2022年考博英语-吉林大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第23期

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1、2022年考博英语-吉林大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题Who won the World Cup 2002 football game? What happened at the United Nations? How did the critics like the new play? （1）an event takes place; newspapers are on the streets（2）the details. Wherever anything happens in the world, reporters are on the spot to（3）

2、 the news.Newspapers have one basic（4）, to get the news as quickly as possible from its source, from those who make it to those who want to（5） it. Radio, telegraph, television, the Internet and（6）inventions brought competition for newspapers. So did the development of magazines and other means of co

3、mmunication （7）, this competition merely spurred the newspapers on. They quickly made use of the newer and faster means of communication to improve the（8）and thus the efficiency of their own operations. Today more newspapers are（9）and read than ever before. Competition also led newspapers to branch

4、out into many other fields. Besides keeping readers（10）of the latest news, todays newspapers（11）and influence readers about politics and other important and serious matters. Newspapers influence readers economic choices （12）advertising. Most newspapers depend on advertising for their very（13）Newspap

5、ers are sold at a price that（14） to cover even a small fraction of the cost of production. The main（15）of income for most newspapers is commercial advertising. The（16） in selling advertising depends on a newspapers value to advertisers. This（17）in terms of circulation. How many people read the newsp

6、aper? Circulation depends（18）on the work of the circulation department and on the services or entertainment（19）in a newspapers pages. But for the most part, circulation depends on a newspapers value to readers as a source of information（20）the community, city, country, slate, nation, and worldand ev

7、en outer space.问题1选项A.Just whenB.WhileC.Soon afterD.Before问题2选项A.to giveB.givingC.givenD.being given问题3选项A.gatherB.spreadC.carryD.bring问题4选项A.reasonB.causeC.problemD.purpose问题5选项A.makeB.publishC.knowD.write问题6选项A.anotherB.otherC.one anotherD.the other问题7选项A.HoweverB.AndC.ThereforeD.So问题8选项A.valueB.r

8、atioC.rateD.speed问题9选项A.spreadB.passedC.printedD.completed问题10选项A.informB.be informedC.to be informedD.informed问题11选项A.entertainB.encourageC.educateD.edit问题12选项A.onB.throughC.withD.of问题13选项A.formsB.existenceC.contentsD.purpose问题14选项A.triesB.managesC.failsD.succeeds问题15选项A.sourceB.originC.courseD.fin

9、ance问题16选项A.wayB.meansC.chanceD.success问题17选项A.measuresB.measuredC.is measuredD.was measured问题18选项A.somewhatB.littleC.muchD.something问题19选项A.offeringB.offeredC.which offeredD.to be offered问题20选项A.byB.withC.atD.about【答案】第1题:A第2题:A第3题:A第4题:D第5题:C第6题:B第7题:A第8题:D第9题:C第10题:D第11题:C第12题:B第13题:B第14题:C第15题:A

10、第16题:D第17题:C第18题:A第19题:B第20题:D【解析】（1）考查副词的用法。空格处所在句子的句意是：当一个事件刚发生的时候，报纸就会在街头进行转播事件的细节。空格处填写的单词或短语是用来形容事件一发生，就被报道了，just 在这里是副词，意思是“刚刚”，符合题意。选项A符合题意。（2）考查不定式的用法。to give 来表目的，意思是来到街上的目的是为了报道事件的细节。选项A符合题意。（3）考查动词词义辨析。gather“收集”，spread“传播”，carry“携带”，bring“带来”。空格处所在的句子的句意：无论世界上哪里有事件，记者都会在现场收集新闻。选项A符合题意。（4

11、）考查名词词义辨析。reason“理由”,cause“原因”， problem“问题”，purpose“目的”。空格处所在的句子的句意是：报纸有一个基本的目的，就是尽快从它的来源处获得新闻，并且将新闻从来源处传播给那些想要了解它的人。选项D符合题意。（5）考查动词词义辨析。 空格处所在的句子的句意是：报纸有一个基本的目的，就是尽快从它的来源处获得新闻，并且将新闻从来源处传播给那些想要了解它的人。选项C符合题意。（6）考查 other 与 another的用法。空格处所在句子的意思是：广播、电视、电报和因特网以及其他发明为报纸带来了竞争。another指泛指三个或以上的其他事物；other 泛指

