2022年考博英语-西北工业大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解9

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1、2022年考博英语-西北工业大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题We rarely perceive more than a minute（ ）of the sights and sounds that fall upon our sense organs; the great majority pass us by.问题1选项A.fictionB.functionC.fractionD.friction【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。fiction “小说，虚构的事”；function “功能，职能”；fraction “小部分，少量”；friction “摩擦，冲突

2、”。句意：我们只能察觉到被我们感官所接收的很少一部分的景象和声音，而忽视了大部分。选项C符合题意。2. 单选题Over-taxation, many argue, impedes initiative, so that government income may actually（ ）.问题1选项A.mushroomB.capsizeC.shrinkD.dispel【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。mushroom “迅速增加；迅速生长”；capsize “倾覆； 翻覆”；shrink “收缩；畏缩”；dispel驱逐；消除（烦恼等）”。句意：很多人认为税收过重会打击进取心，因而政府的收入可

3、能会减少。选项C符合题意。3. 单选题Pirated compact disks and floppy disks remained the second biggest vehicle for the spread of computer viruses despite the governments determined efforts to quash software piracy.问题1选项A.boostB.preventC.crushD.restrict【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管政府决心盗版软件，但是盗版光碟和软盘仍然是电脑病毒传播的第二大媒介。boost“使增

4、长，使兴旺”；prevent “预防，阻止”；crush “压碎，捣碎”；restrict “（以法规）限制；约束”。根据后面的“software piracy”可知是“政府打击盗版软件”，推测出划线单词quash的意思是“打击，镇压”，因此选项D符合题意。4. 单选题Peter became angry and said that （ ）.问题1选项A.he was tried to listen to themB.the listening to them was tired for himC.he was tiring listening to themD.he was tired of

5、 listening to them【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。be tired of doing sth. “厌烦做某事”。句意：皮特很生气，说他很讨厌听他们讲话。选项D符合题意。5. 单选题When we credit the successful people with intelligence, physical strength or good luck, we are making excuses for ourselves because we fall（ ）in all three.问题1选项A.rareB.lackingC.shortD.scarce【答案】C【解析】考查

6、形容词词义辨析。rare “稀罕的”；lacking “缺乏的；匮乏的”；short “缺乏的”； scarce “不足的”。句意：当我们知晓成功人士拥有智力、体力和好运时，我们在为自己找借口，因为我们缺少这三样。fall short固定搭配，意思是“缺乏”，选项C符合题意。6. 单选题As there was not enough money to bury all dead AIDS orphans, 23 babies were interred in a modest cemetery in South Africa before World AIDS Day.问题1选项A.paren

7、tless childrenB.miserable victimsC.contagious bodiesD.infectious patient【答案】A【解析】查名词词义辨析。句意：由于没有足够的钱安葬所有患艾滋病去世的，23名婴儿在世界艾滋病日之前被安葬在南非一个不起眼的墓地里。parentless children “ 没有父母的孩子”；miserable victims “可怜的受害者”；contagious bodies “传染性的身体”；infectious patient “传染病患者”。划线单词的意思是“孤儿”，因此选项A符合题意。7. 单选题So fast（ ）that it

8、 is difficult for us to imagine its speed.问题1选项A.has light traveledB.light travelsC.does light travelD.travels light【答案】C【解析】考查倒装句。由 so / suchthat结构中的so或such与其修饰成分位于句首表示强调时，主句要进行倒装，因此选项C符合题意。8. 单选题The State Council will lay down new rules that aim to make management compatible with internationally a

9、ccepted conventions.问题1选项A.conferencesB.conversationsC.practicesD.formations【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：国务院将制定新的规则来使得管理与国际惯例一致。conference “会议”；conversation “（非正式） 交谈，谈话”；practice “实践，惯例”；formation “组成”。根据前面的 “lay down new rules” 可推测出划线单词的意思是“规则”，因此选项C符合题意。9. 单选题Martin Luther King, Jr. persuaded his followe

