2022年考博英语-浙江工业大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第9期

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1、2022年考博英语-浙江工业大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题Prior to the 20th century, many languages with small numbers of speakers survived for centuries. The increasingly interconnected modern world makes it much more difficult for small language communities to live in relative isolation, which is a key factor in

2、 language maintenance and preservation.It remains to be seen whether the world can maintain its linguistic and cultural diversity in the centuries ahead. Many powerful forces appear to work against it: population growth, which pushes migrant populations into the worlds last isolated locations; mass

3、tourism; global tele-communications and mass media; and the spread of gigantic global corporations. All of these forces appear to signify a future in which the language of advertising, popular culture, and consumer products become similar. Already English and a few other major tongues have emerged a

4、s global languages of commerce and communication. For many of the worlds peoples, learning one of these languages is viewed as the key to education, economic opportunity, and a better way of life.Only about 3,000 languages now in use are expected to survive the coming century. Are most of the rest d

5、oomed in the century after that?Whether most of these languages survive will probably depend on how strongly cultural groups wish to keep their identity alive through a native language. To do so will require an emphasis on bilingualism (mastery of two languages). Bilingual speakers could use their o

6、wn language in smaller spheres-at home, among friends, in community settings-and a global language at work, in dealings with government, and in commercial spheres. In this way, many small languages could sustain their cultural and linguistic integrity alongside global languages, rather than yield to

7、 the homogenizing forces of globalization.Ironically, the trend of technological innovation that has threatened minority languages could also help save them. For example, some experts predict that computer software translation tools will one day permit minority language speakers to browse the Intern

8、et using their native tongues. Linguists are currently using computer-aided learning tools to teach a variety of threatened languages.For many endangered languages, the line between revival and death is extremely thin. Language is remarkably resilient, however. It is not just a tool for communicatin

9、g, but also a powerful way of separating different groups, or of demonstrating group identity. Many indigenous communities have shown that it is possible to live in the modern world while reclaiming their unique identities through language.6. Minority languages can be best preserved in（ ）.7. Accordi

10、ng to Paragraph 2, that the world can maintain its linguistic diversity in the future is（ ）.8. According to the author bilingualism can help（ ）.9. Computer technology is helpful for preserving minority languages in that it（ ）.10. In the authors view, many endangered languages are（ ）.问题1选项A.an increa

11、singly interconnected worldB.maintaining small numbers of speakersC.relatively isolated language communitiesD.following the tradition of the 20h century问题2选项A.uncertainB.unrealisticC.foreseeableD.definite问题3选项A.small languages become acceptable in work placesB.homogenize the worlds languages and cul

12、turesC.global languages reach home and small communitiesD.speakers maintain their linguistic and cultural identity问题4选项A.makes learning a global language unnecessaryB.facilitates the learning and using of those languagesC.raise public awareness of saving those languagesD.makes it easier for linguist

13、s to study those languages问题5选项A.remarkably well-kept in this modern worldB.exceptionally powerful tools of communicationC.quite possible to be revived instead of dying outD.a unique way of bringing different groups together【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:C【解析】6.事实细节题。根据题干关键词可以定位到第一段Prior to the 20th ce

14、ntury, many languages with small numbers of . which is a key factor in language maintenance and preservation.（在20世纪之前，许多少数人使用的语言存活了几个世纪。现代世界的相互联系日益紧密，使得小型语言社区很难相对孤立地生活，这是语言维护和保存的一个关键因素。）由此可判断少数民族语言在相对孤立的语言群中保存最好，因此C选项“相对孤立的语言群体”正确。A选项“一个联系日益紧密的世界”；B选项“保持少量的发言者”以及D选项“遵循20世纪的传统”都不是文章的观点。7.判断推理题。根据题干和选

15、项关键词定位到第二段第一句It remains to be seen whether the world can maintain its linguistic and cultural diversity in the centuries ahead. （在未来几个世纪，世界是否能继续维持其语言学和文化的多样性还有待观之。）作者然后用若干事例说明了这一看法，因此A选项“不确定的”正确。B选项“不现实的”；C选项“可预见的”以及D选项“确定的”都不符合原文。8.事实细节题。根据题干关键词定位到第四段的第三、四句Bilingual speakers could use their own lan

16、guage in smaller spheres . rather than yield to the homogenizing forces of globalization.（双语者可以在更小的范围内使用母语在家里，在朋友之间，在社区环境中在工作中，在与政府打交道时，以及在商业领域中使用一种全球语言。通过这种方式，许多小语种可以与全球语言一起保持其文化和语言的完整性，而不是屈服于全球化的同质化力量。）由此可见，双语现象是有助于讲双语者保持他们语言和文化的特性的，因此D选项“（帮助）讲双语者保持他们的语言和文化的特性”正确。A选项“小语言在工作场所变得可以接受”，目前还没有；B选项“使世界语

