2022年考博英语-吉林大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第81期

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1、2022年考博英语-吉林大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题There will eventually come a day when The New York Times ceases to publish stories on newsprint. Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate. “Sometime in the future”, the papers publisher said back in 2010.Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of

2、 pages aside, theres plenty of incentive to ditch print. The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper printing presses, delivery trucksisnt just expensive; its excessive at a time when online-only competitors dont have the same set of financial constraints. Readers are migrating away fro

3、m print anyway. And though print ad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts, revenue from print is still declining.Overhead may be high and circulation lower, but rushing to eliminate is print edition would be a mistake, says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.Peretti says the Times shouldnt

4、waste time getting out of the print business, but only if they go about doing it the right way. “Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense for them.” he said, “but if you discontinue it, youre going to have your most loyal customers really upset with you.”Sometimes thats wort

5、h making a change anyway. Peretti gives the example of Netflix discontinuing its DVD mailing service to focus on streaming. “It was seen as blunder,” he said. The move turned out to be foresighted. And if Peretti were in charge at the Times? “I wouldnt pick a year to end print,” he said, “I would ra

6、ise prices and make it into more of a legacy product.”The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor, the idea goes, and theyd like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in, “So if youre overpaying for print, you could feel like you were helping.” Peretti s

7、aid. “Then increase it at a higher rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue.” In other words, if youre going to make a print product, make it for the people who are already obsessed with it, which may be what the Times is doing already. Getting the print edition seven days a

8、 week costs nearly $500 a yearmore than twice as much as a digitalonly subscription.“Its a really hard thing to do and its a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesnt have a legacy business.” Peretti remarked. “But were going to have questions like that where we have things were doing that dont make se

9、nse when the market changes and the world changes. In those situation, its better to be more aggressive that less aggressive.”1.The New York Times is considering ending its print edition partly due to （ ）.2.Pertti suggests that in face of the present situation, The Times should （ ）.3.It can be infer

10、red from paragraphs 5 and 6 that a “legacy product” （ ）.4.Peretti believes that in a changing world （ ）.5.Which of the following would be the best title of the text?问题1选项A.the increasing online and salesB.the pressure from its investorsC.the complaints from its readersD.the high cost of operation问题2

11、选项A.make strategic adjustmentsB.end the print edition for good.C.seek new sources of leadership.D.aim for efficient management问题3选项A.helps restore the glory of former timesB.is meant for the most loyal customersC.will have the cost of printing reducedD.expands the popularity of the paper.问题4选项A.trad

12、itional luxuries can stay unaffectedB.cautiousness facilitates problem-solvingC.aggressiveness better meets challengesD.legacy businesses are becoming out dated问题5选项A.Shift to Online Newspapers All at Once.B.Cherish the newspapers Still in Your HandC.Keep Your Newspapers Forever in FashionD.Make You

13、r Print Newspapers a Luxury Good【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.文章第二段The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper printing presses, delivery trucksisnt just expensive; its excessive at a time when online-only competitors dont have the same set of financial constraints提到现在发行一份纸质报纸所需要的印

14、刷机、配送卡是奢侈。在当下，只发行电子版报纸的同类报纸不受这种经济因素的制约。选项D “昂贵的运营费用”符合题意。2.文章第四段第一句Peretti says the Times shouldnt waste time getting out of the print business, but only if they go about doing it the right way提到Peretti认为泰晤士报不应该花时间去思考停止印刷纸质版，而是应该寻找正确的方法去解决问题。选项A “进行战略调整”符合题意。3.文章第六段第一句the most loyal customers would

15、still get the product they favor 提到最忠诚的顾客们依旧会选择他们一直喜欢的产品；make it for the people who are already obsessed with it 专门为最忠诚客户为生，由此推断选项B “专门为最忠诚客户为生”符合题意。4.文章最后一段最后一句in those situation, its better to be more aggressive that less aggressive提到碰到那种情况，迎难而上要比无所作为好。选项C符合题意。5.文章主要讲述了报纸行业为防止被淘汰而采取对策。文章第五、六段提到不应该

16、立即取消或者淘汰报纸行业，而应该把它变成一种更像文化遗产的产品，不断提高报纸的价格，变成一种奢侈品（I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product）。选项D符合题意。2. 单选题The archaeologist（ ） that the vase was 3500 years old.问题1选项A.utilizedB.upheldC.estimatedD.sustained【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。utilized “利用” ；upheld “坚持，维护” ；estimated “估计”；sustained