10、rs to bring the（ ）of the American Negroes to the attention of the United Nations, but they did not act very effectively.问题1选项A.conspiracyB.pledgeC.plightD.compulsion【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。conspiracy “阴谋；共谋”；pledge “保证；誓言；抵押”；plight “困境；苦境”；compulsion “强制；强迫”。句意：马丁路德金说服他的追随者去让联合国关注美国黑人的苦境，但是他们的行动没取得什么效果。选

11、项C符合题意。10. 单选题Ringing church bells sets up（ ）in the Alpine valleys.问题1选项A.resonanceB.forestsC.church buildingD.priests【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。resonance “共鸣；反响；回声”；forest “森林”；church building“教堂建筑”；priest “牧师；神父”。句意：响亮的教堂钟声在阿尔卑斯山谷中回响。选项A符合题意。11. 单选题What we consider a luxury at one time frequently becomes a

12、 （ ）, many families find that ownership of two cars is indispensable.问题1选项A.fashionB.necessityC.proclivityD.nuisance【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。fashion “时尚；时装；样式”；necessity “需要；必需品”；proclivity “倾向；癖性”；nuisance “讨厌的人；损害”。句意：我们曾经认为的奢侈品频繁地成为了必需品，很多家庭发现拥有两辆车是很有必要的。选项B符合题意。12. 单选题Rachel was the（ ）choice for the jo

13、b thanks to her communication skills问题1选项A.unanimousB.genuineC.harmoniousD.agreeable【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。unanimous “意见一致的；无异议的”；genuine “真实的；诚恳的”；harmonious “和谐的；协调的”；agreeable “令人愉快的；合适的”。句意：蕾切尔因为出色的交流技能成为这份工作无异议的人选。选项A符合题意。13. 单选题It has been announced that physicists from different countries will ga

14、ther in New York for a （ ）next month.问题1选项A.symphonyB.symposiumC.symptomD.symmetry【答案】B【解析】考查形近词词义辨析。symphony “交响乐；和声”；symposium “讨论会”；symptom “症状；征兆”；symmetry “对称（性）；整齐”。句意：据称下个月来自不同国家的物理学家们将聚在纽约参加一个讨论会。选项B符合题意。14. 单选题Cyberspace, data superhighways, multimediafor those who have seen the future, the

15、 linking of computers, television and telephones will change our lives forever. Yet for all the talk of a forthcoming technological utopia little attention has been given to the implications of these developments for the poor. As with all new high technology, while the West concerns itself with the

16、how, the question of “for whom” is put aside once again.Economists are only now realizing the full extent to which the communications revolution has affected the world economy. Information technology allows the extension of trade across geographical and industrial boundaries, and transnational corpo

17、rations take full advantage of it. Terms of trade, exchange and interest rates and money movements are more important than the production of goods. The electronic economy made possible by information technology allows the haves to increase their control on global marketwith destructive impact on the

18、 have-nots.For them the result is instability. Developing countries which rely on the production of a small range of goods for export are made to feel like small parts in the international economic machine. As “futures” are traded on computer screens, developing countries simply have less and less c

19、ontrol of their destinies. So what are the options for regaining control? One alternative is for developing countries to buy in the latest computers and telecommunications themselves so-called “development communications” modernization. Yet this leads to long-term dependency and perhaps permanent co

20、nstraints on developing countries economies.Communications technology is generally exported from the U.S. Europe, or Japan; the patents, skills and ability to manufacture remain in the hands of a few industrialized countries. It is also expensive, and imported products and services must therefore be

21、 bought on credit-credit usually provided by the very countries whose companies stand to gain.Furthermore, when new technology is introduced there is often too low a level of expertise to exploit it for native development. This means that while local elites, foreign communities and subsidiaries of t

22、ransitional corporations may benefit, those whose lives depend on access to the information are denied it.1.From the passage we know that the development of high technology is in the interest of（ ）.2.It can be inferred from the passage that（ ）.3.Why does the author say that the electronic economy ma

23、y have a destructive impact developing countries?4.The development of modern communications technology in developing countries may（ ）.5.The authors attitude toward the communications revolution is （ ）.问题1选项A.the rich countriesB.scientific developmentC.the eliteD.the world economy问题2选项A.international