17、言和文化同质化”过度推断；C选项“全球语言到达家庭和小社区”，无关项。9.判断推理题。根据题干关键词定位到第五段的第二句For example, some experts predict that computer software translation tools will one day permit minority language speakers to browse the Internet using their native tongues（举例来说，一些专家预测，计算机软件翻译工具有朝一日将可以让使用小语种的人用他们的母语浏览互联网。）由此可推断，电脑技术有助于保存小语种语

18、言，使得学习和使用这些语言变得更容易，因此B选项“促进这些语言的学习和使用”正确。A选项“让学习一门全球性的语言变得不必要”，是不正确的，作者一直在强调小语种使用者要是能够学习一门全球性语言会对保存自己的小语种更有帮助；C选项“提高公众拯救这些语言的意识”，这不是计算机起的的作用；D选项“让语言学家更容易学习这些语言”，是让语言学家教授而不是学习。10.事实细节题。根据题干关键词定位到第六段For many endangered languages, the line between revival and death is extremely thin. Language is remark

19、ably resilient, however. It is not just a tool for communicating . possible to live in the modern world while reclaiming their unique identities through language.（对于许多濒临灭绝的语言，在复兴和灭亡之间的界限极为细小。然而，语言是有活力的，它不但是交流的工具，而且是分开不同的群体或显示不同群体身份的有力方法。许多原生的群落的情况已表明，通过语言他们既可以生活在现代，又能维持其独特的身份，这是完全可能的。）由此可见，按作者的看法，很多

20、濒危的语言很可能得到复兴而不是灭绝，因此C选项“很有可能复活而不是死亡”正确。A选项“在现代社会，它保存得非常好”，不正确，现在人们是在努力让它更好的保存下来；B选项“非常强大的通讯工具”，过度推断；D选项“一种独特的方式把不同的群体聚在一起”，不是把不同的群体聚在一起，而是相同的。2. 单选题Im much obliged to your kindness.问题1选项A.delightfulB.vitalC.gratefulD.respectful【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项delightful“可爱的，讨人喜欢的”；B选项vital“至关重要的，生死攸关的”；C选项gratef

21、ul“感谢的，令人愉快的”；D选项respectful“恭敬的，有礼貌的”。句意：我非常感谢你的好意。句中的obliged to是“感激”的意思，因此C选项符合题意。3. 单选题Medicine depends on other fields for basic information, particularly some of their specialized branches.问题1选项A.conventionallyB.obviouslyC.inevitablyD.especially【答案】D【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项conventionally“通常”；B选项obviously“

22、明显地”；C选项inevitably“不可避免地”；D选项especially“尤其”。句意：医学依赖于其他领域的基本信息，特别是某些领域的专业信息分支。表达的是“特别”的意思，因此D选项符合题意。4. 单选题His consciousness of the urgency of the situation encouraged him to hurry.问题1选项A.identificationB.recognitionC.comprehensionD.awareness【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项identification“鉴定，识别（具体的，外在的可以看到信息）”；B选项re

23、cognition“识别，承认（其他人眼中是怎样的看法）”；C选项comprehension “理解，包含”；D选项awareness“意识，认识”。句意：他对形势紧急的意识促使他赶快行动。原句表达的意思是，他的意识在督促他行动，因此D选项符合题意。5. 单选题Both a persons heredity and his environment help to shape his character.问题1选项A.familyB.educationC.nationalityD.surroundings【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项family“家庭”；B选项education“教育”

24、；C选项nationality“国籍”；D选项surroundings“环境”。句意：一个人的遗传和他所处的环境都有助于塑造他的性格。D选项与原文划线词词义最接近，因此D选项符合题意。6. 翻译题Brown最新出版的书中提出：关于人类对生态的影响，最乐观的估计也表明它已经超过了地球再生能力的20%左右。拯救巨大压力下的地球和麻烦不断的人类文明迫在眉睫。Brown在书中使用了一连串令人沮丧的统计数据对物种灭绝、水资源短缺以及石油生产量下降所引发的经济动荡进行了描述，特别强调了气候变化带来的系列负面效应以及应对措施。他所描述的由气候变化引起的混乱状态令人震惊，但有说服力：世界上最贫穷的人们与似乎更

