2022-2023年考博英语-西北大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第5期

《2022-2023年考博英语-西北大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第5期》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022-2023年考博英语-西北大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第5期（19页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、2022-2023年考博英语-西北大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题It has been ten years since I （ ）you last.问题1选项A.seeB.sawC.didnt seeD.havent seen【答案】B【解析】根据last可知这里应该为一般过去时，排除选项A和D；根据句意可知，选项B正确。句意：自从我上次见你到现在已经有十年了。2. 单选题What exactly is a lie? Is it anything we say which we know is untrue? Or is it something more than that? Fo

2、r example, suppose a friend wants to borrow some money from you. You say, I wish I could help you but Im short of money myself. In fact, you are not short of money but your friend is in the habit of not paying his debts and you dont want to hurt his feelings by reminding him of this. Is this really

3、a lie?Professor Jereald Jellison of the University of Southern California has made a scientific study of lying. According to him, women are better liars than men, particularly when telling a white lie, such as when a woman at a party tells another woman that she likes her dress when she really think

4、s it looks awful. However, this is only one side of the story. Other researchers say that men are more likely to tell more serious lies, such as making a promise which they have no intention of fulfilling. This is the kind of lie politicians and businessmen are supposed to be particularly skilled at

5、: the lie from which the liar hopes to profit or gain in some way.Research has also been done into the way of peoples behavior changes in a number of small, apparently unimportant ways when they lie. It has been found that if they are sitting down at the time, they tend to move about in their chairs

6、 more than usual. To the trained observer they are saying “I wish I were somewhere else now”. They also tend to touch certain parts of the face more often, in particular the nose. One explanation of this may be that lying causes a slight increase in blood pressure. The tip of the nose is very sensit

7、ive to such changes and the increased pressure makes it itch（痒）.Another gesture which gives liars away is what the writer Desmond Morris in his book ManWatching calls “the mouth cover”. He says there are several typical forms of this, such as covering part of the mouth with fingers, touching the upp

8、er-lip or putting a finger of the hand at one side of the mouth. Such a gesture can be interpreted as an unconscious attempt on the part of the liar to stop himself or herself from lying.Of course, such gestures as rubbing the nose or covering the mouth, or moving about in a chair cannot be taken as

9、 proof that the speaker is lying. They simply tend to occur more frequently in this situation. It is not one gesture alone that gives the liar away but a whole number of things, and, in particular, the context in which the lie is told.1.One sometimes tells ones friend a “white lie” because one wants

10、 to（ ）.2.One research suggests that women （ ）.3.It can be inferred from the passage that（ ）.4.People may rub their noses when they lie because（ ）.5.It can be learned from the passage that（ ）.问题1选项A.make a profit from the other personB.avoid offending the other personC.convince the other personD.have

11、 some fun问题2选项A.generally life far more than menB.tend to tell more serious lies than menC.make more promises they can fulfill than menD.are better at telling less serious lies than men问题3选项A.politicians tend to tell intentional liesB.men are less skilled at telling liesC.businessmen seldom break th

12、eir promisesD.women tend to make false promises问题4选项A.they suffer from high blood pressure at the timeB.the nose is the most sensitive part of the human bodyC.the nose reveals the liar more easily than the other parts of the faceD.they do so in order to stop themselves from telling more lies问题5选项A.l

13、ies can easily be detected by careful observersB.lies are usually accompanied by strange gesturesC.people are able to tell a lie when they hear others lyingD.a liar may give away his or her intention unconsciously【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:A第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.推理判断题。根据下文的举例：比如一个女士在派对上对另一个女士说，她喜欢她的衣服，而实际上她觉得它看起来很

14、糟糕。由此可推测，这样说是为了避免冒犯他人，选项B正确。2.事实细节题。根据第二段倒数第二句“Other researchers say that men are more likely to tell more serious lies.”其他研究人员表示，男性更有可能说一些更严重的谎言。选项D是对原文的反向表达，意思是一致的，所以正确。3.推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“This is the kind of lie politicians and businessmen are supposed to be particularly skilled at: the lie from wh