24、 trade should be expandedB.the international of the poor countries have not been given enough considerationC.the exports of the poor countries should be increasedD.communications technology in the developing countries should be modernized问题3选项A.Because it enables the developed countries to control t

25、he international market.B.Because it destroys the economic balance of the poor countriesC.Because it violates the national boundaries of the poor countries.D.Because it inhibits the industrial growth of developing countries.问题4选项A.hinder their industrial productionB.cause them to lose control of the

26、ir tradeC.force them to reduce their share of exportsD.cost them their economic independence问题5选项A.positiveB.riticalC.indifferentD.tolerant【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:B【解析】第1题:细节事实题。文章第二段最后一句提到“信息科技使得电子经济成为可能，这将让富裕国家加强对全球市场的控制，而对贫困国家则是毁灭性的影响”（The electronic economy made possible by information techn

27、ology allows the haves to increase their control on global marketwith destructive impact on the have-nots），由此可知，高科技的发展意味着富裕国家的利益不断增加，选项A符合题意。第2题:推理判断题。文章第一段提到对于那些看得见未来的人来说，计算机、电视和电话将永远改变我们的生活；但是却很少有人关注这些科技的发展对穷人的影响（for those who have seen the future, the linking of computers, television and telephon

28、es will change our lives forever. Yet for all the talk of a forthcoming technological utopia little attention has been given to the implications of these developments for the poor），由此可知贫困国家的利益并没有得到重视，选项B符合题意。第3题:推理判断题。文章第二段最后一句提到“信息科技使得电子经济成为可能，这将让富裕国家加强对全球市场的控制，而对贫困国家则是毁灭性的影响”（The electronic econom

29、y made possible by information technology allows the haves to increase their control on global marketwith destructive impact on the have-nots），由此可知，由于电子经济会使得全球市场掌控在富裕国家手中，因而贫穷国家的利益将会受到损害，选项A符题意。第4题:细节事实题。文章第三段主要讲述了通信技术对发展中国家的影响。文章提到发展中国家对自己命运的掌控越来越少，为了重新获得控制权，它们会考虑通信现代化（“development communications”

30、modernization），但是这样做的后果是会导致长期依赖和对本国经济永久地制约（Yet this leads to long-term dependency and perhaps permanent constraints on developing countries economies），由此可知选项D“付出了经济独立的代价”符合题意。第5题:观点态度题。文章讨论的主要内容是通信技术对发展中国家的负面影响，作者对此是持否定态度的，因此，选项B“批判的”符合题意。15. 单选题When I stayed in the country, I used to walk in the fi

31、elds at night and to see（ ）of stars.问题1选项A.the circulationB.a clusterC.the fallingD.myriads【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。circulation“流通；传播；发行量”；cluster“群；簇”；falling “下降；落下”；myriad “无数”。句意：当我待在乡村的时候，我经常晚上在田地里散步和看无数的星星。选项D符合题意。16. 单选题The book shifted her outlook from social to spiritual, for its theme was that be

32、fore you change other people you have to change yourself.问题1选项A.viewpointB.vocationC.prospectD.preference【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这本书将她的从社会转向精神方面，因为它的主题是在改变他人之前，你必须先改变自己。viewpoint “观点，视角”；vocation “职业”；prospect “前景，期望”；preference“偏爱，倾向”。根据“from social to spiritual”可推测划线单词的意思是“观点”，因此选项A符合题意。17. 单选题Johnso

33、ns business survived on a（ ）relationship with only a few customers.问题1选项A.tentativeB.salientC.lucrativeD.insubstantial【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。tentative “试探性的；暂定的 ；salient “显著的； 突出的”；lucrative “有利可图的；有利的”；insubstantial “脆弱的；非真实的”。句意：约翰逊的生意靠与仅有的几个顾客的有利可图的关系维持着。选项C符合题意。18. 单选题Most nurses are women, but in t

34、he higher ranks of the medical profession women are in a（ ）.问题1选项A.scarcityB.minorityC.minimumD.shortage【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。scarcity “不足，缺乏”；minority “少数，少数派”；minimum“最小值”；shortage “不足，缺少”。句意：大部分护士是女性，但是在更高级别的医疗职业中，女性却只有少数。选项B符合题意。19. 单选题Motorways are, no doubt the safest roads in Britain. Mile（1）mile