25、加饥饿的生物燃料产业之间在开展食物争夺。在石油价格日益上涨，产量逐渐变少，最后有可能枯竭的情况下，生物燃料产业的任务是确保发达国家的越野车能在道路上疾驰。穷人始终处于劣势地位。Brown 认为拯救地球的计划必须是消除贫困，稳定人口。但是，在执行本计划过程中，必须处理好经济利益和全球金融机构的“民主赤字”问题，因为穷人通常被排除在外。【答案】In Browns latest book, he argues that the most optimistic estimates of mans impact on ecology suggest that it has exceeded about

26、20% of the planets regenerative capacity. It is imperative to save a planet under great pressure and a troubled human civilization. Brown uses a series of depressing statistics to describe the economic turmoil caused by species extinction, water shortages and declining oil production, with a particu

27、lar emphasis on the negative effects of climate change and what can be done about them. His description of the chaos caused by climate change is shocking but persuasive: a competition for food between the worlds poorest people and a biofuels industry that seems even hungrier. As oil prices rise and

28、production runs out, the biofuel industrys job is to keep the developed worlds off-road vehicles on the road. The poor are always at a disadvantage. Brown believes that the plan to save the planet must be to eradicate poverty and stabilize population. However, in implementing the plan, the “democrat

29、ic deficit” of economic interests and global financial institutions must be addressed, since the poor are often excluded.7. 单选题Let children learn to judge their own work. A child learning to talk does not learn by being corrected all the time. If corrected too much, he will stop talking. He notices

30、a thousand times a day the difference between the language he uses and the language those around him use. Bit by bit, he makes the necessary changes to make his language like what other people say. In the same way, when children learn to do all the other things they learn to do without being taught-

31、to work, run, climb, whistle, or ride a bicycle. They compare those performances with those of more skilled people, and slowly make the needed changes.But in school we never give a child a chance to find out his own mistakes for himself, let alone correct them. We do it all for him. We act as if we

32、thought that he would never notice a mistake unless it was pointed out to him, or correct it unless he was made to. Soon he becomes dependent on the teacher. Let him do it himself. Let him work out, with the help of other children if he wants it, what this word says, what answer is to that problem,

33、whether this is a good way of saying or doing this or not. If it is a matter of right answers, as it may be in mathematics or science, give him the answer book. Let him correct his own papers.Why should we teachers waste time on such routine work? Our job should be to help the child when he tells us

34、 that he cant find a way to get the right answer. Lets end this nonsense of grades, exams and marks. Let us throw them all out, and let the children learn what all educated persons must some day lean, that is, how to measure their own understanding and how to know what they know or do not know. Let

35、them get on with this job in the way that seems most sensible to them, with our help as school teachers if they ask for it.The idea that there is a body of knowledge to be learnt at school and used for the rest of ones life is nonsense in a world as complicated and rapidly changing as ours. Anxious

36、parents and teachers say, “But suppose they fail to learn something essential, something they will need to get in the world?” Dont worry! If it is essential, they will go out into the world and learn it.46. What does the author think is the best way for children to learn things?47. According to the

37、passage, a teachers duty is to（ ）.48. The passage suggests that learning to speak and learning to ride a bicycle（ ）.49. The extreme view of the author is that childrens progress should only be assessed by（ ）.50. The author thinks that if children are always corrected, they will grow up to be（ ）.问题1选

38、项A.By making mistakes and having them pointed out by others.B.By having their mistakes corrected.C.By noticing their problems and making changes.D.By listening to explanations from skilled people.问题2选项A.provide students with help when it is neededB.find out students mistakes and correcting themC.tea

39、ch students knowledge essential for their future lifeD.help students find out correct answers问题3选项A.provide essential skills for learning to growB.need a lot of teaching and correctionC.are similar in that they are learnt by practicing and making changesD.are quite different in the way they are pick

40、ed up naturally问题4选项A.educatorsB.children themselvesC.teachersD.parents问题5选项A.fearful of making mistakesB.too critical of themselvesC.unable to think for themselvesD.unable to use basic skills【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:C第4题:C第5题:C【解析】46.事实细节题。根据题干关键词定位到第一段They compare those performances with those of more sk

41、illed people, and slowly make the needed changes.（他们将这些表现与更熟练的人进行比较，然后慢慢地做出必要的改变。）也就是说孩子们学习很多技能和学习语言一样，犯了错误不需要总是被指出并纠正，他们会自觉地与其他人做比较，从而发现问题，并且做出改变，这样是对他们最好的，因此C选项“通过注意他们的问题并做出改变”，正确。A选项“通过犯错误并让别人指出来解决”；B选项“通过纠正他们的错误”以及D选项“通过听取技术人员的解释”都不是文章所认为的最好的方式。47.事实细节题。根据题干信息定位到第三段第二句Our job should be to help t