15、ich the liar hopes to profit or gain in some way.”这是政客和商人应该特别擅长的谎言：说谎者希望从谎言中获利或在某些方面得到好处。由此可推测，政客们倾向于故意说谎，选项A符合原文。4.事实细节题。根据第三段的最后两句“One explanation of this may be that lying causes a slight increase in blood pressure. The tip of the nose is very sensitive to such changes and the increased pressure

16、makes it itch.”对此的一种解释可能是说谎会导致血压轻微升高。鼻尖对于这种变化非常敏感，血压增加会使它发痒。选项A符合原文。5.推理判断题。本题可采用排除法。选项A和C在文中没有提及；选项B符合原文；选项D无法直接从文中的信息推导出来，所以选项B更恰当。3. 单选题The automobiles exhaust system （ ）foul-smelling fumes.问题1选项A.AttractedB.condensedC.absorbedD.emitted【答案】D【解析】attract 吸引，引起；condense浓缩，凝结；absorb 吸收，使全神贯注；emit 发出，

17、排放，放射。句意：汽车的排气系统排放出难闻的废气。选项D符合句意。4. 单选题1.Scientists have developed a slimming drug that successfully suppresses appetite and results in a dramatic loss of weight without any apparent ill effects.2.In rural America, the year was arranged around the growing season. Now, only 3 percent of families foll

18、ow the agricultural model, but nearly all schools are scheduled as is our children went home early to milk the cows and took months off to work the crops.3.Humor has been well defined as: “Thinking in fun while feeling in earnest”.4.法律真正的意义，是要把一个自由而有理性的人导向正当的意义上去，而不是对此加以限制的。5.然而，研究人员在报告中提醒说，相对于患更严重的

19、疾病的危险来说，这些益处简直微不足道。问题1选项A.科学家们已经研制出了一种减肥药，它能有效地抑制食欲，导致体重显著下降而无任何明显的不良反应。B.科学家们已经开发出了一种减肥药，它能成功地控制食欲，使体重显著下降，同时有明显的不良反应。C.科学家们已经研制出了一种减食疗法的药，它能有效地抑制食欲，导致体重显著 下降而无任何明显的不良反应。问题2选项A.在美国农村，时间是根据生长季节来安排的。现在虽然只有3%的家庭从事农业，但几乎所有的学校的校历安排似乎是我们的孩子们早早回家只是去挤牛奶或是几个月不上学去地里种庄稼。B.在美国农村，一年是根据农时来安排的。现在虽然只有3%的家庭从事农业，但几乎

20、所有的学校的时间安排似乎是我们的孩子们早早回家去挤牛奶或是花上几个月时间去地里种庄稼。C.在美国农村，上学时间是根据农时来决定的。现在虽然只有3%的家庭从事农业，但几乎所有的学校的校历安排似乎是让孩子们早早回家去挤牛奶或是花上几个月时间去地里种庄稼。问题3选项A.幽默被人很好地解释为：“带着认真的情绪滑稽地思考”。B.幽默被人很恰当地解释为：“认真地感觉,不认真地思考”。C.幽默被人很巧妙地诠释为：“一面认真地感觉一面滑稽地思考”。问题4选项A.The real meaning of law is not the limitation as the direction of a free an

21、d intelligent man to his proper interestB.The true notion of law is not so much limited to the direction of a free and intelligent man to his proper interestC.Law, in its true motion, is not so much the limitation as the direction of a free and intelligent man to his proper interest问题5选项A.Researcher

22、s in the study, however, cautioned that such benefits dont outweigh the risk of more serious ailmentsB.However, researchers reminded in the report that such benefits are nothing compared with the risk of more serious ailmentsC.However, researchers cautioned in their report that such benefits dont in

23、dolence a lot comparing to the risk of more serious ailments【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:A第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.首先，“slimming drug”应翻译为减肥药，没有提及减食疗法，所以首先排除选项C；根据“without any apparent ill effects.”可知，应该是没有明显的不良反应，所以选项B错误。选项A翻译最为准确。2.根据句意可知“growing season”不是直译为生长季节，而是指“农时”，所以首先排除选项A；这里的the year指的是“上学时间”，所以选项C最为恰当。3.本题的关

