2022年考博英语-哈尔滨师范大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解37

《2022年考博英语-哈尔滨师范大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解37》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年考博英语-哈尔滨师范大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解37（43页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、2022年考博英语-哈尔滨师范大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题Though steam engines have now passed the _ of their usefulness, their heritage remains.问题1选项A.primeB.eraC.epochD.date【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. prime年富力强的时期；鼎盛时期 B. era时代；年代C. epoch纪元；时期 D. date日期；日子【答案】A【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】根据关键信息passed the _ of their usefulness（过了它们使用的

2、_）和主句their heritage remains（但它的传统依然存在）可推知，该句表示的是“即使蒸汽机过了当初的鼎盛时期，但它的传统依然存在至今”，空格处表示“鼎盛时期”符合句意，故该题选择A项。【干扰项排除】B、C项都是指历史上的一段时期，尤指发生重要事件或变化的时期，不符合句意；D项不符合句意。【句意】尽管蒸汽机现在已不再有用，但它的传统依然存在。2. 单选题During the lecture, the speaker occasionally _ his point by relating his own experiences.问题1选项A.illustratedB.hinte

3、dC.tiedD.displayed【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. illustrated说明，阐明 B. hinted暗示；透露C. tied（用线、绳等）系，拴 D. displayed陈列；展出【答案】A【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】根据关键词the speaker（演讲者）和his point（他的观点）可推知，空格处表示“阐明观点”，illustrate指用例子、故事或图表阐明，符合句意，故该题选择A项。【干扰项排除】B、C、D项不符合句意。【句意】在讲座中，演讲者偶尔会通过讲述自己的经历来阐述他的观点。3. 单选题As one of the worlds highest pa

4、id models, she had her face _ for five million dollars.问题1选项A.positedB.assuredC.measuredD.insured【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. posited假设；认定 B. assured使确信C. measured测量；度量 D. insured投保【答案】D【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】根据前半句的句意“作为世界上收入最高的模特之一”，结合关键词face可推知，她为自己的脸投保，空格处表示“投保”符合句意，故该题选择D项。【干扰项排除】A、B、C项不符合句意。【句意】作为世界上收入最高的模特之一，她为

5、自己的脸投保了500万美元。4. 单选题Fred doesnt like white coffee, nor does he like to put cream on his strawberries, because he prefers them _.问题1选项A.naturalB.plainC.simpleD.ordinary【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. natural自然的；天然的 B. plain朴素的；简单的C. simple简单的 D. ordinary普通的；平常的【答案】B【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】按照主句内容“弗雷德不喜欢加牛奶的咖啡，也不喜欢在草莓上加奶油”

6、可推知，他喜欢吃原滋原味的食物，plain可以表示食物等素净、清淡的，所以该题选择B项恰当。【干扰项排除】A项、D项不符合句意；C项指人或事物拥有他们所需要的所有基本或必要的东西，或者某件事物易于理解，不符合语境。【句意】弗雷德不喜欢加牛奶的咖啡，也不喜欢在草莓上加奶油，因为他喜欢原味的食物。5. 单选题Ten days ago the young man informed his boss of his intention to _.问题1选项A.resignB.rejectC.retreatD.replace【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. resign辞职，辞去（某职务） B. rej

7、ect拒绝接受；不予考虑C. retreat退却；撤退 D. replace代替，取代【答案】A【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】根据关键信息informed his boss（通知了他的老板）可推知，空格处表示“辞职”符合句意，该题选择A项。【干扰项排除】B、C、D项不符合句意。【句意】10天前，这个年轻人告诉他的老板他打算辞职。6. 单选题There is no _ to the house from the main road.问题1选项A.accessB.exposureC.avenueD.edge【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. access通路；入径 B. exposure面临，遭

8、受（危险或不快）C. avenue（城镇的）大街 D. edge边缘；边线【答案】A【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】根据关键词from the main road（从主路）可知，空格处所表达的是去房子的“通道”，所以该题选择A项符合句意。【干扰项排除】B、D项不符合句意；C项是指城镇的大街，故排除。【句意】从大路没有通路到那所房子。7. 单选题Universities are being given job _ by companies and individuals and set out to approve their reliability and reputation before

