2022年考博英语-四川大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第34期

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1、2022年考博英语-四川大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题His intelligence and experience will enable him to （ ） the complicated situation.问题1选项A.cope withB.settle downC.intervene inD.interfere with【答案】A【解析】cope with处理, 应对；settle down定居；intervene in干预, 插手；interfere with干扰, 妨碍。句意：他的智慧和经验将使他能够应付复杂的局面。选项A符合句意。2. 单选题To

2、fight against computer crimes, a computer system needs a sure way of identifying its right users and rejecting those who are not entitled to use it. The identification system should be quick, simple, and convenient.At present, signatures are widely used to identify credit card holders, but it takes

3、an expert to detect a good forgery. Sometimes even a human expert is fooled, and there is no reason to believe that a computer could do any better,Photographs are also sometimes used for identification. But, people find it inconvenient to stop by a credit-card company and to be photographed. Compani

4、es might lose business if they made the pictures under absolute requirement. Also, photographs are less useful these days, when people frequently change their appearance by changing the way they wear their hair. Finally, computer programs for analyzing photographs are still highly experimental.Cash-

5、drawing systems often use two identification numbers: One is recorded on a magnetic stripe on the identification cards, and the other is given to the CRS holder. When the user inserts his card into the cash-drawing terminal, he keys in the identification number he has been given. The computer checks

6、 to see that the number recorded on the card and the other keyed in by the user refer to the same person.For a long time, fingerprints have provided a method of positive identification. But they suffer from two problems. One is that there is no simple system for comparing fingerprints electronically

7、, the other is that because most people associate being fingerprinted with being arrested; they most surely would resist being fingerprinted for routine identification.Voiceprints have suggested. With these, the user has only to speak a few words for the computer to analyze his voice. There are no p

8、sychological problems here. And technically it s easier to take and analyze voiceprints than fingerprints. However, it has yet to be proved that the computer line.Even lipprints have been suggested. But its doubtful that kissing computer will ever catch.1.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as o

9、ne of the identification system requirements?2.The most reliable and convenient identification method in present use is_.3.If the technical problems can be worked out, which method is the most promising?4.Which of the following methods is the least psychologically acceptable?5.The passage is organiz

10、ed by_.问题1选项A.Convenience.B.Reliability.C.Low costs.D.Acceptability.问题2选项A.signaturesB.photographsC.fingerprintsD.magnetic stripes问题3选项A.Voiceprints.B.Fingerprints.C.Photographs.D.Signatures.问题4选项A.Photgraphs.B.Lipprints.C.Fingerprints.D.Voiceprints.问题5选项A.a simple listing of factsB.presenting a sol

11、ution and discussing its advantages or disadvantagesC.cause and effectD.comparison and contrast【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.根据第一段的第二句“The identification system should be quick, simple, and convenient.”识别系统的要求包括快速、简单和便捷。只有选项C未提及。2.根据第二段的第一句“At present, signatures are widely used to identify cre

12、dit card holders, but it takes an expert to detect a good forgery.”由此可知, 签名存在鉴定困难的问题, 排除A。根据第三段第一句话“Photographs are also sometimes used for identification. But, people find it inconvenient to stop by a credit card company and to be photographed.”可知照片存在着应用不方便的问题, 排除B。根据第五段“For a long time, fingerprin

13、ts have provided a method of positive identification. But they suffer from two problems.”可知, 指纹也存在两个问题, 排除C。所以, 本题选D。3.根据原文可知, 作者在文中提到了几种识别方式的各种问题，而且认为声纹比指纹识别更好，只是由于技术问题还没有被开发出来，由此推断声纹将成为最有发展前景的识别方式。选项A正确。4.根据第五段的最后一句“they most surely would resist being fingerprinted for routine identification.”由此可见

14、, 大部分人将取指纹与被捕联系起来, 他们肯定不会为了例行的身份鉴定而接受指纹鉴定。因此, 从心理上讲, 最不能接受的是取指纹。5.本题考察行文思路, 文章在首段提出计算机识别系统的基本原则, 然后分别分析几种不同识别方法的利弊。也就是说, 本题是通过提出一个解决办法然后进行利弊分析的方式来展开的。因此, 选项B正确。3. 单选题One of the good things for men in womens liberation is hat men no longer have to pay women the old-fashioned courtesiesIn an article o