24、键在于对引语的翻译，相比较之下，选项A翻译最为准确。4.本句强调的是“意义”，而不是“法律”，所以首先排除选项C；“真正的”这里用true比较好，real常用来指比较抽象的事物，所以选项B更准确。5.“提醒”在本句中用remind比较口语化，caution更为正式，因为是在报告中进行提醒，因此caution更为恰当；后面包含一个比较，用outweigh言简意赅，最为恰当。所以选项A翻译最精确。5. 单选题I am afraid to sleep. I have been afraid to sleep for the last few weeks. I am so tired that, fi

25、nally, I do sleep, but only for a few minutes, it is not a bad dream that wakes me; it is the reality I took with me into sleep. I try to think of something else. Immediately the woman in the marketplace comes into my mind.I was on my way to dinner last night when I saw her. She was selling skirts.

26、She moved with the same ease and loveliness. I often saw in the women of Laos. Her long black hair was as shiny as the black silk of the skirts she was selling. In her hair, she wore three silk ribbons, blue, green, and white. They reminded me of my childhood and how my girlfriends and I used to spe

27、nd hours braiding ribbons into our hair.I dont know the word for ribbons, so I put my hand to my own hair and, with three fingers against my head, I looked at her ribbons and said Beautiful. She lowered her eyes and said nothing. I wasnt sure if she understood me (I dont speak Laotian very well).I l

28、ooked back down at the skirts. They had designs on them: squares and triangles and circles of pink and green silk. They were very pretty. I decided to buy one of those skirts, and I began to bargain with her over the price. It is the custom to bargain in Asia. In Laos bargaining is done in soft voic

29、es and easy moves with the sort of quiet peacefulness.She smiled, more with her eyes than with her lips. She was pleased by the few words I was able to say in her language, although they were mostly numbers, and she saw that I understood something about the soft playfulness of bargaining. We shook o

30、ur heads in disagreement over theprice; then, immediately, we made another offer and then another shake of the head. She was so pleased that unexpectedly, she accepted the last offer I made. But it was too soon. The price was too low. She was being too generous and wouldnt make enough money. I moved

31、 quickly and picked up two more skirts and paid for all three at the price set; that way I was able to pay her three times as much before she had a chance to lower the price for the larger purchase. She smiled openly then, and, for the first time in months, my spirit lifted. I almost felt happy.The

32、feeling stayed with me while she wrapped the skirts in a newspaper and handed them to me. When I left, though, the feeling left, too. It was as though it stayed behind in marketplace, I left tears in my throat. I wanted to cry. I didnt, of course.I have learned to defend myself against what is hard;

33、 without knowing it, I have also learned to defend myself against what is soft and what should be easy.I get up, light a candle and want to look at the skirts. They are still in the newspaper that the woman wrapped them in. I remove the paper, and raise the skirts up to look at them again before I p

34、ack them. Something falls to floor. I reach down and feel something cool in my hand. I move close to the candlelight to see what I have. There are five long silk ribbons in my hand, all different colors. The woman in the marketplace! She has given these ribbons to me!There is no defense against a ge

35、nerous spirit, and this time I cry, and very hard, as if I could make up for all the months that I didnt cry.1.According to the writer, the woman in the marketplace（ ）.2.Which of the following in NOT correct?3.The writer assumed that the woman accepted the last offer mainly because woman （ ）.4.Why d

36、id the writer finally decide to buy three skirts?5.When the writer left the marketplace, she wanted to cry, but didnot because（ ）.问题1选项A.refused to speak to her.B.was pleasant and attractive.C.was selling skirts and ribbons.D.recognized her immediately.问题2选项A.The writer was not used to bargaining.B.