17、 “维持”。句意：考古学家估计这个花瓶有3500年的历史了。选项C符合题意。3. 单选题They（ ） his claim of innocence with eye-witness testimony问题1选项A.objectedB.opposedC.contradictedD.refuted【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。object “反对（一般与介词to搭配使用）”；oppose “反对；对抗，抗争”；contradict “反驳；否定；与 矛盾”；refute “驳斥”。句意：他们用目击者的证词来驳斥他声称自己无辜。选项D符合题意。4. 单选题Our teacher didnt

18、have time so far to go into it（ ） , but he gave us an idea about his plan.问题1选项A.in turnB.at handC.in conclusionD.at length【答案】D【解析】考查短语辨析。in turn“依次，轮流地”；at hand“手头，在手边”；in conclusion “综述，总结”；at length “终于，详尽地”。句意：到目前为止，我们老师没有时间详细讨论，但他给了我们一个关于他计划的想法。选项D符合题意。5. 单选题We cant understand Uncle George, fo

19、r he always （ ）whatever he says.问题1选项A.mastersB.mumblesC.molestsD.muzzles【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。master “控制；精通；征服”；mumble “含糊地说”；molest “骚扰，调戏；干扰”；muzzle “使 缄默”。句意：我们不能理解乔治叔叔说了什么，因为他总是含糊地说。选项B符合题意。6. 单选题（ ）of the grassland dwellers of the North American continent is the antelope, or pronghorn.问题1选项A.Typic

20、alB.The typicalC.Typical isD.While【答案】A【解析】考查倒装句。分析句子可知，这是一个倒装句，正常的语序是：the North American antelope，or pronghorn is typical of the grassland dwellers of the continent。选项A符合题意。句意：美洲羚羊，又叫叉角羚，是北美大陆典型的草原动物。7. 单选题（ ） asleep, the injured was really awake and listening.问题1选项A.Although pretending to beB.Bein

21、gC.To beD.While【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。空格处所在句子后半句句意：这个伤员清醒并且在认真听着。可知空格处应该是表示假装睡着，选项A符合题意。8. 单选题I remember（ ） to help us if we ever were in difficulties.问题1选项A.once offeringB.him once offeringC.him to offerD.to offer him【答案】B【解析】考查remember的用法。remember sb. doing sth. “记得某人做过某事”。remember sb. to do sth. “记得某人要

22、去做某事”。根据后面的动词 were 可知是发生在过去的事情，所以选项B符合题意。9. 单选题（ ） trouble, Im going to forget the whole affair.问题1选项A.Than rather causeB.Rather causingC.Rather than causeD.Rather than caused【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。Rather than do sth.是固定搭配，意为“与其做某事”。句意：与其惹麻烦，我打算忘记整件事情。选项C符合题意。10. 单选题Doctors are often under sharp criticism

23、nowadays for people believe they always （ ） too many medicines for minor illnesses.问题1选项A.prescribeB.orderC.deliverD.advise【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。prescribe “规定；开药；开处方”；order “命令；整理；定购”；deliver “交付；递送”；advise “建议”。句意：如今医生经常遭受尖锐的批评，因为人们认为他们总是针对小病开很多药。选项A符合题意。11. 单选题The people will rebel if they feel that t

24、hey are excluded （ ）sharing the wealth of the country.问题1选项A.outB.byC.fromD.without【答案】C【解析】考察短语搭配。be excluded from “从 中被排除”是固定搭配。选项C符合题意。句意：如果他们觉得自己被排除在国家财富分享之外，人民就会起来反抗。选项C符合题意。12. 单选题What the governments should do urgently is to take actions to（ ） the economy.问题1选项A.brookB.blushC.boostD.brood【答案】

25、C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。brook “容忍，允许”；blush “脸红，羞愧”；boost “促进，提高”；brood “沉思”。句意：政府现在迫切需要的是采取措施促进经济发展。选项C符合题意。13. 单选题Some minerals are quite common, others are regionally （ ）, and still others are rare on the earth.问题1选项A.attributedB.distributedC.contributedD.scattered【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。attribute “认为 是；把 归于”；di

26、stribute “分配，散发”；contribute “贡献”；scatter “分散，散开”。句意：有些矿藏很常见，有些则是区域性分布，还有些是地球上罕见的。选项B符合题意。14. 单选题The environment is everything that surrounds us: plants, animals, buildings, country, air, and water literally everything that can affect us in any way. The environment of a town, with its buildings and t

27、raffic and its noise and smells, where everyone is on top of everyone else, is a far cry from that of the countryside, with its fields and crops, its wild and domestic animals and its feeling of spaciousness. And the environment differs in different parts of the world.Ecology is the science of how l

28、iving creatures and plants exist together and depend on each other and on the local environment. Where an environment is undisturbed, the ecology of an area is in balance, but if a creature is exterminated（灭绝）or an alien species introduced, then the ecology of the district will be upset in other wor