15、n the new manners, Mrs Holmes says that a perfectly able woman no longer has to act helplessly in public as if she were a model. For example, she doesnt need help getting in and out of cars. “Women get in and out of ears twenty times a day with babies and dogs. Surely the can get out by themselves a

16、t night just as easily.”She also says there is no reason why a man should walk on the outside of a woman on the sidewalk. Historically, the man walked on the inside so he caught the garbage thrown out of a window. Today a man is supposed to walk on the outside. A man should walk where he wants to. S

17、o should a woman. If, out of love and respect, he actually wants to take the blows, he should walk on the insidebecause thats where attackers are all hiding these days.As far as manners are concerned, I suppose I have always been a supporter of womens liberation. Over the years, out of a sense of re

18、spect, I imagine, I have refused to trouble women with outdated courtesies.It is usually easier to follow rules of social behavior than to depend on ones own taste. But rules may he safely broken, of course, by those of us with the gift of natural grace. For example, when a man and a woman are led t

19、o their table in a restaurant and the waiter pulls out a chair, the woman is expected to sit in the chair. That is according to Ms. Ann Clark. I have always done it the other way, according to my life.It came up only the other night. I followed the hostess to the table, and when she pulled the chair

20、 out I sat on it, quite naturally, since it happened to be the chair I wanted to sit in.“Well,” my wife said, when the hostess had gone, “you did it again.”“Did what?” I asked, utterly confused.“Took the chair.”Actually, since Id walked through the restaurant ahead of my wife, it would have been awk

21、ward, I should think, not to have taken the chair. I had got there first, after all.Also, it has always been my custom to get in a car first, and let the woman get in by herself. This is courtesy I insist on as the stronger sex, out of love and respect. In times like these, there might be attackers

22、hidden about. It would be unsuitable to put a woman in a car and then shut the door on her, leaving her at the mercy of some had fellow who might be hiding in the back seat.1.It can be concluded from the passage that_.2.Whats the authors attitude about the whole question of manners and womens libera

23、tion?3.Ms. Ann Clark would most probably agree that_.4.By saying you did it again(Para. 7), the authors wife means that_.5.Which of the following is NOT the reason why the author gets into a car before a woman?问题1选项A.it can break rules of social behaviorsB.in womens liberation men are also liberated

24、C.women are becoming more competent than beforeD.men should walk on the outside of a pavement问题2选项A.SeriousB.CriticalC.JokingD.Satirical问题3选项A.Ms. Holmess opinions on the new manners are justifiedB.the author is a man with the gift of natural graceC.one should follow social custom instead of his own

25、 tasteD.men and women are equal in most of the social events问题4选项A.the author should have shown his politeness by pulling out the chair for herB.the author should not have sat down before she didC.the author should not have sat in the chair pulled out by the waitressD.the author should have walked b

26、ehind her问题5选项A.He intends to be polite to the woman.B.He does that by force of habit.C.He wants to protect the woman from hidden danger.D.He thinks women nowadays are as capable as men.【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:C第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.根据第一段的第一句“One of the good things for men in womens liberation is that men no lo

27、nger have to pay women the old-fashioned courtesies”对男性来说, 妇女解放带来的一个好处就是男人不用遵守尊重妇女的旧式礼节了。由此可知, 在妇女解放过程中, 男性也得到了解放, 所以选项B符合原文。2.从作者的叙述方式看, 作者在讨论举止风度以及妇女解放问题时带有调侃语气。例如, 在第四段的第二句中, 作者说, 他拒绝用一些过时的礼节来麻烦女士(事实上对女性表示礼貌恭维谈不上是“麻烦”), 而且之所以这样, 是出于一种尊敬。又如, 在第五段第二句中, 作者将自己看作是那些具有“天然风度”(natural grace)的男士, 而所谓“天然”,

