2022年考博英语-宁夏大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第15期

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1、2022年考博英语-宁夏大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题For the people who have never traveled across the Atlantic the voyage is a fantasy. But for the people who cross it frequently one crossing of the Atlantic is very much like another, and they do not make the voyage for the（1）of its interest. Most of us are qu

2、ite happy when we feel（2）to go to bed and pleased when the journey（3）. On the first night this time I felt especially lazy and went to bed（4）earlier than usual. When I（5）my cabin, I was surprised （6）that I was to have a companion during my trip, which made me feel a little unhappy. I had expected（7）

3、but there was a suitcase（8）mine in the opposite comer. I wondered who he could be and what he would be like. Soon afterwards he came in. He was the sort of man you might meet（9）? Except that he was wearing（10）good clothes that I made up my mind that we would not（11）whoever he was and did not say（12）

4、. As I had expected, he did not talk to me either but went to bed immediately.I suppose I slept for several hours because when I woke up it was already the middle of the night. I felt cold but covered（13）as well as I could and tries to go back to sleep. Then I realized that a（14）was coming from the

5、window opposite. I thought perhaps I had forgotten（15）the door, so I got up（16）the door but found it already locked from the inside. The cold air was coming from the window opposite. I crossed the room and（17）the moon shone through it on to the other bed,（18）there. It took me a minute or two to（19）t

6、he door myself. I realized that my companion （20）through the window into the sea.问题1选项A.reasonB.motiveC.causeD.sake问题2选项A.tired enoughB.enough tiredC.enough tiringD.enough tiring问题3选项A.is achievedB.finishC.is overD.is in the end问题4选项A.quiteB.ratherC.fairlyD.somehow问题5选项A.arrived inB.reached toC.arri

7、ved toD.reenacted at问题6选项A.to seeingB.that I sawC.at seeingD.to see问题7选项A.being lonelyB.to be lonelyC.being aloneD.to be alone问题8选项A.likeB.soC.similar thanD.the same that问题9选项A.in each placeB.for all partsC.somewhereD.anywhere问题10选项A.a soB.soC.Such aD.such问题11选项A.treat together wellB.pass together w

8、ellC.get on well togetherD.go by well together问题12选项A.him a single wordB.him not one wordC.a single word to himD.not one word to him问题13选项A.up meB.up myselfC.to myselfD.myself up问题14选项A.draftB.voiceC.airD.sound问题15选项A.to closeB.closingC.to have to closeD.for closing问题16选项A.to shutB.for shuttingC.in

9、shuttingD.but shut问题17选项A.while doing like thatB.as I did like thatC.as I did soD.at doing问题18选项A.It was no oneB.There was no oneC.It was anyoneD.There was an one问题19选项A.remind to lockB.remember to lockC.remind lockingD.remember locking问题20选项A.had to jumpB.was to have jumpedC.must have jumpedD.could

10、 be jumped【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A第6题:D第7题:D第8题:A第9题:D第10题:D第11题:C第12题:C第13题:D第14题:A第15题:A第16题:A第17题:C第18题:B第19题:D第20题:C【解析】1.考查固定搭配。D选项for the sake of“为了，由于”；A选项，for the reason of“由于，因为”；B选项for the motive of“出于的动机”；C选项for the cause of“因为”，带入原文我们可以发现D为最佳项，句意：他们不是为了利益而远航的。2.考查形容词辨析。形容人感到疲倦用tired

11、，形容某事或某物能引起疲劳，很累人用tiring；当修饰形容词时，enough要放在形容词后。原文的主语是人，要用tired。答案为A。3.考查over的用法。be over“结束”。achieve“实现”，finish“结束”，语义上可以的，但是动词跟在journey后应为三单形式加词尾-es，in the end“最后”。4.考查副词辨析。quite，rather，fairly这几个副词均可表示“适度的”，“在某种程度上”或“不很”的意思，常用以改变所修饰的形容词或副词的分量。但是只有rather可与比较级的词语连用，空格后面有比较级earlier，因此答案为B。5.考查动词词组。arri

