce the same amount of electricity, China consumes four times

17、 as much energy as the world average. Since the outset of this century, increasing productivity while conserving energy has been one of the utmost concerns of the Chinese government.2. In the world of tomorrow, managers cannot be technologically illiterate regardless of their functional tasks within

18、 the firm. They dont have to be scientists or engineers inventing new technologies, but they have to be managers who understand when to bet and when not to bet on new technologies.3. If managers dont understand what is going on and technology effectively becomes a black box, they will fail to make t

19、he changes. They will be losers, not winners.4. Even if you know the answer to a childs question, resist the impulse to respond quickly. leaving no opening for discussion. That reinforces the misconception that science is merely a set of facts stored in the heads of adults.5. Science is about explai

20、ning. Science is not just facts but the meaning that people give to theby weaving information into a story about how nature probably operates.【答案】1.为了产生等量的电流，中国的能源消耗是世界平均水平的四倍。从本世纪的开端起，提高生产率同时节约能源，这已经成为中国政府最关心的事情之一。2.在将来的世界里，不管管理者在公司有什么职位任务，他们都不能是技术文盲。他们没必要是发明新技术的科学家或工程师，但是，管理者必须清楚对新技术何时押注。3.如果管理者不清

21、楚怎么回事以及技术能有效地成为“黑匣子”，那么，他们就不会做出改变。这样，他们将成为失败者而不是胜者。4.即使你知道孩子问题的答案，也不要冲动地快速做出回应，要给讨论余留空间。这强化了科学仅是一套储存在成人脑海的事实这一误解。5.科学关乎于解释。科学不仅包含事实，而且包含人们通过将信息编织成个关于自然如何运作的故事而给予它的意义。8. 单选题_ a bomb on the road, the car was stopped.问题1选项A.Having seenB.The driver seeingC.SeeingD.After seeing【答案】B【解析】考查独立主格结构。句意：司机看到炸弹

22、之后，把车停了下来。根据句子主语是car，结合独立主格部分有动词see，确定前面一部分有driver，根据司机看是主动，确定用主动形式，所以B选项The driver seeing符合题意。因此B选项正确。9. 单选题Seldom _ any mistakes during my past five years of service here.问题1选项A.did I makeB.should I makeC.I would makeD.would I make【答案】A【解析】考查部分倒装。句意：在服务这里的过去五年里，我很少出错。句首为半否定的词语用部分倒装，根据动词短语make mist

23、akes确定用助动词，根据past five years确定用过去时态，所以A选项did I make符合题意。因此A选项正确。10. 翻译题航天是当今世界最具挑战性和广泛带动性的高科技领域之一，航天活动深刻改变了人类对宇宙的认知，为人类社会进步提供了重要动力。当前，越来越多的国家，包括广大发展中国家将发展航天作为重要战略选择，世界航天活动呈现蓬勃发展的景象。【答案】Space activities make up one of the most challenging high-tech fields which exert enormous impact on other fields.

24、Space activities have greatly improved mans knowledge of space, and provide an important driving force for social progress. At present, more and more countries, including the vast number of developing ones, regard space development as an important strategic choice. Thus, space activities around the

25、world are flourishing.11. 单选题He thought that he might be able to avoid paying some of his taxes by taking advantages of the _ in the law.问题1选项A.circleB.misunderstandingC.exceptionD.loop holes【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项circle“周期”；B选项misunderstanding“误解”；C选项exception“例外；异议”；D选项loop holes“漏洞”。句意：他认为他也许可以利用法律上的

26、_来逃避缴纳一些税款。根据语境，这里是指钻法律的空子避税，D选项loop holes“漏洞”符合题意。因此D选项正确。12. 单选题In general, the amount that a student spends for housing should be held to one-fifth of the total _ for living expenses.问题1选项A.acceptableB.advisableC.availableD.applicable【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项acceptable“可接受的”；B选项advisable“可取的”；C选项avail

27、able“可获得的”；D选项applicable“适用的”。句意：一般来说，学生在住房上的开销应该占总共_开销的五分之一。根据语境，这里指的是在所拥有的开销中，住房占五分之一，available“可获得的”符合题意。因此C选项正确。13. 单选题The story was said to _ on the information from a reliable source.问题1选项A.being basedB.have been basedC.baseD.be based【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。句意：据说这篇报道所依据的消息来源可靠。根据谓语动词was确定事情已经发生，根据be b

28、ased on确定保留be动词，确定用被动语态。结合be said to加完语态被动式表示动作已发生并且是被动语态，所以B选项have been based正确。14. 单选题We must improve the farming method _ we may get high yields.问题1选项A.thereforeB.as.C.in order thatD.if【答案】C【解析】考查词义辨析。A选项therefore“所以”，副词，修饰动词，后面不接句子；B选项as“因为”，连词，后面加句子；C选项in order that“为了；以便”，后面加从句；D选项if“如果”，连词，后面