28、 却是一切顺其自然, 不受社会礼仪规范所约束。由此可以确定选项C为正确答案。3.根据关键词“Ann Clark”定位到第五段的后半部分, Ann Clark认为当一名男性和一名女性被带到餐桌子前, 服务员拿出一把椅子, 坐在椅子上的应该是女性。说明Ann Clark比较赞同传统的社会行为规则, 而作者的做法恰好与其相反, 他喜欢顺着自己的意愿。所以选项C符合原文。4.根据原文内容可知, 作者坐在那把椅子上的原因是因为那个正是他想坐的椅子, 而且他是在妻子的前面到达的, 这是作者的一种习惯。所以作者的妻子认为作者不应该按照自己的习惯坐在那把椅子上, 所以选项C正确。5.根据原文最后一段内容可知,

29、 作者比女性先上车的原因, 首先这是他的一个习惯, 其次是出于礼貌, 爱和尊重, 以及保护女性的安全避免受到潜在的袭击。只有选项D不正确。4. 单选题It is unfortunate that the members of the committee do not （ ） in opinion.问题1选项A.coincideB.conformC.complyD.collaborate【答案】A【解析】coincide一致, 符合；conform符合, 遵照；comply遵守, 顺从；collaborate合作。句意：令人遗憾的是, 委员会成员没有统一意见。意见一致用coincide。5. 单

30、选题There are many superstitions in Britain, but one of the most （1 ） held is that it is unlucky to walk under a ladder even if it means （2 ） the pavement into a busy street! （3 ） you must pass under a ladder you can （4 ）bad luck by crossing your fingers and （5 ） them crossed until you have seen a dog

31、. （6 ） , you may lick your finger and （7 ） across on the toe of your shoe, and not look again at the shoe until the （8 ） has dried. Another common （9 ） is that it is unlucky to open an umbrella in the houseit will either bring （10 ） to the person who opened it or to the whole （11 ） . Anyone opening

32、an umbrella in fine weather is （12 ） , as it inevitably brings rain!The number 13 is said to be unlucky for some, and when the 13th day of the month （13） on a Friday, anyone wishing to avoid a bad event had better stay （14） , the worst misfortune that can happen to a person is caused by breaking a m

33、irror, （15） it brings seven years of bad luck! The superstition is supposed to （16） in ancient times, when mirrors were considered to be tools of the gods.Black cats are generally considered lucky in Britain, even though they are （17） witchcraft.It is （18 ）lucky if a black cat crosses your pathaltho

34、ugh in America the exact opposite belief prevails.Finally, a commonly held superstition is that of touching wood （19 ） luck. This measure is most often taken if you think you have said something that is tempting fate, such as “my car has never （20） , touch wood?”问题1选项A.broadlyB.widelyC.quicklyD.spee

35、dily问题2选项A.running fromB.jumping offC.stepping offD.keeping from问题3选项A.IfB.AsC.ThoughD.Unless问题4选项A.eraseB.removeC.avoidD.ease问题5选项A.keepB.keepingC.keptD.to keep问题6选项A.ConsequentlyB.HoweverC.ComparativelyD.Alternatively问题7选项A.makeB.printC.performD.produce问题8选项A.labelB.symbolC.markD.cut问题9选项A.argumen

36、tB.superstitionC.opinionD.idea问题10选项A.lossB.difficultyC.tragedyD.misfortune问题11选项A.houseB.householdC.homeD.circle问题12选项A.unwiseB.unintelligentC.unpopularD.unfortunate问题13选项A.fallsB.arrivesC.dropsD.happens问题14选项A.awayB.outdoorsC.indoorsD.far问题15选项A.whenB.asC.ifD.though问题16选项A.have originatedB.be orig

37、inatingC.originatedD.be originate问题17选项A.concerned aboutB.related withC.associated withD.connected in问题18选项A.especiallyB.speciallyC.frequentlyD.rarely问题19选项A.asB.forC.inD.of问题20选项A.broken upB.broken offC.broken awayD.broken down【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A第4题:C第5题:B第6题:D第7题:A第8题:C第9题:B第10题:D第11题:B第12题:C第13题:

38、A第14题:C第15题:B第16题:A第17题:C第18题:A第19题:B第20题:D【解析】（1）副词辨析。broadly大体的；widely广泛的。根据原文：在英国有许多迷信，但其中最广为流传的是.选项B符合原文。（2）running from飞奔似的逃离；jumping off跳下来；stepping off步测；keeping from隐瞒，阻止。从人行道上走到繁忙的街道上, 用step off。（3）这里指假设：如果你一定要从梯子下走过.。（4）霉运只能避开，不能消除，所以选项C正确。（5）根据and 前面的crossing可知这里也应该用ing形式。所以选项B正确。（6）根据下文的