9、accepting service request.问题1选项A.virusesB.victimsC.vacationsD.vacancies【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. viruses病毒 B. victims受害者C. vacations假期 D. vacancies（职位的）空缺；（旅馆等的）空房【答案】D【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】根据关键信息Universities are being given job（工作提供给了大学）可知，空格处表示“职位”，而vacancy可以表示职位的空缺，故该题选择D项符合句意。【干扰项排除】A、B、C项不符合句意。【句意】公司和个人向大学提供

10、职位空缺，在接受服务请求之前，大学会先确认这些职位的可靠性和声誉。8. 单选题He has been _ of murdering the Japanese visitor.问题1选项A.blamedB.chargedC.accusedD.arrested【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. blamed责怪；指责 B. charged收（费）；控诉C. accused控告；控诉 D. arrested逮捕；拘留【答案】C【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】根据关键信息murdering the Japanese visitor（谋杀日本游客）可推知，空格处应该填入“指控、控诉”，而由介词of可知，

11、be accused of是固定用法，表示“被指控”，故该题选择C项。【干扰项排除】A项不符合句意；B项要与with搭配，charge sb. with sth.表示“控告某人某事”；D项要与for搭配使用，arrest sb. for sth.表示“因某事逮捕某人”。【句意】他被指控谋杀了那名日本游客。9. 单选题Passage 3The process of perceiving others is rarely translated (to ourselves or others) into cold, objective terms. “She was 5 feet 8 inches

12、tall, had fair hair, and wore a colored skirt.” More often, we try to get inside the other person to pinpoint (强调) his or her attitudes, emotions, motivations, abilities, ideas, and characters. Furthermore we sometimes behave as if we can accomplish this difficult job very quicklyperhaps with a two-

13、second glance.We try to obtain formation about others in many ways. Berger suggests several methods for reducing uncertainties about others; who are known to you so you can compare the observed persons behavior with the known others behavior, observing a person in a situation where social behavior i

14、s relatively unrestrained or where a wide variety of behavioral responses are called for, deliberately structuring the physical or social environment so as to observe the persons responses to specific stimuli (刺激因素), asking people who have had or have frequent contact with the person about him or he

15、r, and using various strategies in face-to-face interaction to uncover information about another personquestion, self-disclosures, and so on.Getting to know someone is a never-ending task, largely because people are constantly changing and the methods we use to obtain information are often imprecise

16、. You may have known someone for ten years and still know very little about him. If we accept e idea that we wont ever fully know another person, it enables us to deal more easily with those things that get in the way of accurate knowledge such as secrets and deceptions. It will also keep us from be

17、ing too surprised or shocked by seemingly inconsistent behavior. Ironically, those things that keep us from knowing another person too well (e.g. secrets and deceptions) may be just as important to the development of a satisfying relationship as those things that enable us to obtain accurate knowled

18、ge about a person (e.g. discloses and truthful statement).31. According to the passage, if we perceive a person, we are likely to be interested in _.32. Some people are often surprised by what other people do. According to Berger, that is mainly because _.33. We may have known someone for ten years

19、and still know very little about him because _.34. There are things that we find preventing us from knowing others. These things are _.35. This passage mainly concerns _.问题1选项A.what he wearsB.how tall he isC.how happy he isD.what color he dyes his hair问题2选项A.some people are more emotional than other

20、sB.some people are not aware of the fact that we will never completely know another personC.some people are sensitive enough to sense the change of other peoples attitudesD.some people choose to keep to themselves问题3选项A.we dont accept the idea that we might never fully know another personB.we often

21、get information in a casual and inexact wayC.we pay more attention to other peoples motivations and emotionsD.we often have face-to-face conversation with him问题4选项A.disclosuresB.deceptionsC.stimuliD.interactions问题5选项A.the perception of other peopleB.the relationship between peopleC.secrets and decep

22、tions of peopleD.peoples attitudes and character【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:B第4题:B第5题:A【解析】31.【选项释义】31. According to the passage, if we perceive a person, we are likely to be interested in _. 31. 根据文章，如果我们感知一个人，我们可能会对_感兴趣。A. what he wears A. 他的穿着B. how tall he is B. 他的身高C. how happy he is C. 他有多快乐D. what colo