12、ve in some place“到达某地”；没有arrive to这一搭配，排除C；reach表示“到达”时为及物动词，后面无需加介词，因此排除B；D选项reenacted at没有此项搭配，排除。6.考查固定搭配。I was surprised to see“看到使我很惊讶”，固定搭配。be surprised at something因某事物而吃惊，与题意不符。其他的选项均无此搭配，B选项的表达不符合英语的语言规范，排除。7.考查动词词组和形容词辨析。expect to do something “预计会做某事”，固定搭配，排除A、C。lonely 强调寂寞的感觉，alone只表示一人独

13、处，并不强调寂寞感；而原文看得出来作者并不寂寞，所以他想表达的只是一个独处的含义，答案为D。8.考查副词辨析。like和as都表示“像一样”，不同之处在于like后面跟词，而as引导从句； 没有similar than这个表达，D选项也不对，应该是the same as。因此能够表达出“像我的一样”的语义且和后文搭配的只有A。9.考查介词辨析。anywhere“任何地方，随处”，强调任何；in each place在每个地方，强调每个； somewhere某个地方，for all parts没有这个搭配。根据原文的语义我们推测是说“他是那种你随处都能见到的人”排除B、C；然后并不是强调每个地方

14、，而是随处可见，因此答案为D。10.考查副词辨析。clothes是复数，不能用a修饰，排除A、C；修饰名词（good clothes）应用such，而so用来修饰形容词，因此排除B，选择D。11.考查固定搭配。get on well together“相处融洽”，其余的A、B、D均无此搭配，因此答案为C。12.考查固定搭配。say something to somebody“对某人说某事”，固定搭配。tell somebody something也可以。主句中已有否定词not，从句中就不必再加了，因此排除B、D。13.考查固定搭配。cover something /somebody up和co

15、ver up something/somebody都对，但如果something/somebody是用代词表示的话，则只能用cover something /somebody up，且这里应该用反身代词，所以选cover myself up，答案为D。14.考查名词辨析。A选项draft“通风气流”，根据上下文可判断作者感觉到一股冷风；B选项“声音”；C选项“空气”，表达的含义单一，不如A选项的“冷风”准确；D选项“声音，噪音”，因此答案为A最佳。15.考查动词词组的含义。forget to do“忘记做应该做的事”，forget doing“已经做过某事，但忘记了，以为还没做”，根据题意我们

16、知道作者是忘记去做某事，因此排除B；而D选项没有这个搭配，排除；C选项have to是必须的意思，原文并没有说作者非得管它不可，因此错误；答案选择A。16.此处起床的目的是去关门，to和for都可以表目的，但是for后面要加名词，而to要加动词，后面加shut，所以选to shut the door；C和D没有表目的的用法。17.考查时间状语从句。as I did so当我穿过房间的时候”；A选项没有主语，因此不符合规范；B选项过于重复；D选项不全；因此C为最佳项。18.考查there be句型。A和C的表达不对，排除；根据上下文可推知此处要表达的意思是“床上没有人”，所以用there be结

17、构的否定，排除D，答案为B。19.考查动词辨析。A选项表达不正确，正确的表述是remind somebody to do something“提醒某人去做某事”，其中的不定式所表示的动作尚未发生；B选项remember to do something“记得要做没有做的事”； C选项表述也不对，正确的是remind somebody of doing something“使某人想起已经做过某事”，A和C的表达是不对的，因此排除；D选项remember doing something“想起来曾经做过的事”；而关门这件事是作者之前就做过的，只是现在要想起来，因此答案为D。20.考查情态动词。A选项“

18、一定是”不表推测；B选项“要去做，并且做了”；C选项must have done something 表示对过去把握比较大的推测，“肯定已经”；D选项could be 表示对过去的推测但是把握不大，“可能已经”。通过上文的“我意识到”可以看出，作者应该是对过去的行为进行推测，并且有一定把握，答案为C。2. 单选题The gangster（ ）at his helpless victim and put a cigarette just out of reach.问题1选项A.sneeredB.scornedC.grinnedD.glared【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项sneered“