37、People in Asia always bargain when buying things.C.Bargaining in Laos was quiet and peaceful.D.The writer was ready to bargain with the woman.问题3选项A.thought that the last offer was reasonable.B.thought she could still make much money.C.was glad that the writer knew their way of bargaining.D.was tire

38、d of bargaining with the writer any more.问题4选项A.The skirts were cheap and pretty.B.She liked the patterns on the skirts.C.She wanted to do something as compensation.D.She was fed up with further bargaining with the woman.问题5选项A.she had learned to stay cool and unfeeling.B.she was afraid of crying in

39、 public.C.she had learned to face difficulties bravely.D.she had to show in public that she was strong.【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.推理判断题。根据第二段作者的描写可知，她是令人愉快且吸引人的。所以选项B正确。2.细节事实题。根据第四段的最后三句话“.I began to bargain with her over the price. It is the custom to bargain in Asia. In Laos bargaining is

40、 done in soft voices and easy moves with the sort of quiet peacefulness.”可知选项 B、C、D均正确。只有选项A错误。3.细节事实题。根据第五段“She was so pleased that unexpectedly, she accepted the last offer I made.”售货员很到高兴是因为作者知道如何用他们国家的方式进行讨价还价, 所以选项C符合原文。4.细节事实题。根据第五段“The price was too low.pay her three times as much before.”可知，

41、作者觉得价格太低，怕售货员挣不到钱，所以多买了几件作为一种补偿。选项C符合原文。5.细节事实题。根据倒数第三段“I have learned to defend myself against what is hard; without knowing it, I have also learned to defend myself against what is soft and what should be easy.”我学会了在困难面前保护自己；不知不觉中，我也学会了保护自己不被温柔以及容易的东西伤害。可知，作者没有哭是因为她已经学会控制自己的情绪不会轻易受到影响，选项A符合题意。6. 单

42、选题然而, 研究人员在报告中提醒说, 相对于患更严重的疾病的危险来说, 这些益处简直微不足道。问题1选项A.Researchers in the study, however, cautioned that such benefits dont outweigh the risk of more serious ailments.B.However, researchers reminded in the report that such benefits are nothing compared with the risk of more serious ailments.C.However

43、, researchers cautioned in their report that such benefits dont indolence a lot comparing to the risk of more serious ailments.【答案】A【解析】“提醒”在本句中用remind比较口语化，caution更为正式，因为是在报告中进行提醒，因此caution更为恰当；后面包含一个比较，用outweigh言简意賅， 最为恰当。所以选项A翻译最精确。7. 单选题The United States is comprised of 48 contiguous states occu

44、pying the midcontinent, Alaska at the northwestern extreme of North America, and the island state of Hawaii in the mid-Pacific Ocean.问题1选项A.jealousB.explosiveC.adjacentD.distant【答案】C【解析】句意：美国由48个接壤的州组成，这些州包括大陆中部、北美西北部的阿拉斯加和太平洋中部的夏威夷州。contiguous意为“邻近的，接壤的”。jealous妒忌的，猜疑的；explosive爆炸的；adjacent邻近的，毗连的；

45、distant遥远的，冷漠的。选项C与之意思相近。8. 翻译题大学之所以有理由存在，是因为它使老少两代人在富于想象力的学习中，保持了知识与生活热情之间的联系。大学提供信息，但它是富于想象地提供信息。至少，这是它应该为社会发挥的作用。一所大学如果做不到这一点，就没有理由存在。富于想象的思维可以营造出一种令人兴奋的氛围，而这种氛围又可以转化知识。事实不再只是纯粹的事实，它被赋予了种种可能性。它不再是记忆的负担，而是充满活力，犹如能描绘我们梦境的诗人，能实现我们意图的建筑师。【答案】The justification for a university is that it preserves the

46、 connection between knowledge and the zest of life, by uniting the young and the old in the imaginative consideration of learning. The university imparts information, but it imparts it imaginatively. At least, this is the function which it should perform for society. A university which fails in this

47、 respect has no reason for existence. This atmosphere of excitement, arising from imaginative consideration, transforms knowledge. A fact is no longer a bare fact: it is invested with all its possibilities. It is no longer a burden on the memory: it is energizing as the poet of our dreams, and as th

48、e architect of our purposes.9. 单选题In the face of an uncooperative Congress, the Chief Executive may find himself （ ）to accomplish the political program to which he is committed.问题1选项A.neutralB.impotentC.impudentD.pious【答案】B【解析】neutral 中立的；impotent无力的，无效的；impudent鲁莽的，无礼的；pious虔诚的，尽责的。句意：面对不合作的国会，行政长官