29、加句子。句意：_获得高产量，我们必须改进耕作方法。根据语境，这里提高产量是目的，C选项in order that“为了；以便”符合题意。因此C选项正确。15. 单选题All the doctors efforts were _ and the patient soon died.问题1选项A.in tearsB.in vainC.in turnD.in all【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项in tears“流着泪”；B选项in vain“无效”；C选项in turn“轮流；依次；反过来”；D选项in all“总共，合计”。句意：医生的所有努力都是_，病人很快就死了。根据语境，医生的努力

30、没有成功救回病人，in vain“无效”符合题意。因此B选项正确。16. 单选题Reebok executives do not like to hear their stylish athletic shoes called “footwear for yuppies”.They contend that Reebok shoes appeal to diverse market segments, especially now that the company offers basketball and childrens shoes for the under-18 set and wa

31、lking shoes for older customers not interested in aerobics or running. The executives also point out that through recent acquisitions they have added hiking boots, dress and casual shoes, and high-performance athletic footwear to their product lines, all of which should attract new and varied groups

32、 of customers.Still, despite is emphasis on new markets, Reebok plans few changes in the upmarket retailing network that helped push sales to $1 billion annually, ahead of all other sports shoe marketers. Reebok shoes, which are priced from $27 to $85, will continue to be sold only in better special

33、ty, sporting goods, and department stores, in accordance with the companys view that consumers judge the quality of the brand by the quality of its distribution.In the past few years, the Massachusetts-based company has imposed limits on the number of it: distributors (and the number of shoes suppli

34、ed to stores), partly out of necessity. At times the unexpected demand for Reeboks exceeded supply, and the company could barely keep up with orders from the dealers it already had. These fulfillment problems seem to be under control now, but the company is still selective about its distributors. At

35、 present. Reebok shoes are available in about five thousand retail stores in the United States.Reebok has already anticipated that walking shoes will be the next fitness-related crave, replacing aerobics shoes the same way as brightly colored soft leather exercise footwear replaced conventional runn

36、ing shoes. Through product diversification and careful market research. Reebok hopes to avoid the distribution problems Nike came across several years ago, when Nike misjudged the strength of the aerobics shoe craze and was freed to unload huge inventories of running shoes through discount stores.1.

37、 One reason why Reeboks managerial personnel dont like their shoes to be called “footwear for yuppies” is that （ ）.2. Reeboks view that “consumers judge the quality of the brand by the quality of its distribution” (Line 4, Para. 2) implies that （ ）.3. Reebok once had to limit the number of its distr

38、ibutors because （ ）.4. Although the Reebok Company has solved the problem of fulfilling its orders, it （ ）.5. What lesson has Reebok learned from Nikes distribution problems?问题1选项A.they believe that their shoes are popular with people of different age groupsB.new production lines have been added to

39、produce inexpensive shoesC.“yuppies” usually evokes a negative imageD.the term makes people think of prohibitive prices问题2选项A.the quality of a brand is measured by the service quality of the store selling itB.the quality of a product determines the quality of its distributorsC.the popularity of a br

40、and is determined by the stores that sell itD.consumers believe that first-rate products are only sold by high-quality stores问题3选项A.its supply of products fell short of demandB.too many distributors would cut into its profitsC.the reduction of distributors could increase its share of the marketD.it

41、wanted to enhance consumer confidence in its products问题4选项A.does not want to further expand its retailing networkB.still limits the number of shoes supplied to storesC.is still particular about who sells its productsD.still carefully chooses the manufacturers of its products问题5选项A.A company should n

42、ot sell is high quality shoes in discount stores.B.A company should not limit its distribution network.C.A company should do follow-up surveys of its products.D.A company should correctly evaluate the impact of a new crave on the market.【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1. 细节事实题。题干中的“managerial perso

43、nnel”即为第一段的executives，因此可知本题答案在第一段：Reebok executives do not like to hear their stylish athletic shoes called “footwear for yuppies”.（Reebok的高管们不喜欢听到他们的时尚运动鞋被称为“雅皮士鞋”），再由下文的They contend that Reebok shoes appeal to diverse market segments, especially now that the company offers basketball and children