42、he child when he tells us that he cant find a way to get the right answer.（当孩子告诉我们他找不到正确的答案时，我们的工作应该是帮助他。）因此A选项“在学生需要的时候提供帮助”，正确。B选项“找出学生的错误并改正”；C选项“教给学生未来生活所必需的知识”；D选项“帮助学生找出正确的答案”，都是错误的做法。48.事实细节题。根据题干可以定位到第一段In the same way, when children learn to do all the other things they learn to do without

43、being taught-to work, run, climb, whistle, or ride a bicycle.（同样地，当孩子们学会做所有他们没有被教过的事情时工作、跑步、爬山、吹口哨或骑自行车。）They compare those performances with those of more skilled people, and slowly make the needed changes.（他们将这些表现与更熟练的人进行比较，然后慢慢地做出必要的改变。）可以看出来，作者的观点是，无论是骑自行车也好，说话也好，都是在不断地练习和更改中进步的，因此C选项“学习说话和学习骑自行

44、车是相似的，因为他们是通过练习和改变来学习的”正确。A选项“提供学习成长所需的基本技能”；B选项“需要大量的教学和纠正”以及D选项“它们的自然学习方式有很大不同”都不正确。49.判断推理题。根据题干关键词定位到第三段Let us throw them all out, and let the children learn what all educated persons must some day lean, that is, how to measure their own understanding and how to know what they know or do not kno

45、w. （让我们把它们都扔掉，让孩子们学习所有受过教育的人将来必须学习的东西，那就是，如何衡量自己的理解力，如何知道自己知道什么，不知道什么。）根据这句话的意思也就是说，我们应该教育孩子们要学习和知道的并不是所谓的正确答案，重要的是要对自己已知和未知的东西有一个正确的了解，因此只有他们才能对自己的能力做出正确评价。因此B选项“孩子本身”，正确。A选项“教育者”；C选项“老师”以及D选项“家长”，文章没有提及。50.事实细节题。根据题干关键词定位到第二段前半段We act as if we thought that he would never notice a mistake unless it

46、 was pointed out to him, or correct it unless he was made to. Soon he becomes dependent on the teacher.（除非向他指出错误，否则他永远不会注意到错误，或者除非让他改正错误。很快他就变得依赖老师了。）这句话就表明，如果不断地去改正孩子，他将无法独立思考，因此C选项“他们长大后将无法独立思考”正确。A选项“害怕犯错”；B选项“对自己太严格”；D选项“没有掌握基本技能的能力”都是原文没有提到的。8. 单选题The most pressing problem any economic system f

47、aces is how to use its scarce resources.问题1选项A.urgentB.difficultC.terrifyingD.puzzling【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项urgent“紧急的，急迫的”；B选项difficult“困难的”；C选项terrifying“令人恐惧的”；D选项puzzling“令人迷惑的”。句意：任何经济体系面临的最紧迫的问题是如何利用其稀缺的资源。句中划线词的定义是“紧迫的”，与A选项最为接近，因此A选项符合题意。9. 翻译题Reading is not the only way to acquire knowledge o

48、f preceding work. There is another large reservoir which may be called experience, and the college student will find that every craftsman has something he can teach and will generally teach gladly to any college student who does not look down upon them with ill-concealed distain. The information fro

49、m these quarters differs, from that in, textbooks and papers chiefly in that its theoretical partthe explanations of why things happenis frequently quite fantastic. But the demonstration and report of what happens, and how it happens, are sound even if the reports are in completely unscientific term

50、s. Presently the college student will learn, in this case also, what to accept and what to reject. One important thing for a college student to remember is that if Aristote could talk to the fisherman, so can he.Another source of knowledge is the vast store of traditional practices handed down from

51、father, to son, or mother to daughter, of old country customs, of folkore. All this is very difficult for a college student to explore, for much knowledge and personal experience is needed here to separate good plants from wild weeds.【答案】阅读并不是获得以前的知识的唯一途径。还有一个大宝库，我们可以称之为经验。大学生会发现，每一个工匠都有他能教的东西，而且如果一

52、个大学生不轻蔑地看待他们，工匠一般都会很乐意去教他们。来自这些方面的信息与教科书和论文中的信息不同，主要在于其理论部分是对事物发生的原因进行解释可能常常是相当荒诞的。但是，关于发生了什么以及如何发生的演示和报告却是可靠的，即使这些报告是完全不科学的。现在的大学生也会知道，什么该接受，什么该拒绝。一个大学生要记住的最重要一点就是，如果亚里士多德能和渔夫说话，他也能。另一个知识来源是从父亲传给儿子或母亲传给女儿的大量传统习俗、古老的乡村习俗和民间传说。所有这些对于一个大学生来说都是很难探索的，因为这里需要很多知识和个人经验来区分好的植物和野生杂草。10. 单选题Full face transpla