35、, vehicle for vehicle, you are much（2） likely to be killed or seriously injured than on an ordinary road. On（3） hand, if you do have a serious accident on a motorway, fatalities are much more likely to（4）than in a comparable accident（5） on the roads.Motorways have no（6） bends, no roundabouts or traf

36、fic lights and （7） speeds are much greater than on other roads. Though the 70 mph. limit is（8） in force, it is often treated with the contempt that most drivers have for the 30 mph limit applying in built up areas in Britain. Added to this is the fact that motorway drivers seem to like traveling in

37、groups with perhaps（9） ten meters between each vehicle. The resulting horrific pile-ups（10） one vehicle stops for some reason, such as mechanical failure, driver error and so on, have become all（11）familiar through pictures in newspapers or on television. How（12）of these drivers realize that it take

38、s a car about one hundred meters to brake to a stop（13） 70 mph? Drivers also seem to think that motorway driving gives them complete protection from the changing weather.（14） wet the road, whatever the visibility in mist or fog, or they（15） at ridiculous speeds, oblivious of police warnings or speed

39、 restrictions（16） their journey comes to a conclusion. Perhaps one remedy（17） this motorway madness would be better driver education. At present, learner drivers are bared（18） motorways and are thus, as far as this kind of driving is（19） , thrown in at the deep end. However, much more efficient poli

40、cing is required,（20） it is the duty of the police not only to enforce the law but also to protect the general public from its own foolishness.问题1选项A.forB.afterC.toD.by问题2选项A.moreB.farC.lessD.lesser问题3选项A.anotherB.otherC.oneD.the other问题4选项A.come upB.occurC.be foundD.arise问题5选项A.everywhereB.elsewher

41、eC.anywhereD.somewhere问题6选项A.pointedB.steepC.verticalD.sharp问题7选项A.thusB.thenC.soD.thereupon问题8选项A.yetB.evenC.stillD.subsequently问题9选项A.utterlyB.simplyC.barelyD.purely问题10选项A.becauseB.sinceC.whenD.for问题11选项A.tooB.alsoC.undulyD.unreasonably问题12选项A.manyB.muchC.deeplyD.profoundly问题13选项A.toB.fromC.atD.f

42、or问题14选项A.WhateverB.HoweverC.WhoeverD.How问题15选项A.pushB.rakeC.tillD.plough问题16选项A.unlessB.beforeC.thusD.until问题17选项A.toB.forC.ofD.on问题18选项A.fromB.againstC.awayD.off问题19选项A.relatedB.consideredC.concernedD.touched问题20选项A.butB.thenC.themD.for【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:D第4题:B第5题:B第6题:D第7题:A第8题:C第9题:C第10题:C第11题:A第

43、12题:A第13题:B第14题:B第15题:D第16题:D第17题:B第18题:A第19题:C第20题:D【解析】第1题:考查介词辨析。根据空格处后的“vehicle for vehicle”可知空格处填入的也应该是介词“for”。选项A符合题意。第2题:考查逻辑关系。文章首句提到“高速公路是英国最安全的道路”（motorways are, no doubt the safest roads in Britain），由此可知在高速公路上被杀死或者受伤的概率要比普通公路低，因此选项C符合题意。第3题:考查固定搭配。上题提到在告诉公路上被杀死或者受伤的概率比普通公路低，由此可知这里将提到的是关于高

44、速公路的另一个方面，on the other hand “另一方面”为固定搭配，选项D符合题意。第4题:考查动词词义辨析。come up “出现；开始”；occur “发生”；be found “被发现”；arise “上升；出现”。空格处所在句子的大意“如果你在高速公路上发生了严重的车祸，那么死亡事故更有可能出现”，选项B符合题意。第5题:考查副词词义辨析。everywhere “到处”；elsewhere “在别处；到别处”；anywhere “在任何地方；无论何处”；somewhere “在某处；到某处”。由“than”可知这里是将高速公路和其他路段的死亡事故进行对比，所以选项B符合题意