12、别的人或物，所以other 符合题意。选项B符合题意。（7）考查连词的用法。空格的前后可以看出是一个转折关系，所以选项A符合题意。（8）考查名词词义辨析。空格处后面半句话的意思是提高自身运作的效率，可以判断出前文是提高速度，选项D符合题意。（9）考查动词词义辨析。空格处所在句子的句意是：现在更多的报纸被印刷并被人阅读，选项C符合题意。（10）考查固定搭配。keep sb informed of 保持对知情。选项D符合题意。（11）考查动词词义辨析。entertain“娱乐，取悦”，encourage“鼓励”，educate“教育”，edit“编辑”。空格处所在句子的句意是：现在的报纸在政治或者

13、其它重要并且严肃的问题上教育并且影响着读者。选项C符合题意。（12）考查介词词义辨析。influence through“通过.影响”，influence with“对有影响”，influence on“对影响”，influence of “某种影响”。空格处所在句子的句意是：报纸通过广告影响读者的经济选择。选项B符合题意。（13）考查名词词义辨析。空格处所在句子的句意是：大多数报纸的生存都是依靠广告。选项B符合题意。（14）考查动词词义辨析。空格处所在句子的句意是：报纸出售的价格甚至不够支付生产成本的一小部分。选项C符合题意。（15）考查名词词义辨析。空格处所在句子的句意是：大多数报纸的主要

14、收入来源是商业广告。选项A符合题意。（16）考查名词词义辨析。空格处所在句子的句意是：报纸出售广告能否成功取决于报纸对于广告商的价值。success in “在的成功”。选项D符合题意。（17）考查固定搭配。be measured in terms of “以为标准衡量”。选项C符合题意。（18）考查副词词义辨析。somewhat“多少有点”，little“几乎没有”，much“很大程度”，something “有点，大约”。这句讲的是报纸的流通受哪些因素制约，文章最后一句提到最重要的因素（for the most part），可以知道这里的因素不是最重要的。选项A符合题意。（19）考查非谓语

15、动词。空格处所填的词与前面的service 和 entertainment 是被动关系，选项B符合题意。（20）考查介词词义辨析。information about “关于的信息”。选项D符合题意。2. 单选题It is all very well to blame traffic jams,the cost of petrol and the quick pace of modern life, but maimers on the roads are becoming horrible. Everybody knows that the nicest men become monsters

16、 behind the wheel. You might tolerate the odd road hog, the rude and inconsiderate driver, but nowadays the well-mannered motorist is the exception to the rule. Perhaps the situation calls for a “ Be Kind to Other Drivers” campaign;otherwise it may get completely out of hand.Road politeness is not g

17、ood manners, but good sense too. It takes the most cool headed and good tempered of drivers to resist the temptation to revenge when subjected to uncivilized behavior. On the other hand, a little politeness goes a long way towards relieving the tensions of motoring. A friendly nod or a wave of ackno

18、wledgement in response to an act of politeness helps to create an atmosphere of goodwill and tolerance so necessary in modern traffic conditions. But such acknowledgements of politeness are all too rare today. Many drivers nowadays dont even seem able to recognize politeness when they see it.However

19、, misplaced politeness can also be dangerous. Typical examples are the drive who brakes violently to allow a car to emerge from a side street at some hazard to following traffic, when a few seconds later the road would be clear anyway;or the man who waves a child across a zebra crossing into the pat

20、h of oncoming vehicles that may be unable to stop in time. The same goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and whenever they care to.A veteran driver, whose manners are faultless, told me it would help if motorists learnt to filter correctly into traffic streams one at a time wit

21、hout causing the total blockages that give rise to bad temper. Unfortunately, modern motorists cant even learn to drive, let alone master the subtler aspects of roadsmanship. Years ago the experts warned us that the car ownership explosion would demand a lot more give and take from all road users. I

22、t is high time for all of us to take this message to heart.1.In the authors opinion，（ ）2.The sentence “You might tolerate the odd road hog the rule” ( Para. 1) implies that3.What would most probably happen nowadays when you show politeness to other drivers on road?4.The examples in the third paragra

23、ph are used to illustrate（ ） .5.Experts have long pointed out that in the face of car ownership explosion，（ ） .问题1选项A.strict traffic regulations are badly neededB.drivers should apply road politeness properlyC.rude drivers should be punishedD.drivers should avoid traffic jams问题2选项A.our society is un

24、just towards well-mannered motoristsB.rude drivers can be met only occasionallyC.the well-mannered motorist today cannot tolerate impolite driversD.nowadays impolite drivers constitute the majority of motorists问题3选项A.They would show politeness to you inversely.B.They would show thankfulness to you.C