19、嘲笑，冷笑”；B选项scorned“轻蔑”；C选项grinned“露齿而笑，咧着嘴笑”；D选项glared“怒目而视，瞪眼看”。句意：歹徒对他那无助的受害者（ ），并把一支烟放在刚好够不到的地方。根据歹徒后面的行为可以看出，歹徒对这个受害者发出冷笑，因此A选项符合题意。3. 单选题The food we eat seems to have profound effects on our health. Although science has made enormous steps in making many food more fit to eat, it has, the same ti

20、me, made many foods unfit to eat. Some research has shown that perhaps 80% of all human illness is related to diet and 40% of cancer is related to the diet as well, especially cancer of the colon.Different cultures are more prone to contract certain illness because of the food that is characteristic

21、 in these cultures. That food is related to illness is not a new discovery. In 1945, government researches realized that nitrates and nitrites, commonly used to preserve color in meats, and other food additives caused cancer. Yet, these carcinogenic additives remain in our food, and it becomes more

22、difficult all the time to know which things on the packaging lakes of processed food are helpful or harmful. The additives which we eat are not all so direct. Farmers often give penicillin to beef and poultry, and because of this, penicillin has been found in the milk of treated cows. Sometimes, sim

23、ilar drugs are administered to animals not for medicinal purposes but for financial reasons. The farmers are simply trying to fatten the animals in order to obtain a higher price on the market. Though the Food and Drug Administration (FAD) has tried repeatedly to control these procedures, the practi

24、ces continue.1.How has science done a disservice to mankind?2.What are nitrates used for?3.What does FDA mean?4.The word “carcinogenic” means most nearly the same as（ ）.5.Which of the following sentences is not true?问题1选项A.Because of science, disease caused by contaminated food has been virtually er

25、adicated.B.It has caused a lack of information concerning the value of food.C.As a result of scientific intervention, some potentially harmful substances have been added to our food.D.The scientists have preserved the color of meats, but not of vegetables.问题2选项A.They preserve flavor in packaged food

26、s.B.They preserve the color of meats.C.They are the objects of research.D.They cause the animals to become fatter.问题3选项A.Food Direct Additives.B.Final Difficult Analysis.C.Food and Drug Administration.D.Federal Diary Additives.问题4选项A.trouble-makingB.color-retainingC.money-makingD.cancer-causing问题5选项

27、A.Drugs are always given to animals for medical reason.B.Some of the additives in our food are added to the food itself and some are given to the living animals.C.Researchers have known about the potential hazards of food additives for over 35 years.D.Food may cause 40% of cancer in the world.【答案】第1

28、题:C第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.判断推理题。根据题干信息定位到第一段Although science has made enormous steps in making many food more fit to eat, it has, the same time, made many foods unfit to eat.（虽然科学已取得巨大进展，使许多食物更适合食用，但与此同时，它也使许多食物不宜食用。）也就是说很多添加剂式的食物容易导致一些疾病，因此C选项“由于科学的干预，一些潜在的有害物质被添加到我们的食物中。”正确。A选项“由于科学的发展，由受污染的食物引

29、起的疾病实际上已经被根除了。”和题干提问并不符合；B选项“它导致了关于食物价值的信息的缺乏。”这个不是原文的观点；D选项“科学家们保存了肉的颜色，却没有保存蔬菜的颜色。”与题干不符。2.判断推理题。根据题干信息定位到第二段In 1945, government researches realized that nitrates and nitrites, commonly used to preserve color in meats（1945年，政府部门的研究人员认识到，用于肉类颜色保鲜的硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐和其他食品添加剂能致癌）因此B选项“它们能保持肉的颜色”正确。A选项“它们能保存包装食品

30、的风味。”不是保存风味；C选项“它们是研究的对象”，与原文不符；D选项“它们使动物变得更胖”与原文不符。3.事实细节题。根据题干关键词定位到最后一句话Though the Food and Drug Administration (FAD) has tried repeatedly to control these procedures, the practices continue.（尽管食品和药物管理局（FAD）多次试图控制这些程序，但这种做法仍在继续。）因此C选项“食品和药物管理局”正确。A选项“食物直接添加剂”；B选项“最终困难分析”；D选项“联邦乳品添加剂”都不正确。4.语义推测题。