23、r he dyes his hair D. 他染什么颜色的头发【答案】C【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据第一段第三句“更多的时候（More often），我们试图进入对方的内心，找出他或她的态度、情感、动机、能力、想法和性格”可知，在感知一个人的时候，我们更多的是进入对方的内心，感知他或她的态度、情感、动机、能力、想法和性格，C项“他有多快乐”属于情感上的感知，故该题选择C项。【干扰项排除】A项“他的穿着”、B项“他的身高”和D项“他染什么颜色的头发”都不属于感知对方内心的内容，这三项属于曲解原文。32.【选项释义】32. Some people are often surprised

24、by what other people do. According to Berger, that is mainly because _. 32. 有些人经常对别人的所作所为感到惊讶。伯杰认为，这主要是因为_。A. some people are more emotional than others A. 有些人比其他人更情绪化B. some people are not aware of the fact that we will never completely know another person B. 有些人没有意识到我们永远不会完全了解另一个人的事实C. some people

25、 are sensitive enough to sense the change of other peoples attitudes C. 有些人很敏感，能感觉到别人态度的变化D. some people choose to keep to themselves D. 有些人选择独来独往【答案】B【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据题干定位至第三段倒数第二句“这也会让我们不会对看似不一致的行为感到太惊讶或震惊”，其中“这”指的是上一句“如果我们接受我们永远无法完全了解另一个人的想法，它会使我们更容易处理那些妨碍我们获得准确知识的事情”，理解可知如果我们接受我们永远无法完全了解另一个人的想

26、法，我们对看似不一致的行为不会感到太惊讶，反之我们对别人的所作所为感到惊讶的原因是我们没有认识到我们永远不会完全了解另一个人，故该题选择B项“有些人没有意识到我们永远不会完全了解另一个人的事实”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“有些人比其他人更情绪化”、C项“有些人很敏感，能感觉到别人态度的变化”和D项“有些人选择独来独往”文中都没有提及，这三项属于无中生有。33.【选项释义】33. We may have known someone for ten years and still know very little about him because _. 33. 我们可能已经认识一个人十年了，但

27、仍然对他知之甚少，因为_。A. we dont accept the idea that we might never fully know another person A. 我们不接受我们可能永远无法完全了解另一个人的想法B. we often get information in a casual and inexact way B. 我们经常以一种随意而不准确的方式获得信息C. we pay more attention to other peoples motivations and emotions C. 我们更关注他人的动机和情绪D. we often have face-to-

28、face conversation with him D. 我们经常和他面对面交谈【答案】B【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据题干定位至第三段第二句“你可能已经认识一个人十年了，但仍然对他知之甚少”，前一句指出“了解一个人是一项永无止境的任务，这很大程度上是因为人们在不断变化，而我们获取信息的方法往往不精确（the methods we use to obtain information are often imprecise）”，理解可知，我们可能认识一个人十年，但我们仍然对他知之甚少，这是因为人们是不断变化的，而我们获取信息的方式是随意而不准确的，所以该题选择B项“我们经常以一种随意而

29、不准确的方式获得信息”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“我们不接受我们可能永远无法完全了解另一个人的想法”是我们对看似不一致的行为感到惊讶的原因，而不是认识很久的人知之甚少的原因，该项属于张冠李戴；C项“我们更关注他人的动机和情绪”和D项“我们经常和他面对面交谈”文中没有提及，这两项属于无中生有。34.【选项释义】34. There are things that we find preventing us from knowing others. These things are _. 34. 我们发现有些事情阻碍了我们了解他人。这些东西是_。A. disclosures A. 公开的事情B.

30、deceptions B. 欺骗C. stimuli C. 刺激因素D. interactions D. 互动【答案】B【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据原文最后一句“具有讽刺意味的是，对于发展一段令人满意的关系来说，那些使我们无法了解对方的东西（如秘密和欺骗）可能与那些使我们能够准确了解对方的东西（如公开和诚实的陈述）同样重要”理解可知，阻碍我们了解他人的事情是一些秘密和欺骗，B项“欺骗”符合题意，故该题选择B项。【干扰项排除】A项“公开的事情”是促进我们能够准确了解对方的事物，该项属于反向干扰；C项“刺激因素”和D项“互动”文中没有提及，这两项属于无中生有。35.【选项释义】35. T