25、.They would just drive on as nothing has happened.D.They would make way for you readily.问题4选项A.it is polite for drivers to let children and the old to cross the road firstB.the politeness shown in the wrong moment can lead to dangersC.it is dangerous to allow a car to emerge from a side street to fo

26、llow trafficD.drivers should recognize others politeness at the right moment问题5选项A.road users should make more sacrificeB.drivers should be ready to yield to each otherC.drivers should have more communication among themselvesD.drivers will suffer a great loss if they pay no respect to others【答案】第1题:

27、B第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.文章第一段提出交通状况与司机的态度之间的关系。第二段指出司机应该礼貌并且对他人的礼貌做出回应，这样才能创造出一个好的行车气氛。第三段作者话锋一转提到错误的礼貌是危险的并且举例说明如何危险。第四段作者号召司机正确考虑公路礼仪问题了。选项B“司机应该适当地使用公路礼仪”，符合题意。2.文章原句You might tolerate the odd road hog, the rude and inconsiderate driver, but nowadaysthe well-mannered motorist is the exception

28、to the rule. 你可以忍受那些奇怪自私、粗鲁、不顾及他人的司机，但是现在那些好教养的司机反而是不多见的。选项D “如今没有礼貌的司机占绝大部分”，与作者的描述一致，符合题意。3.文章第二段主要讲关于回应公路礼貌的问题，最后一句many drivers nowadays dont even seem able to recognize politeness when they see it “现在很多司机当他们看到别人的礼貌时无法认出”。选项C “他们会当没这回事直接开车走人”符合题意。4.文章第三段的例子是为了证明错误的行车礼仪是危险的（however, misplaced poli

29、teness can also be dangerous）。选项B符合题意。5.文章最后一段倒数第二句话 years ago the experts warned us that the car ownership explosion would demand a lot more give and take from all road users “很多年前专家就告诫我们拥有汽车的人数激增需要汽车使用者的让步”，选项B符合题意。3. 单选题In the cowboy movies produced by Hollywood, the “bad guys”（ ） get punished at

30、 the end.问题1选项A.inevitablyB.doubtlessC.deliberatelyD.readily【答案】A【解析】考查副词词义辨析。inevitably “不可避免地；必然地”；doubtless “无疑地；确定地”；deliberately “故意地”；readily “容易地；乐意地”。句意：在好莱坞出品的西部影片中，那些“坏人们”最后都无法避免被惩罚。选项A符合题意。4. 单选题Miss Helen always buys（ ）priced clothes.问题1选项A.higherB.highC.highestD.highly【答案】D【解析】考查副词词义辨析。

31、句意：海伦小姐经常买高价的衣服。选项D符合题意。5. 单选题I work as an office assistant in a small but growing garden equipment manufacturing company in California. A few months ago,my boss gave me the job of writing some sales letters which would be sent to the existing customers of our company. The objective was to get some

32、of our existing customers to purchase a new product that our company had just launched.Now, I had never written sales letters before in my life and had no idea of how to write even the first word. And even if I ended up writing a few lines,because I was so inexperienced, chances were that the sales

33、letters and business letters, would bomb completely and would hardly generate any sales for our company. So, in order to learn how to create more effective sales letter I went to the Internet and looked up a few sites which were selling samples, templates and examples of sales letters that claimed w

34、ould “increase sales by 10 000%”. Because they werent too expensive, I bought 2 such packages.Big mistake. I found that the samples and templates of the sales letters and business letters included in them looked so cheap that there was no way. I was going to send them to our customers. Even I would

35、have done a better job of writing sales letters! So I searched some more, and came across a site belonging to a person living in Maryland called Yanik Silver. He too was selling some templates and samples of sales letters and business letters. After having been duped with 2 such packages, I was natu

36、rally suspicious. I read through his site and found that he was offering a money back guarantee. While that made me feel a bit more comfortable, I first had to determine whether this person would be around to honor the guarantee should I want to return the package. So I sent an email to him (just to

37、 test whether he replies to customers，emails) and I got a reply from him within 4 hours. I also saw a comment in his site by one of his customers who had actually got a refund from him as soon as he had asked for the refund.Feeling more comfortable, I decided to go ahead and buy the package that he

38、was selling. Well, I was blown away! The samples, examples and templates of the sales letters and business letters included in his package were precisely the ones that I was looking for. And they were far, far better than any of the templates included in the 2 other packages I had bought. I quickly