29、ds, the balance of nature will be disturbed.Man is a part of the environment and has done more to upset the ecology during his short span on earth than any other living creature. He has done this by his ignorance, his greed, his foolishness and his wastefulness.He has poisoned that atmosphere and po

30、lluted both land and water. He has wasted the earths natural resources with no thought for the future, and has thought out the most devastating ways of killing his fellow men and every other sort of life at the same time.Since man has done so much damage, it is up to man to try to put matters right

31、if it is not already too late. If there is to be any remedy for our ills, that remedy ultimately lies in the hands of the young, and the sooner they start doing something about it, the better.One of the main causes of the earths troubles is that the world is overpopulated and that this overpopulatio

32、n is growing at an ever-increasing rate. At the same time, we are using up our natural resourcesfuels and mineral oresat an ever-increasing rate with no hope of replacing them.For many years the earth has been unable to provide enough food for these rapidly expanding populations and the position is

33、steadily deteriorating since the fertility of some of our richest soils has been lost and vast areas that were once fertile lands have turned into barren deserts. And the trouble with deserts is that they tend to creep outwards on to the fertile soils. What is now the northern Sahara Desert was the

34、granary（粮仓）of the civilized world 2,500 years ago.Even at this moment many of the earths natural treasures are being destroyed, many valuable animals and plants are being killed off,and it is becoming increasingly difficult to grow enough food to preserve much of the earths population from starvatio

35、n. The situation is getting out of hand. Time is running out. But with your help, we may be able to reverse the trends which threaten our very existence. Who cares?1.The ecology of an area is in balance if （ ）.2.During his life on earth, man has （ ）.3.The young（ ） .4.One of the greatest problems is

36、that there are （ ）.5.The main purpose of this passage is（ ） .问题1选项A.there is no noiseB.there is no interruptionC.there is no interferenceD.there are no people问题2选项A.done more than any living creatureB.caused the most damage to the ecologyC.damaged the ecology more than other living creaturesD.done m

37、ore harm than good问题3选项A.can handle the problemB.have the answer to the problemC.are responsible for the problemD.hold the responsibility for the future问题4选项A.many people in the world expanding rapidlyB.too many people in the world, and their numbers are increasingC.too many people increasing in the

38、 worldD.too many people in the world always expanding问题5选项A.to inform people about the science of ecologyB.to encourage people to do something about the environmentC.to criticize Mans actionsD.to help us understand the world we live in【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:D第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.文章第二段第二句Where an environment i

39、s undisturbed, the ecology of an area is in balance, but if a creature is exterminated or an alien species introduced, then the ecology of the district will be upset in other words, the balance of nature will be disturbed提到环境没有遭到破坏的地方就是生态平衡的地方，但是如果有某一种生物灭绝或者有外来物种入侵，那么这个地方的生态系统就会被破坏，换言之，自然界的生态平衡被打破。所

40、以选项C符合题意。2.文章第三段Man is a part of the environment and has done more to upset the ecology during his short span on earth than any other living creature 提到人类是环境的一部分，在其存在于地球上的短暂时间中，对生态造成的破坏比其他任何生物都多。选项C符合题意。3.文章第五段if it is not already too late. If there is to be any remedy for our ills, that remedy ulti

41、mately lies in the hands of the young, and the sooner they start doing something about it, the better 提到现在还不算太晚，还有补救的机会，主要就是靠年青一代，并且这些补救措施越早实施越好。选项D符合题意。4.文章第六段one of the main causes of the earths troubles is that the world is overpopulated and that this overpopulation is growing at an ever-increasi

42、ng rate提到让地球变成如今这样的主要原因之一便是世界人口过多，并且人口的数量还在不断增加。选项B符合题意。5.文章主要讲了人类对生态平衡造成的破坏，并且呼吁人们在还没到无法挽回的地步前赶紧采取措施，避免生态进一步恶化。选项B符合题意。15. 单选题Helen apologized for（ ） the party.问题1选项A.her not being able to attendB.her being not able to attendC.her being able not to attendD.not her being able to attend【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭

43、配。apologize for sb. doing sth. “因为某人做了某事而道歉”。否定词not应该放在being之前，选项A符合题意。16. 单选题The committee is （ ）a decision from the headquarters before it takes any action.问题1选项A.waitingB.awaiting forC.awaitingD.anticipating【答案】C【解析】考查动词和动词词组辨析。wait “等候”；await for这个词组不常见；await “等候”；anticipate “预期；期望”。句意：采取任何行动之前，

44、委员会正在等待总部的一个决定。wait 后面要接一个介词 for 再加等待的对象；await可以直接接宾语。选项C符合题意。17. 单选题（ ） he tried to understand Shakespeares tragedies, he failed all the same.问题1选项A.Hard asB.As hardC.Hard althoughD.Though hard【答案】A【解析】考查as 引导的让步状语从句。句意：虽然他尽力去理解莎士比亚的悲剧作品，但是却仍然失败了。选项A符合题意。18. 单选题One of the requirements for a fire is