31、his passage mainly concerns _. 35. 这篇文章主要是关于_。A. the perception of other people A. 对他人的感知B. the relationship between people B. 人与人之间的关系C. secrets and deceptions of people C. 人们的秘密和欺骗D. peoples attitudes and character D. 人的态度和性格【答案】A【考查点】主旨大意题。【解题思路】根据第一段第一句“感知他人的过程（对我们自己或他人来说）很少被翻译成冷冰冰的、客观的术语”，以及最后一

32、段第一句“了解一个人是一项永无止境的任务，这很大程度上是因为人们在不断变化，而我们获取信息的方法往往不精确”可知，文章主要讨论的内容是感知他人；而第二段讲述的是了解他人的一些方式，所以综合理解可以推断，这篇文章主要是关于对他人的感知，该题选择A项“对他人的感知”符合题意。【干扰项排除】B项“人与人之间的关系”文中没有提及，该项属于无中生有；C项“人们的秘密和欺骗”和D项“人的态度和性格”分别在第三段和第一段提到，但表述太片面，这两项属于以偏概全。10. 单选题Passage threeToo many vulnerable child-free adults are being ruthles

33、sly (无情的) manipulated into parent-hood by their parents , who think that happiness among older people depends on having a grand-child to spoil. We need an organization to help beat down the persistent campaigns of grand-childless parents. Its time to establish Planned Grandparenthood, which would ha

34、ve many global and local benefits.Part of its mission would be to promote the risks and realities associated with being a grandparent. The staff would include depressed grandparents who would explain how grandkids break lamps, bite, scream and kick. Others would detail how an hour of baby-sitting of

35、ten turns into a crying marathon. More grandparents would testify that they had to pay for their grandchilds expensive college education.Planned grandparenthoods carefully written literature would detail all the joys of life grand-child-free a calm living room, extra money for luxuries during the go

36、lden years, etc. Potential grandparents would be reminded that, without grandchildren around, its possible to have a conversation with your kids, who incidentally would have more time for their own parents.Meanwhile, most children are vulnerable to the enormous influence exerted by grand-childless p

37、arents aiming to persuade their kids to produce children. They will take a call from a persistent parent, even if theyre loaded with works. In addition, some parents make handsome money offers payable upon the grandchilds birth. Sometimes these gifts not only cover expenses associated with the infan

38、ts birth, but extras, too, like a vacation. In any case, cash gifts can weaken the resolve of even the noblest person.At Planned Grandparenthood, children targeted by their parents to reproduce could obtain non-biased information about the insanity of having their own kids. The catastrophic psycholo

39、gical and economic costs of childbearing would be emphasized. The symptoms of morning sickness would be listed and horrors of childbirth pictured. A monthly newsletter would contain stories about overwhelmed parents and offer guidance on how childless adults can respond to the different lobbying tac

40、tics that would-be grandparents employ.When I think about all the problems of our overpopulated world and look at our boy grabbing at the lamp by the sofa, I wish I could have turned to Planned Grandparenthood when my parents were putting the grandchild squeeze on me.If I could have, I might not be

41、in this parenthood predicament (窘境). But heres the crazy irony, I dont want my child-free life back. Dylans too much fun.31. Whats the purpose of the proposed organization Planned Grandparenthood?32. Planned Grandparenthood would include depressed grandparents on its staff in order to _.33. Accordin

42、g to the passage, some couples may eventually choose to have children because _.34. By saying “my parents were putting the grandchild squeeze on me” (Para. 6), the author means that _.35. What does the author really of the idea of having children?问题1选项A.To discourage people from insisting on having

43、grandchildren.B.To offer counseling to people on how to raise grandchildren.C.To provide facilities and services for grand-childless parents.D.To encourage childless couples to have children.问题2选项A.share their experience in raising grandchildren in a more scientific wayB.draw attention to the troubl

44、es and difficulties grandchildren may causeC.help raise funds to cover the high expense of education for grandchildrenD.show them the joys of life grandparents may have in raising grandchildren问题3选项A.they have learn from other parents about the joys of having childrenB.they feel more and more lonely