31、根据关键词定位到commonly used to preserve color in meats, and other food additives caused cancer. Yet, these carcinogenic additives remain in our food（用于肉类颜色保鲜的硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐和其他食品添加剂能致癌。然而，这些致癌添加剂仍然存在于我们的食品中。）因此可以得出这些物质都是致癌的，因此D选项“致癌的”正确。A选项“制造麻烦的”；B选项“护色的”；C选项“赚钱的”都不正确。5.事实细节题。A选项“由于医学原因，药物总是给动物服用”在原文的最后一段Someti

32、mes, similar drugs are administered to animals not for medicinal purposes but for financial reasons.（有时让动物服用这类药物并不是为了治病，而是为了经济上的原因。）因此A选项不正确。B选项“我们食物中的一些添加剂是添加到食物本身，还有一些是给活的动物吃的。”在最后一段Farmers often give penicillin to beef and poultry（农民经常给牛肉和家禽注射青霉素）；C选项“研究人员已经知道食品添加剂的潜在危害超过35年了。”在最后一段In 1945, gover

33、nment researches realized that nitrates and nitrites, commonly used to preserve color in meats, and other food additives caused cancer. （1945年，政府部门的研究人员认识到，用于肉类保鲜的硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐和其他食品添加剂能致癌。）；D选项“食物可能会导致世界上40%的癌症”定位到第一段Some research has shown that perhaps 80% of all human illness is related to diet and 40%

34、 of cancer is related to the diet as well, especially cancer of the colon.（一些研究表明，大约80%的人类疾病与饮食有关，40%的癌症也与饮食有关，尤其是结肠癌。）4. 单选题During the 19th century further advances were made, notably Bessemers process for（ ）iron into steel, which made the material more commercially viable.问题1选项A.alteringB.varyingC

35、.convertingD.transforming【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项altering“变更”；B选项varying“相异，（根据情况）变化”；C选项converting“使改变，皈依”；D选项transforming“转化，发生巨变，发生巨大变化”。句意：在19世纪取得了进一步的进展，特别是将铁_为钢的贝西麦工艺，使这种材料更具有商业可行性。这里表达的意思是“将铁转化为钢”，因此D选项符合题意。5. 单选题The survival（ ）of some wild animals is not very high as they are ruthlessly hunted fo

36、r their skins.问题1选项A.ratioB.rateC.scaleD.standard【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项ratio“比例，比率”；B选项rate“进度，速度”，A项指的是两个量的比值，强调相比、相除的关系，B项指的是比率，速度，率等，如“tax rate税率”、“crime rate犯罪率”；这个句子中的生存率指的是“野生动物的存活数量和死亡的野生动物数量之比”，是两个数量之比，所以A项更符合。句意：一些野生动物的存活率不是很高，因为它们被残酷地猎杀以获取皮毛。；C选项scale“规模”；D选项standard“标准，水准”。因此A选项符合题意。6. 单选题My

37、 eyes had become（ ）to the now semi-darkness, so I could pick out shapes about seventy-five yards away.问题1选项A.inclinedB.accustomedC.vulnerableD.sensitive【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项inclined“有倾向”；B选项accustomed“习惯的，通常的”；C选项vulnerable“脆弱的，易碎的”；D选项sensitive“敏感的”。句意：我的眼睛已经_现在的半明半暗，所以我能辨认出75码外的形状。考查固定搭配be accustom

38、ed to“习惯于”，这里表示的是习惯于这种半明半暗的状况，因此B选项符合题意。7. 单选题When I emerged from the telephone box, I came face to face with a little man, who was looking as（ ）as a stray dog.问题1选项A.humbleB.patheticC.dreadfulD.merciful【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项humble“谦逊的，简陋的”；B选项pathetic“可怜的，悲哀的”；C选项dreadful“可怕的，糟透的，令人不快的”；D选项merciful“