45、。第6题:考查形容词词义辨析。pointed “尖的；突出的”；steep “陡峭的；不合理的；夸大的；急剧升降的”；vertical “垂直的”；sharp “急剧的；锋利的”。空格处所在句子的大意是“高速公路上没有、没有绕道或者红绿灯”，根据bend可以推测空格处指“急弯”，因此选项D符合题意。第7题:考查代词辨析。空格处前面提到“高速公路上没有急弯、没有绕道或者红绿灯”，空格处后提到“速度比其他道路上的要快很多”，二者存在因果关系，由于前面有连词and，所以只能选thus。第8题:考查副词词义辨析。yet “还（一般用于否定句中）”；even “甚至；即使”；still “仍然”；sub

46、sequently “随后，其后”。空格处所在句子的大意是“尽管70千米每小时的限速有效力，但是经常被轻视”，由此可知，英国很多司机认为每小时70千米的限速太慢，但是这个速度依然在执行，因此选项C符合题意。第9题:考查副词词义辨析。utterly “完全地；绝对地”；simply “简单地；简直地”；barely “仅仅；几乎不；勉强”；purely “纯粹地”。空格处所在句子的大意是“实际上高速公路司机看起来喜欢结伴而行，每辆车之间的距离十米”，根据后文的“horrific pile-ups”（可怕的堆积）可知十米车距太短，因此选项C符合题意。第10题:考查连词辨析。because “因为”

47、；since “自以来；既然；因为”；when “当时”；for “为了；因为”。空格处后的句子“一辆车由于某种原因停下，比如机器故障，驾驶错误等”，可知空格处单词的意思是“当时候”，选项C符合题意。第11题:考查固定搭配。固定搭配，all too familiar “太熟悉了”。选项A符合题意。第12题:考查固定搭配。many “许多”，修饰可数名词；much “许多，大量”，修饰不可数名词；deeply “深刻地”；profoundly “深刻地，嫉妒地”。空格处所在句子的大意是“有多少驾驶员能意识到每小时70千米的速度从刹车到停止需要大约100米的距离”，选项A符合题意，how many

48、 “多少”。第13题:考查介词辨析。根据上题的句意，可知选项B符合题意。第14题:考查逻辑关系。空格处后提到“whatever the visibility in mist or fog”（不管在雾中的能见度是什么），可知对应的是“无论路面有多潮湿”，选项B符合题意。第15题:考查动词词义辨析。push “推动，增加”；rake “用耙子耙；扫射；搜寻”；till “耕作”；plough “用犁耕田；开路”。空格处后提到“以荒谬的速度，无视警察的警告和限速标志”，空格处填入选项D“开路”这个词符合题意。第16题:考查连词辨析。unless “除之外；除非”;before “在以前；先于”；th

49、us “因此”；until “在以前；直到时”。根据第80题可知空格处所在句子的大意是“直到他们的旅程结束”，因此选项D符合题意。第17题:考查固定搭配。the remedy for sth.“对某事补救”，选项B符合题意。第18题:考查固定搭配。be barred from “被禁止”，空格处所在句子的大意是“现在，驾驶学员被禁止上高速公路”。选项A符合题意。第19题:考查固定搭配。as far as be concerned “就而言”，选项C符合题意。第20题:考查逻辑关系。空格处前面提到“然而，必须实行更加有效的管理”，空格处后面提到“警察的职责不仅是施行法律”，前后形成了一个因果关系

50、，因此选项D符合题意。20. 单选题The large towers of the George Washington Bridge were not encased in masonry but were left exposed to reveal their handsome steel structure.问题1选项A.harshB.hoarseC.good-lookingD.flagrant【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：乔治华盛顿大桥的桥塔并没有采用砖石结构，而是直接将塔身暴露在外，显示出它钢结构。harsh “严酷的”；hoarse “嘶哑的”；good-looking “好看的，漂亮的”；flagrant “骇人听闻的”。根据“steel structure”可以推测出handsome的意思是“雄伟的”。选项C符合题意。