45、 ad they grow olderC.they have found it irrational to remain childlessD.they find it hard to resist the carrot-and-stick approach of their parents问题4选项A.her parents asked her to save for the expenses of raising a childB.her parents kept pressuring her to have a childC.her parents liked to have a gra

46、ndchild in their armsD.her parents kept blaming her for her childs bad behavior问题5选项A.It contributes to overpopulation.B.It is a psychological catastrophe.C.It is troublesome but rewarding.D.It does more harm than good.【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:D第4题:B第5题:C【解析】31.【选项释义】31. Whats the purpose of the proposed o

47、rganization Planned Grandparenthood? 31. 提议祖孙辈计划生育组织的目的是什么？A. To discourage people from insisting on having grandchildren. A. 让人们不要再坚持要孙子孙女了。B. To offer counseling to people on how to raise grandchildren. B. 为人们提供如何抚养孙子孙女的咨询。C. To provide facilities and services for grand-childless parents. C. 为没有孙子

48、孙女的祖父母提供设施和服务。D. To encourage childless couples to have children. D. 鼓励无子女的夫妇生孩子。【答案】A【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据第一段最后两句“我们需要一个组织来打消上一代对于要孩子的偏执。是时候建立一个祖孙辈计划生育了，这会为当地百姓甚至全世界造福。”理解可知，祖孙辈计划生育组织的目的是打消上一代对于要孙子孙女的偏执，A项“让人们不要再坚持要孙子孙女了”符合题意。【干扰项排除】B项“为人们提供如何抚养孙子孙女的咨询”，根据第二段第一句“它的部分使命是宣传与做祖父母有关的风险和现实”可知，该项与原文相反，属于反向

49、干扰；C项“为没有孙子孙女的祖父母提供设施和服务”没有提到，该项属于无中生有；D项“鼓励无子女的夫妇生孩子”，祖孙辈计划生育是打消父母要孙子孙女的想法，所以该项与原文相反，属于反向干扰。32.【选项释义】32. Planned Grandparenthood would include depressed grandparents on its staff in order to _. 32. 祖孙辈计划生育将包括患有抑郁症的祖父母，以便_。A. share their experience in raising grandchildren in a more scientific way A

50、. 分享他们以更科学的方式抚养孙子孙女的经验B. draw attention to the troubles and difficulties grandchildren may cause B. 让人们注意到孙辈可能会带来的麻烦和困难C. help raise funds to cover the high expense of education for grandchildren C. 帮助筹集资金以支付孙辈的高额教育费用D. show them the joys of life grandparents may have in raising grandchildren D. 让他们

51、看看祖父母在抚养孙辈时可能会享受到的生活乐趣【答案】B【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据题干定位至第二段第二句“工作人员中包括患有抑郁的祖父母，他们会解释孙辈是如何打碎灯、咬人、尖叫和踢人的”，结合第一句“它的部分使命是宣传与做祖父母有关的风险和现实”理解可知，祖孙辈计划生育将包括患有抑郁症的祖父母，是为了让想要孙子的祖父母认识到孙辈可能会带来的麻烦，B项“让人们注意到孙辈可能会带来的麻烦和困难”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“分享他们以更科学的方式抚养孙子孙女的经验”和D项“让他们看看祖父母在抚养孙辈时可能会享受到的生活乐趣”与祖孙辈计划生育的目的相反，这两项属于反向干扰；C项“帮助筹集资

52、金以支付孙辈的高额教育费用”，这不是让患有抑郁症的祖父母加入祖孙辈计划生育组织的目的，该项属于出处错位。33.【选项释义】33. According to the passage, some couples may eventually choose to have children because _. 33. 根据这篇文章，一些夫妇可能最终会选择要孩子，因为_。A. they have learn from other parents about the joys of having children A. 他们从其他父母那里学到了有孩子的快乐B. they feel more and m

53、ore lonely ad they grow older B. 随着年龄的增长，他们感到越来越孤独C. they have found it irrational to remain childless C. 他们发现不生孩子是不理智的D. they find it hard to resist the carrot-and-stick approach of their parents D. 他们发现很难抗拒父母软硬兼施的方法【答案】D【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据第四段的内容“与此同时，大多数孩子都容易受到没有孙子的父母试图说服他们的孩子生孩子的巨大影响。他们会接到父母的电话，即