39、仁慈的，慈悲的，宽容的”。句意：当我从电话亭出来时，迎面遇到一个小个子男人，他看上去像一只流浪狗一样（ ）。这里表达的意思是男人像流浪狗一样可怜，因此B选项符合题意。8. 单选题If you want to（ ）a pleasant visit, find out as much as possible about the manners and customs of your country.问题1选项A.secureB.assureC.insureD.ensure【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项secure“保护，弄到”；B选项assure“保证，担保”；C选insure“给保险”；

40、D选项ensure“确保，使安全”。句意：如果你想（ ）一个愉快的访问，就尽可能多地了解礼仪和贵国的风俗习惯。这里表达的含义是“确保有一个愉快的访问”，因此D选项符合题意。9. 单选题What is it that brings about such an intimate connection between language and thinking? Is there no thinking without the use of language, namely in concepts and concept-combinations for which words need not n

41、ecessarily come to mind? Has not every one of us struggled for words although the connection between “thing” was already clear?We might be inclined to attribute to the act of thinking complete independence from language if the individual formed or were able to form his concepts without the verbal gu

42、idance of his environment. Yet most likely the mental shape of an individual growing up under such conditions, would be very poor. Thus we may conclude that the mental development of the individual and his way of forming concepts depend to a high degree upon language. This makes us realize to what e

43、xtent the same language means the same mentality. In this sense thinking and language are linked together.What distinguishes the language of science from language as we ordinarily understand the word? How is it that scientific language is international? What science strives for is an utmost acutenes

44、s and clarity of concepts as regards their mutual relation and their correspondence to sensory data. As an illustration, let us take the language of Education geometry and Algebra. They manipulate with a small number of independently introduced concepts, respectively symbols, such as the integral nu

45、mber, the straight line, the point, as well as with signs which designate the fundamental operations, that is the connections between those fundamental concepts. This is the basis for the construction between concepts and statements on the one hand and sensory data on the other hand is established t

46、hrough acts of counting and measuring whose performance is sufficiently well determined.The super-national character of scientific concepts and scientific language is due to the fact that they have been set up by the best brains of all countries and all times. In solitude and yet in cooperative effo

47、rt as regards the final effect they created the spiritual tools for the technical revolutions which have transformed the life of mankind in the last centuries. Their system of concepts has served as a guide in the bewildering chaos of perceptions so that we learned to grasp general truths from parti

48、cular observations.What hopes and fears does the scientific method imply for mankind? I do not think that this is the right way to put a question. Whatever this tool in the hand of man will produce depends entirely on the goals alive in this mankind. Once these goals exist, the scientific method fur

49、nishes means to realize them. Yet it cannot furnish the very goals. The scientific method itself would not have led any where it would not even have been born without a passionate striving for clear understanding Perfections of means and confusion of goals seemin my opinionto characterize our age. I

50、f we desire sincerely and passionately the safety, the welfare and the free development of the talents of all men, we shall not be in want of the means of approach such a state. Even if only a small part of mankind strives for such goals, their superiority will prove itself in the long run.1.How doe

51、s the writer draw the conclusion that mental development of an individual depends much upon language?2.According to the writer, scientific language is（ ）.3.It can be inferred from the passage that the technical revolutions（ ）.4.Which of the following statements would the writer probably favor?5.The

52、writer thinks that the characteristics of our age are（ ）.问题1选项A.He studies statistics revealed by researchers.B.He managed to do it by reasoning.C.He does it by citing words from authorities.D.He merely asserts it to be the case.问题2选项A.super-nationalB.limitedC.abstractD.boring问题3选项A.have no spiritua

53、l toolsB.have enlightened the thoughts of mankindC.have the little influence on the worldD.have transformed the life of mankind问题4选项A.Scientific method can provide mankind with means to attain goals.B.Scientific method would lead us to doom and chaos.C.Scientific method can only lead to warfare.D.Sc

54、ientific method is more important than scientific language.问题5选项A.perfections of means and confusion of goalB.lack of scientific method and abundance of scientific languageC.perfections of language and confusion of thinkingD.lack of solitude and abundance of cooperation【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:D第4题:A第5题:A【