44、s shoes for the under-18 set and walking shoes for older customers not interested in aerobics or running.（他们认为Reebok鞋吸引了不同的细分市场，尤其是现在该公司为18岁以下儿童提供篮球鞋和童鞋，为对有氧运动或跑步不感兴趣的老年客户提供步行鞋），更可知其目标消费是多高层次的，所以A项“他们相信他们的鞋子很受不同年龄段的人的欢迎”正确。B项“增加了新的生产线来生产廉价的鞋子”，C项“雅皮士”通常会引起负面印象，D项“这个词使人们想到了令人望而却步的价格”，均属于无中生有。2.判断推理题。

45、题干引号中是说消费者通过品牌分销的质量来判断品牌的质量，定位到第二段Reebok shoes, which are priced from $27 to $85, will continue to be sold only in better specialty, sporting goods, and department stores, in accordance with the companys view that consumers judge the quality of the brand by the quality of its distribution.（锐步鞋的售价从27

46、美元到85美元不等，按照该公司的观点，消费者通过分销的质量来判断品牌的质量，锐步鞋将继续只在更好的专卖店、体育用品店和百货公司销售），由此可以推断只有D项“消费者认为，一流的产品只有高质量的商店才能销售”符合主旨大意。A项“一个品牌的质量是由销售它的商店的服务质量来衡量的”，文中未提及服务质量，B项“产品的质量决定了分销商的质量”，也是属于无中生有选项，C项“一个品牌的知名度是由销售它的商店决定的”，文中未提及知名度。3. 细节事实题。根据题干中“limit the number of distributions ”定位到第三段 limits on the number of it: dist

47、ributors (and the number of shoes supplied to stores), partly out of necessity. At times the unexpected demand for Reeboks exceeded supply，（对它的数量进行了限制：分销商（以及向商店供应鞋子的数量），部分是出于必要。有时，锐步的意外需求超过了供应），可知对批发商数量的限制主要是因为需求量出乎意料地超过了供应能力。所以A项“它的产品供不应求”完全符合题意。B项“太多的分销商会削减它的利润”，C项“减少分销商可以增加其市场份额”，D项“它希望增强消费者对其产品的

48、信心”，在文中均未提及。4. 细节事实题。定位到第三段倒数第二句These fulfillment problems seem to be under control now, but the company is still selective about its distributors（这些履约问题现在似乎已经得到控制，但该公司仍在选择分销商）。C选项“对谁销售其产品仍很挑剔”与文中第三段倒数第二句相呼应，答案即为该句的复述。A项“不想进一步扩大其零售网络”和B项“仍然限制了向商店供应鞋子的数量”，在文中均未体现，D项“仍然谨慎地选择其产品的制造商”，应该是谨慎选择经销商，故错误。5.

49、判断推理题。依据题干定位到最后一段 Reebok hopes to avoid the distribution problems Nike came across several years ago，when Nike misjudged the strength of the aerobics shoes craze and was forced to unload huge inventories of running shoes through discount stores. （Reebok希望避免几年前Nike遇到的分销问题，当时Nike错误地判断了健身鞋热潮的强度，被迫通过折扣店

50、卸载大量的运动鞋库存），由此可知Nike公司正是由于当时错误地判断了健身鞋的流行强度而导致了running shoes的积压而不得不打折销售，这是因市场预测不准确所导致的，所以D项“公司应该正确地评估新的需求对市场的影响”符合题意。A项“一家公司不应该在折扣店卖高质量的鞋子”，B项“公司不应限制其分销网络”，C项“公司应该对其产品进行跟踪调查”，都是对文意的曲解。17. 单选题I would prefer to spend the weekend at home _.问题1选项A.rather than drive outB.than to drive outC.rather than dro

51、ve outD.to driving out【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。prefer to do rather than do“宁可做而不做”，A选项rather than drive out符合题意。其余选项用法错误。句意：我宁愿在家度周末也不愿开车出去。因此A选项正确。18. 单选题Without your help, _we so much.问题1选项A.didnt achieveB.would not have achievedC.will not achieveD.dont achieve【答案】B【解析】考查虚拟语气。without引出虚拟语气，并且是对过去的事情进行虚拟，所以

52、要用“would have done”。本句的意思是：“如果没有你的帮助，我们不可能取得这么大的成就。”19. 单选题His family had almost forgotten _ like.问题1选项A.how his face wasB.which was his faceC.what his face wasD.that his face was【答案】C【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：他的家人几乎已经忘记了他长的什么样子。根据句型it is like，得出C选项what his face was符合题意。因此C选项正确。20. 单选题_you were busy, I wouldnt have bothered you with my questions.问题1选项A.If realizedB.Had I realizedC.Did I have realized thatD.As I realized【答案】B【解析】考查虚拟语气。虚拟条件句的从句部分含有were, should或had时，可省略if采用倒装句型，将should(would或could)提前。因此正确答案为B。