54、使他们有很多工作要做。此外，一些父母会在孙子出生的时候给他一笔可观的钱作为礼物。有时候，这些现金礼物不仅能支付与婴儿出生有关的费用，还能支付额外的费用，比如度假。在任何情况下，即使是最高尚的人，现金礼物也会削弱他们的决心。”，理解可知，一些没有孩子的夫妇更容易受到父母的劝说，他们会接到父母电话，甚至还有金钱奖励，可推断，一些夫妇可能最终在父母的软硬兼施下会选择要孩子，该题选择D项“他们发现很难抗拒父母软硬兼施的方法”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“他们从其他父母那里学到了有孩子的快乐”、B项“随着年龄的增长，他们感到越来越孤独”和C项“他们发现不生孩子是不理智的”文中没有提到，都属于无中生有。3

55、4.【选项释义】34. By saying “my parents were putting the grandchild squeeze on me” (Para. 6), the author means that _. 34. 第6段说“我的父母把孙子塞在我身上”，作者的意思是_。A. her parents asked her to save for the expenses of raising a child A. 她的父母要她攒钱以支付抚养孩子的费用B. her parents kept pressuring her to have a child B. 她的父母一直催她要个孩子

56、C. her parents liked to have a grandchild in their arms C. 她的父母喜欢抱孙子D. her parents kept blaming her for her childs bad behavior D. 她的父母一直因她孩子的不良行为而责备她【答案】B【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干定位至第六段“我真希望当我的父母把孙子塞在我身上时，我能求助于祖孙辈计划生育协会”，结合文章前面的内容可知，祖孙辈计划生育协会是打消父母辈想要孙子的念头，而这里提到要求助于祖孙辈计划生育协会，可以推断“我的父母把孙子塞在我身上”表明的意思是父母一直

57、催她要个孩子，B项“她的父母一直催她要个孩子”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“她的父母要她攒钱以支付抚养孩子的费用”和D项“她的父母一直因她孩子的不良行为而责备她”文中没有提及，这两项属于无中生有；C项“她的父母喜欢抱孙子”表述不够准确，根据解题思路可知，“我”想求助祖孙辈计划生育协会，说明父母辈是在催生，该项属于曲解原文。35.【选项释义】35. What does the author really of the idea of having children? 35. 作者对于有孩子这个想法的真正想法是什么？A. It contributes to overpopulation. A. 它

58、导致了人口过剩。B. It is a psychological catastrophe. B. 这是一场心理灾难。C. It is troublesome but rewarding. C. 这很麻烦，但很值得。D. It does more harm than good. D. 它弊大于利。【答案】C【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据最后一段“如果可以的话，我也许就不会陷入为人父母的困境了。但最讽刺的是，我不想要回没有孩子的生活。”可以看出，作者对于生孩子的看法是两面性的，既不想陷入为人父母的困境，但是又享受有孩子的生活，所以推断作者对于有孩子的想法是虽然很麻烦，但是值得，该题选择C项

59、“这很麻烦，但很值得”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“它导致了人口过剩”不是作者的真正想法，该项属于出处错位；B项“这是一场心理灾难”文中没有提及，该项属于无中生有；D项“它弊大于利”，作者对于有孩子的看法是双面性的，该项属于曲解原文。11. 单选题Passage twoPsychological tests are tools. Like all tools, their effectiveness depends on the knowledge, skill, and sincerity of the user. A hammer can be used to build a beauti

60、ful kitchen cabinet of it can be used as a weapon of assault. Like a hammer, intelligence tests can be used for positive purposes or they can be abusive. It is important for both the test constructor and the test examiner to be familiar with the current state of scientific knowledge about intelligen

61、ce and intelligence tests.Even though they have limitations, intelligence tests are among psychologys most widely used tools. To be effective, though, intelligence tests must be viewed realistically. They should not be thought of as a fixed, unchanging indicator of a persons intelligence. They shoul

62、d also be used in conjunction with other information about a person and should not be relied upon as the sole indicator of whether a child should be placed in a special-education or gifted class. The childs developmental history, medical background, performance in school, social competencies, and family experiences should be taken into account, too.The single number provided by many IQ tests can easily lead to stereotypes