55、解析】1.判断推理题。根据题干信息定位到第二段的倒数第三句Thus we may conclude that the mental development of the individual and his way of forming concepts depend to a high degree upon language.（因此，我们可以得出这样的结论：个体的心理发展及其形成概念的方式在很大程度上依赖于语言。）作者在做这个断言之前，并没有给出过多的解释及论述，因此D选项“他只是断言这是事实”正确。A选项“他研究研究人员揭示的统计数据”，文章中作者并没有给出相应的数据；B选项“他通过推理

56、成功地做了这件事”，他是没有进行逻辑推理的；C选项“他通过引用权威的话来做这件事”，文章中并没有引用。2.事实细节题。根据题干关键词定位到第三段第二句话How is it that scientific language is international? （为什么科学语言是国际性的呢?）虽然是一个问句，但是也表明了大众是接受这个观点的，因此A选项“由多个国家组成的；超国家的”正确。B选项“有限制的”；C选项“抽象的”；D选项“无聊的”，这些都是干扰项。3.判断推理题。根据题干关键词定位到倒数第二段最后In solitude and yet in cooperative effort as r

57、egards the final effect they created the spiritual tools for the technical revolutions which have transformed the life of mankind in the last centuries. （他们孤独而又合作地为技术革命创造了精神工具，这些技术革命在过去几个世纪里改变了人类的生活。）可以看出技术革命改变了我们的生活，因此D选项“改变了人类的生活”正确。A选项“没有精神工具”，这句话说了它们创造了精神工具，因此A错误；B选项“启蒙了人类的思想”，原文的表述没有到这个程度，属于过度推

58、断；C选项“对世界有小小的影响”，它已经改变了人们的生活，因此不是“小小的影响”，C选项错误。4.判断推理题。根据选项关键词定位到最后一段Once these goals exist, the scientific method furnishes means to realize them. Yet it cannot furnish the very goals.（一旦这些目标存在，科学方法就提供了实现这些目标的手段，但它不能提供这些目标。）也就是说只要有目标，那么科学方法就会提供实现它们的手段，因此A选项“科学方法可以为人类提供实现目标的手段”正确。B选项“科学的方法会给我们带来厄运和混

59、乱”，不是文章的观点；C选项“科学方法只能导致战争”，不正确；D选项“科学的方法比科学的语言更重要”，这个文章并没有提到。5.判断推理题。根据题干关键词定位到最后一段Perfections of means and confusion of goals seemin my opinionto characterize our age.（在我看来，手段的完美和目标的混乱似乎是我们这个时代的特征。）因此A选项“手段的完美和目标的混乱”正确。B选项“科学方法的缺乏和科学语言的丰富”；C选项“语言能力和思维混乱”；D选项“缺乏独处和合作”，不是作者的观点。10. 单选题My niece Alice i

60、s（ ）in her way of living and always spends more money than is reasonable.问题1选项A.luxuriousB.distinguishedC.extravagantD.sophisticated【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项luxurious“奢侈的，丰富的，放纵的”；B选项distinguished“卓越的，著名的，高贵的”；C选项extravagant“奢侈的，浪费的，过度的”，更加倾向于具体的行为举止；D选项sophisticated“复杂的，精致的，久经世故的”。句意；我的侄女爱丽丝生活（ ），总是乱花钱。

61、而这里描述的是Alice的生活方式很奢侈，因此A选项符合题意。11. 单选题He told a story about his sister who was in a sad（ ） when she was ill and had no money.问题1选项A.plightB.polarizationC.plagueD.pigment【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项plight“困境，境况”；B选项polarization“极化，偏振”；C选项plague“瘟疫，鼠疫”；D选项pigment“色素，颜料”。句意：他讲了一个关于他妹妹的故事，她生病了，没有钱，（ ）非常悲惨。本句意为“妹

62、妹的处境非常悲惨”，因此A选项符合题意。12. 单选题In the summer of 1978 an English farmer named Ian Stevens was driving his tractor through a field of wheat when he discovered something strange. Some of his wheat was lying flat on the ground. The flattened（被压平的）wheat formed a circle about six meters across. Around this circle were four smaller circles of flattened wheat. In the following years more and more similar circles were found in a field of w