39、customized one of the sales letter templates to fit my needs, had it approved by my boss, and sent them over to our customers. Within 2 weeks from the time that I sent out the letter, about 36% of the customers who received the letter ended up buying our new product. You could say that my boss was i

40、mpressed with what I had done!Since then, I have written quite a few sales letters for our company (simply by customizing the templates included in Yanks package) and all of them have generated excellent sales for us. So, if you want to learn how to write sales letters that get the sale, I highly re

41、commend Yaniks package.1.The purpose of the letters the author was asked to write was to（ ） .2.The sample letters and templates were so bad that （ ）3.Yanik Silver promises that （ ）4.To “customize” (the fourth paragraph) something means to “ （ ）5.This passage is most probably used for（ ） .问题1选项A.conv

42、ey information about his company to new customersB.promote a new product to regular customersC.increase the sales of a new product among regular customersD.explain the strengths of a new product to existing customers问题2选项A.customers complained about their content and formatsB.the author felt that he

43、 could have written better onesC.customers ended up by refusing to give any replyD.they annoyed the customers and the boss, too问题3选项A.he will reply within 4 hours when he receives an email from a customerB.a customer will be refunded if his samples and templates do not workC.he will go over to custo

44、mers to see what letters suit their situation betterD.he will pay the postage if the samples and templates are returned in a parcel问题4选项A.order it and have it delivered overB.change it and make it attractiveC.modify it to suit ones purposeD.purchase it on regular basis问题5选项A.promotionB.instructionC.

45、guidanceD.introduction【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:B第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.文章第一段最后一句话The objective was to get some of our existing customersto purchase a new product that our company had just launched，从这句话可知作者被要求写销售函件的目的是为了向他们现有的顾客推销他们公司的新产品，所以选项B符合题意。2.文章第三段提到I found that the samples and templates of the sales lette

46、rs and business letters included in them looked so cheap that there was no way. I was going to send them to our customers. Even I would have done a better job of writing sales letters! 作者在网上买的两页销售信件模板实在太差，他自己都可以写得比这个好。选项B符合题意。3.文章第三段提到 Yanik Silver将会offering a money back guarantee （不满意退费），选项B符合题意。4.

47、文章第四段提到作者对Yanik Silver提供的模板很满意。I quickly customizedone of the sales letter templates to fit my needs “我很快便找到了适合我需要的模板”，之后得到了老板的认可。由此可知，作者在原来的模板上进行了修改。选项C符合题意。5.文章是作者亲身经历，他向读者介绍了网上一个不错的销售信件模板。他是偶然在网上发现Yanik Silver这个网址，所以不能说是promotion (推销)，单纯地介绍了这个网址，所以选项D符合题意。instruction “指示，命令”；guidance “指导，引导”。6. 单

48、选题It was essential that the application forms（ ） back before the deadline.问题1选项A.must be sentB.would be sentC.be sentD.were sent【答案】C【解析】考查虚拟语气。由 it is vital (necessary, important等) + that 引导的主语从句中的谓语动词应该用虚拟语气的形式，动词应该用动词原形或 should +动词原形，选项C符合题意。7. 单选题Since about 1800,near the beginning of the Indust

49、rial Revolution, coal, petroleum, and gas have been used at a rapidly increasing rate. The supply of these（1） is limited, and electric power is very （2） in many places. Some scientists believe solar energy is the only （3） which can meet the worlds enormous（4）for power.Great progress had been made in

50、 harnessing the sun. Not only is the sun now used in cooking, （5） it also supplies power for （6） things as beacon lights for ships and airplanes. It（7）telephone lines, portable radios, electric clocks, hearing aids, and even communication. Some homes and office buildings in the United States are now

51、 being（8）with solar energy.The three most significant types of solar equipment（9） are the furnace, the still, and the cell. Solar furnaces heat water or air,（10）is then circulated through a building to make it comfortable.Solar stills are （11） important because they can provide （12） water at a relat

52、ively cheap rate. Salt can easily be （13） from sea water with a solar still.The most highly developed type of solar （14） equipment is the solar cell. Some cells are so （15）that they can turn 16 percent of the energy they receive from the sun（16） electric energy. One of the cells biggest advantages i

53、s （17）it can be made either small enough to carry（18） large enough to produce a current that can run an automobile. Besides, it has a very long life. It is still too expensive for the （19）consumer but when ways are （20）to produce it more cheaply, we can expect its use to be wide-spread.问题1选项A.materi