45、 that the material（ ）to its burning temperature.问题1选项A.be heatedB.is heatedC.would heatedD.to heated【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气的用法。requirement为主语，所以后面应该使用虚拟语气，后面的动词形式是should do，表示 “要求 ，其中should是可以省略的。Material与heat之间应该是被动语态，所以应该是should be heated，其中should可以省略，所以选项A符合题意。19. 单选题If you are always sitting up at night

46、, Im afraid you may （ ）from overwork soon.问题1选项A.fallB.descendC.sickenD.collapse【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。fall “落下；降落”；descend “下降；下来”；sicken “生病”；collapse “倒塌；瓦解”。句意：如果你晚上总是熬夜，那么我担心你可能会因为过度劳累而倒下。选项D符合题意。20. 单选题Much of the language used to describe mometary policy, such as“steering the economy to a soft lan

47、ding”or “a touch on the brakes”, makes it sound like a precise science. Nothing could be further from the truth. The link between interest rates and inflation is uncertain. And there are long, variable lags before policy changes have any effect on the economy. Hence there is an analogy that likens t

48、he conduct of mometary policy to driving a car with a blackened windscreen, a cracked rear-view mirror and a faulty steering wheel.Given all these disadvantages, central bankers seem to have had much to boast about of late. Average inflation in the big seven industrial economies fell to a mere 2.3%

49、last year, close to its lowest level in 30 years, before rising slightly to 2.5% this July. This is a long way below the double-digit rates which many countries experienced in the 1980s and early 1990s.It is also less than most forecasters had predicted. In late 2003 the panel of economists which Th

50、e Economists polls each month said that Americas inflation rate would average 3.5% in 2004. In fact, it fell to 2.6% in August, and is expected to average only about 3% for the year as a whole. In Britain and Japan inflation is running half a percentage point below the rate predicted at the end of l

51、ast year. This is no flash in the pan, over the past couple of years, inflation has been consistently lower than expected in Britain and America.Economists have been particularly surprised by favorable inflation figures in Britain and the United States, since conventional measures suggest that both

52、economies, and especially Americas，have little productive slack. Americas capacity utilisation, for example, hit historically high levels earlier this year, and its jobless rate (5.6% in August) has fallen below most estimates of the natural rate of unemployment-the rate below which inflation has ta

53、ken off in the past.Why has inflation proved so mild? The most thrilling explanation is, unfortunately, a little, defective. Some economists argue that powerful structural changes in the world have up-ended the old economic models that were based upon the historical link between growth and inflation

54、.1.According to the text, making monetary policy changes（ ）.2.From the passage we learn that（ ）.3.The passage suggests that（ ）.4.By saying This is no flash in the pan (in Paragraph 3) the author implies that（ ）.5.How does the author feel about the present situation?问题1选项A.is comparable to driving a

55、carB.is similar to carrying out scientific workC.will not influence the economy immediatelyD.will have an immediate impact on the inflation rates问题2选项A.there is a clear relationship between inflation and interest ratesB.the economy always follows particular trendsC.the current economic problems are

56、entirely predictableD.the present economic situation is better than expected问题3选项A.the previous economic models are still applicable.B.an extremely low jobless rate will lead to inflation.C.a high unemployment rate will result from inflation.D.interest rates have an immediate effect on the economy.问

57、题4选项A.the low inflation rate will continueB.the inflation rate will rise againC.inflation will disappear entirelyD.there is no inflation at present问题5选项A.Tolerant.B.Indifferent.C.Disappointed.D.Surprised.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:B第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.文章第一段提到政策对经济的影响是需要很长一段时间的（and there are long, variable lags b

58、efore policy changes have any effect on the economy），选项C的描述与之相符，所以符合题意。2.文章第一段提到利率与通货膨胀的关系并不明确（The link between interest rates and inflation is uncertain）所以选项A排除；文章提到近年来的经济状况出乎人们的预期，与预测的不一样，所以选项B和C不符合。所以选项D符合题意。3.文章第四段最后一句话the rate below which inflation has taken off in the past提到过去认为失业率低于正常失业率时候，通货膨胀会上升，选项B符合题意。4.This is no flash in the pan 指的是“这不是昙花一现”。文章第三段提到了美国、英国、日本在2004年的低通货膨胀率后指出，事实上，在过往的几年中，这些国家的通货膨胀率一直低于预测（It is also less than most forecasters had predicted）。选项A符合题意。5.文章多次表示现在的经济状况好得出乎人们的预料，所以选项D符合题意。