39、内容可知，这里指避开霉运的另一种方法，选项D正确。（7）make a cross为固定搭配，意为画十字。（8）根据原文可知，填空处填入的词指代上句提到的在鞋上画的十字。用mark最恰当。（9）上文提到的一个迷信已经描述完毕，这里指另一个迷信，选项B正确。（10）上文提到的迷信会给人带来不幸（unlucky），这里也指不幸，所以选项B正确。（11）根据原文可知，在室内撑伞不仅给个人, 甚至会给家庭带来不幸，选项B正确。（12）原文指：不论是谁, 在天气好的时候撑伞都是不受欢迎的，因为这必然会导致下雨。选项C符合语境。（13）fall on为固定搭配，意为轮到, 恰逢。原文指：当这个月的第13天恰

40、好是星期五时.（14）根据原文：当这个月的第13天恰好是星期五时，要是想避开不好的事情，最好是待在家里。stay indoors指待在家里，符合句意。（15）根据原文：一个人最大的不幸是打碎了镜子，因为这会带来好几年的坏运气。选项B符合句意。（16）原文指过去发生的事情对现在的影响, 所以用现在完成时。选项A正确。（17）将.与.联系在一起用associated with。concerned about关心，担忧；related with使相关，使符合，这里没有被动的意思，所以不选B；connected一般与to搭配。所以选项C正确。（18）根据句意：如果有一只黑猫穿过你面前的路，你那就特别幸

41、运了。选项A符合句意。specially专门地；frequently频繁地；rarely罕见地。（19）for表目的, 原文指：触摸木头, 以此来获得好运。（20）根据原文：如果你认为自己说了一些冒险的话，比如“我的车从没坏过，碰木头吧?”选项D符合句意。break up分手；break off断裂；break away挣脱；break down损坏。6. 单选题She agreed to take the naughty boy along （ ） he behaved himself.问题1选项A.whetherB.thatC.providedD.in case【答案】C【解析】句意：她同

42、意把那个淘气的男孩带走,只要他听话就行。选项C符合句意。7. 翻译题Translate the following passage into Chinese.There are several things worth noting about cognitive neuroscience that are also reflected in the Articles in this special issue of Science. First is the idea that distributed brain networks underlie complex behaviors. In

43、 the early days of the field, most neuroscientists focused on individual brain regions and their responses. The sensory domain was particularly captivating; one could, for example, appropriately talk about hyper-complex cells in the visual system that responded to comers or the existence of cortical

44、 columns as the organizing basis for neuro-sensory input. It is becoming clear, however, that the processing of information that leads to complex behaviors such as learning and memory involves multiple brain regions that must operate in an interactive parallel.【答案】关于神经科学某些方面的事情是值得注意的, 而这几个值得关注方面在这一期

45、的科学杂志特刊上均有所体现。首先, 其中一个观点说的是遍布的大脑网络是构成人复杂行为的基础。在有关这个领域的早期研究中, 大多数的神经科学家专注于研究单独的大脑区域及其反应行为。感官领域尤为引人新奇, 例如, 你可以适当地谈论视觉系统中的复杂细胞, 这些细胞对大脑沟回和皮层柱的反应构成了神经感觉输人的基础。无论怎样, 有一点是可以肯定的, 例如学习和记忆等复杂行为的信息处理过程一定是涉及到多个大脑的区域并且以交互式平行的方式进行运作。8. 单选题The kitchen was small and （ ） so that the disabled could reach everything w

46、ithout difficulty.问题1选项A.conventionalB.compactC.compatibleD.concise【答案】B【解析】conventional传统的, 习用的, 平常的;compact紧凑的, 简洁的;compatible协调的；concise简明的, 简约的。句意：这间厨房小巧紧凑, 残疾人可以很方便的够到所有的东西。9. 单选题His_ in gambling has eventually brought about his ruin.问题1选项A.indulgenceB.habitC.actionD.engagement【答案】A【解析】indulgen