53、nts are no longer science fiction fantasy, a leading surgeon has said, adding that they are technically（21）but ethically complex. Peter Butler from Londons Royal Free Hospital（22）a debate on the ethics of such an（23）made possible by new drugs which stop the bodys immune system（24）a transplanted face

54、. “It is not can we do it? but should we do it?”, he told BBC. “The（25）part is not complex, and I dont think thats going to be the very great（26）. The ethical and moral debate is（27）going to have to take place （28）the first facial transplantation.”The British Association of Plastic Surgeons will dis

55、cuss the micro-surgical（29）, which should give new skin, bone, nose, chin, lips and ears from deceased donors to patients disfigured by accidents, bums or cancer. But surgeons could have trouble finding enough（30）donors. Butler said his（31）of doctors, nurses and members of the public showed most wou

56、ld（32）a face transplant but few were willing to（33）their own after dying.Despite a number of ethical（34）, Christine Piff, who founded the charity Lets Face It after suffering a （35）facial cancer 25 years ago, welcomed the（36）of face transplants. She rejected the idea that the procedure would mean pe

57、ople would end up（37）with a dead persons face. “There are so many people without faces, I have half a face . but we are all so much more than just a face . you dont（38）their responsibility. You are still you,” she told reporters. “If we can donate other（39）of the body then why not the face. I cant s

58、ee anything（40）with it.”问题1选项A.acceptableB.feasibleC.predictableD.understandable问题2选项A.called upB.called onC.called forD.called in问题3选项A.answerB.optionC.operationD.approach问题4选项A.to rejectB.rejectC.rejectingD.rejected问题5选项A.technicalB.actualC.ethicalD.scientific问题6选项A.easeB.skillC.techniqueD.difficu

59、lty问题7选项A.attractivelyB.adequatelyC.eagerlyD.obviously问题8选项A.untilB.exceptC.beforeD.after问题9选项A.procedureB.measureC.possibilityD.solution问题10选项A.possibleB.obligedC.likelyD.willing问题11选项A.examinationB.checkC.surveyD.visit问题12选项A.receiveB.rejectC.acceptD.offend问题13选项A.replaceB.donateC.allowD.agree问题14

60、选项A.concernsB.remarksC.commentsD.dislikes问题15选项A.frequentB.habitualC.rareD.scarce问题16选项A.difficultyB.possibilityC.customD.point问题17选项A.to liveB.livingC.liveD.lived问题18选项A.take inB.take backC.take onD.take away问题19选项A.functionsB.portionsC.sharesD.organs问题20选项A.wrongB.reasonableC.successfulD.unlikely【

61、答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:C第4题:C第5题:A第6题:D第7题:D第8题:C第9题:A第10题:A第11题:C第12题:C第13题:B第14题:A第15题:C第16题:B第17题:B第18题:C第19题:D第20题:A【解析】21.考查形容词辨析。A选项acceptable“可接受的”；B选项feasible“可行的”；C选项predictable“可预测的”；D选项understandable“可以理解的”。句意：一位著名外科医生表示，全脸移植已不再是科幻小说中的幻想，并补充说，它们在技术上是_，但在伦理上很复杂。根据后文的“但是在伦理上很复杂”，可得知，前半句和后半句语义上相反，

62、因此前半句表达的意思是“在技术上是可行的”，B选项符合题意。22.考查词组辨析。A选项called up“召集，打电话给”；B选项called on“拜访”；C选项called for“呼吁，要求”；D选项called in“召来”。句意：来自伦敦皇家自由医院的彼得巴特勒_对这种手术的伦理问题进行讨论。根据后面他的做法，可以看出他是在呼吁大家进行讨论，因此C选项符合题意。23.考查名词辨析。A选项answer“答案”；B选项option“选择”；C选项operation“手术，操作”；D选项approach“方法，方式”。句意：来自伦敦皇家自由医院的彼得巴特勒呼吁对这种_的伦理问题进行讨论。这种手术是通过新药来阻止人体免疫系统对移植面部的排斥而成为可能的。前文说到得“脸部移植”是一种手术，因此C选项符合题意。24.考查非谓语。空格前面的谓语是stop，而stop有两种搭配：stop to do sth.（停止正在做的事，去做另一件事）以及stop doing sth.（停下来做某事）。句意：可以阻止人体免疫系统排斥移植的脸。而原