49、可能会发现自己无力完成他所承诺的政治计划。选项B符合句意。10. 单选题Every Sunday evening there is a （ ）of people around the pavilion in the park since it has become a regular site for an English corner.问题1选项A.congruenceB.congratulationC.congressD.congregation【答案】D【解析】congruence 适合，一致；congratulation祝贺，贺辞；congress 代表大会；congregation

50、集会，集合。句意：自从这里成为英语角的固定场所后，每个星期天的晚上都会有很多人聚集在公园的亭子周围。选项D符合句意。11. 单选题Even though it is a （ ）explanation, I am not completely convinced.问题1选项A.susceptibleB.plausibleC.plentifulD.reliable【答案】B【解析】susceptible易受影响的，易感动的；plausible貌似可信的，貌似有理的；plentiful许多的，丰富的；reliable可靠的，可信赖的。句意：尽管这是一个合理的解释，但我并不完全信服。选项B符合句意。1

51、2. 单选题I must go now, and （ ）if you want that book Ill bring it next time.问题1选项A.SuccessivelyB.respectivelyC.incidentallyD.accidentally【答案】C【解析】successively 相继地，接连着地；respectively 分别地，各自地；incidentally 顺便，偶然地，附带地；accidentally 偶然地，意外地。句意：我现在必须得走了，顺便说一句，如果你想要那本书，我下次会带来。选项C符合句意。13. 单选题Lets put an end to t

52、his unnecessary and （ ）destruction of our environment.问题1选项A.wantonB.illiterateC.decisiveD.competitive【答案】A【解析】wanton荒唐的，无节制的；illiterate文盲的，不识字的；decisive决定性的，果断的；competitive竞争的，比赛的。句意：让我们停止对环境不必要的以及无节制的破坏。选项A符合句意。14. 单选题The teacher blamed his students for playing pranks in the classroom.问题1选项A.trick

53、sB.nudesC.cribsD.quips【答案】A【解析】句意：老师责备他的学生在教室里搞恶作剧。pranks指“恶作剧”。tricks 诡计，骗局；nudes肉色针织物；cribs婴儿床，栅栏；quips妙语，讽刺语。选项A与之意思相近。15. 单选题From this material we can （ ）hundreds of what you may call direct products.问题1选项A.deriveB.discernC.diminishD.displace【答案】B【解析】derive 源自，获得；discern 辨别，识别；diminish减少，缩小；disp

54、lace 取代，置换。句意：从这种材料中，我们可以辨别出数百种你所说的直接产品。选项B符合句意。16. 单选题He got after you to change your mind, didnt he?问题1选项A.wantedB.urgedC.persuadedD.forced【答案】B【解析】get after攻击，追击，催促。只有选项B有催促的意思，所以正确。17. 单选题A metropolitan area consists of a central city and many suburban areas in its （ ）.问题1选项A.vicinityB.vesselC.u

55、pkeepD.verge【答案】A【解析】vicinity 邻近，附近；vessel 船，舰；upkeep 维持，保养；verge 边缘。句意：大都市区由一个中心城市和它附近的许多郊区组成。选项A符合句意。18. 单选题Each morning the priest spent an hour in quiet contemplation.问题1选项A.intuitionB.reflectionC.meditationD.perception【答案】C【解析】句意： 牧师每天早晨花一个小时静静地沉思。contemplation意为“沉思”。intuition 直觉；reflection 映像，

56、反射；meditation 冥想，沉思，静坐；perception 洞察力，看法。选项C与之意思相近。19. 单选题Large areas of Alaskan land remain desolate due to harsh climate.问题1选项A.inaccessibleB.immatureC.parchedD.stark【答案】D【解析】句意：由于气候恶劣，阿拉斯加的大片土地仍然荒凉。desolate意为“荒凉的，无人烟的”。inaccessible难 达到的，难接近的；immature不成熟的； parched炎热的，干透的；stark荒凉的，光秃秃的。选项D与之意思相近。20. 单选题You cant be （ ）careful in making the decision as it was such a critical case.问题1选项A.veryB.quiteC.tooD.so【答案】C【解析】cant be too 为固定搭配，意为“再也不为过”。句意：这是一个如此重要的案件，你做决定时怎么谨慎也不过分。选项C符合句意。