47、ce嗜好，放纵，沉溺；habit习惯，嗜好；action行动，活动；engagement婚约，诺言。句意：沉溺于赌博最终导致了他的毁灭。indulgence in sth.指放纵, 任性（的习惯），选项A符合句意。10. 单选题USA is one of the Powers in the world, but its a(n) （ ） that in such a rich country there should be so many poor people.问题1选项A.paradoxB.prejudiceC.dilemmaD.conflict【答案】A【解析】paradox悖论, 自相

48、矛盾的人或事；prejudice偏见；dilemma困境；conflict冲突, 矛盾。句意：美国是世界大国之一, 但在如此富裕的国家却有如此多的穷人, 这是一个悖论。11. 单选题The longitudinal study demonstrates that students who receive ESL (English as a second language) instruction are far better than those taught primarily in their native language. A comparison of the three-year

49、exit rates for students in ESL and bilingual programs shows that those who receive ESL instruction test out faster and in higher percentages than those who receive instruction in their native language, regardless of the grade in which they entered school. For example, 79.3 percent of the children wh

50、o entered ESL programs in kindergarten tested out, while only 51.5 percent of those who received their education in their native languages did. Likewise, 72.9 percent of the LEP (limited English proficiency) students who entered programs in the first grade tested out, while only 38.5 of those in bil

51、ingual programs did. For students who entered LEP programs in the ninth grade, 91.6 percent of those in native-language instruction classes still hadnt tested out after three years, as compared with 78.1 percent of those in ESL classes.Furthermore, children who had been in ESL classes tested 4 highe

52、r in English and math once they exited LEP programs than those who had received native-language instruction. Of the LEP students who entered in kindergarten or the first grade, 49 percent of those who had been in ESL classes eventually read at grade level, while only 32 percent of those who had been

53、 in bilingual classes performed that well. In math, the statistics are even more impressive. Of the children who entered in kindergarten or the first grade, more than 69 percent of those who had been in ESL classes eventually performed at grade level or above, as opposed to 54 percent of those who h

54、ad been in bilingual classes.Naturally, the study provoked a barrage of criticism from the highly political and vocal bilingual lobby, which prompted the New York City Board of Education to issue a paper in November 1994 mitigating the findings of the study and ignoring the distinction between stude

55、nts in ESL and bilingual education programs. Rather than exit rates, this paper focuses on the achievement of LEP students during the period in which they are in bilingual or ESL classes. The authors show that although the scores of LEP students were below average on the English-language test, their

56、 scores in all areas showed improvement; they point out that in math, there were insufficient data on the progress of LEP students to draw valid conclusions.However, a report on citywide mathematics test results in New York in the spring of 1995 deals more fully with the math scores of the 26, 248 s

57、tudents who were examined the previous school year in Chinese, Spanish, or Haitian Creole. According to this document, only 16.6 percent of these children were performing at or above grade level in mathematics. Although this figure represents an improvement of 1.1 percent over the scores of the prev

58、ious year, it discredits the argument that native-language instruction keeps performing at grade level in subject are areas. Although LEP students are improving faster than the national norm, they continue to perform far below the norm.1.This text is mainly ( ).2.From Paragraph 1 we learn that ( ).3

59、.The author believes (Paragraph 2) that ( ).4.It can be inferred that the paper mentioned in Paragraph 4 ( ).5.According to the NY 1995 report, it is unbelievable that ( ).问题1选项A.a review of ESL, bilingual and LEP instructionsB.a survey of new approaches to subject instructionsC.about the merits of

60、LEP education programD.about the achievements of bilingual and ESL programs问题2选项A.ESL instruction could test students faster than LEP instructionB.LEP students performed worse than did ESL studentsC.native-language instruction classes seemed to fail utterlyD.the data of the longitudinal study were l

61、ikely tentative问题3选项A.ESL children tested higher in English than LEP childrenB.bilingual programs failed the students performing well in mathC.the math data are still more credible than those on EnglishD.bilingual classes had 54% of students exiting from grade level问题4选项A.has devalued the findings of the longitudinal studyB.has dimmed the differences between students in different programsC.focuses on the subject achievements of LEP studentsD.seeks out the insufficient points in the longitudinal study