54、alsB.oresC.reservesD.fuels问题2选项A.abundantB.adequateC.scarceD.rare问题3选项A.meansB.sourceC.solutionD.resource问题4选项A.needB.desireC.necessityD.supply问题5选项A.moreoverB.besidesC.howeverD.but问题6选项A.someB.manyC.suchD.these问题7选项A.connectsB.operatesC.drivesD.manufactures问题8选项A.heatedB.burntC.equippedD.built问题9选项

55、A.ever sinceB.no wonderC.in allD.so far问题10选项A.thatB.whatC.whichD.it问题11选项A.speciallyB.especiallyC.essentiallyD.specifically问题12选项A.freshB.healthyC.boiledD.cool问题13选项A.dissolvedB.distinguishedC.dividedD.removed问题14选项A.electricB.electronicC.powerD.heating问题15选项A.powerfulB.resourcefulC.efficientD.reli

56、able问题16选项A.throughB.intoC.byD.with问题17选项A.howB.thatC.becauseD.which问题18选项A.butB.soC.orD.too问题19选项A.tipicalB.normalC.averageD.general问题20选项A.discoveredB.inventedC.disclosedD.revealed【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:B第4题:A第5题:D第6题:C第7题:B第8题:A第9题:D第10题:C第11题:B第12题:A第13题:D第14题:C第15题:C第16题:B第17题:B第18题:C第19题:C第20题:A【解析

57、】（1）考查名词词义辨析。从上下文可知，these指的是前面提到的coal, petroleum, gas这几种燃料，所以空格处应该也填写表示燃料的词。选项D符合题意。（2）考查形容词词义辨析。abundant “丰富的”；adequate “充足的”；scarce “缺乏的，不足的”；rare “稀有的”。前文提到这些燃料有限，and后面的“electric power”应该与前文燃料一样有限，所以选项C符合题意。（3）考查名词词义辨析。语意：一些科学家认为太阳能会是唯一_能够满足世界对能源的强烈_。太阳能属于一种能源，所以source符合题意。means “手段，方法”；solution

58、“解决方法”；resource “资源”，比如人力资源。选项B符合题意。（4）考查固定搭配。Meet the need for 满足 的需求。语意：一些科学家认为太阳能会是唯一一种能源能够满足世界对能源的强烈需求。选项A符合题意。（5）考查固定搭配。Not onlybut also为固定搭配，also可以省略，意识是 “既 又 ”。所以选项D符合题意。（6）考查固定搭配。suchas意思是“像 这样”。选项C符合题意。（7）考查动词词义辨析。与telephone lines, portable radios, electric clocks搭配的动词只有operate，选项B符合题意。conn

59、ect “连接”；drive “推动”；manufacture “制造”。（8）考查动词词义辨析。heat “加热”；burn “燃烧”；equip “装备，配备”；build “建造”。根据上下文可知这里阐述的是太阳能的另一个用途：取暖。选项A符合题意。（9）考查词组辨析。ever since “自从 以来”； no wonder “怪不得”；in all “总共，共计”；so far “到目前为止”。将各个词组的意思代入到句子中，选项D符合题意。（10）考查语法知识。逗号前面是一个完整的句子，所以空格所处的句子是非限制性定语从句。只有which能够引导非限制性定语从句，所以选项C符合题意。

60、（11）考查副词词义辨析。specially “专门地”；especially “尤其，特别”；essentially “本质上”；specifically “明确地”。空格中的副词是用来修饰important这个单词，来表示程度，“尤其重要”，选项B符合题意。（12）考查形容词词义辨析。fresh “新鲜的；淡水的”；healthy “健康的”；boiled “煮沸的”；cool “凉爽的，冷静的”。根据后面一句 Salt can easily be_ from sea water,主语是salt，可知空格处是通过蒸馏来获取fresh water “淡水”，选项A符合题意。（13）考查动词词义辨析。空格所在句的主语是salt，语意：盐通过太阳能蒸馏器能够很容易从海水中分离出来。选项D符合题意。dissolve “ 溶解”，一般指固体溶解在液体中；distinguish “区分”；divide“分割”； remove “移除”。（14）考查名词词义辨析。electric “电”；electronic “电子”；power “电力；动力”；heating “暖气”。结合下文可知，太阳能蓄电池（solar cell）可以产生电能(electric energy)，所以solar cell 是一种动力设备，选项C符合题意。（15）考查形容词词义辨析。powerful “强有力的