2022年考博英语-西南财经大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第86期

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1、2022年考博英语-西南财经大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题In order to strengthen his arguments, Toffler （ ）respectable social scientists who agree with him.问题1选项A.recitesB.confirmsC.quotesD.convinces【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。recite意为“背诵，朗诵，列举”；confirm意为“确认，批准，证实”；quote意为“引述，引用”；convince意为“使相信，说服，使承认”。句意：为了加强他的论点，托夫勒引用了同意他观点

2、的受人尊敬的社会科学家的话。2. 单选题I feel that his subject gains a lot from the attractive （ ）of the matter.问题1选项A.presentationB.preparationC.preferenceD.potential【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。presentation “展示，陈述”；preparation “预备，准备”；preference “偏爱，倾向，优先权”；potential “潜能，可能性”。句意：我觉得他的话题从他对问题吸引人的陈述方式中获益很多。选项A符合题意。3. 单选题In the U

3、.S. 88 percent of smokers has started before they were 18, despite the fact that it is （ ）to sell cigarettes to anyone under that age.问题1选项A.liableB.liberalC.irrationalD.illegal【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。liable“有责任的，有义务的”； liberal “自由主义的，慷慨的”；irrational “不合理的，无理性的，荒谬的”；illegal“非法的，违法的”。句意：在美国，88%的烟民十八岁之前就开始

4、抽烟，尽管将烟售卖给未成年人是不合法的。选项D符合题意。4. 单选题The twentieth century has witnessed an enormous worldwide political, economic and cultural （ ）.问题1选项A.traditionB.transportationC.transmissionD.transformation【答案】D【解析】形近词辨析题。tradition“惯例，传统”；transportation“运输”；transmission“传递，传送”；transformation“转换，改革”。句意：20世纪见证了全世界巨大

5、的政治、经济和文化的变革。选项D符合语境。5. 单选题I will hold you personally （ ）if anything goes wrong in this project.问题1选项A.destructiveB.liableC.diverseD.responsible【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。destructive意为“破坏性的”；liable意为“（法律上）负有偿付责任，可能（做某事）”，指在不履行债务等时应负法律责任或受罚；diverse意为“不同的，多种多样的”；responsible意为“负责的，可靠的，有责任的”，指能熟练而出色地履行职责或完成任务，或在出

6、差错而对其原因有争执时承担过失。句意：假如这个项目出了任何问题，我将追究你个人的责任。6. 翻译题学习外语对我来说是非常艰辛的经历，但却是一种无比珍贵的经历。它不仅使我知道了艰苦努力的意义，而且，使我认识了不同的文化，让我以一种全新的思维去看待事物，学习外语最令人兴奋的收获是我能与更多的人交流。我乐于与人交谈，新的语言使我能与以前不认识的人交往，参与他们的谈话，并建立新的难以忘怀的友谊。现在我已能够说英语，别人讲英语时我不再茫然不解了。我能够参与并结交朋友。我能理解别人的话，并能够弥合我所说的语言和所处的文化与他们的语言和文化之间的鸿沟。尽管我还是常常出错，仍处于继续学习阶段，但我已尝到刻苦学

7、习的甜头。【答案】Learning a foreign language was one of the most difficult yet most rewarding experiences of my life. It not only taught me the value of hard work, but also gave me insights into another culture, and my mind was opened to new ways of seeing things. The most wonderful result of having learned

8、 a foreign language was that I could communicate with many more people than before. Talking with people is one of my favorite activities, so being able to speak a new language lets me meet new people, participate in conversations, and form new, unforgettable friendships. Now that I speak a foreign l

9、anguage, instead of staring into space when English is being spoken, I can participate and make friends. I am able to reach out to others and bridge the gap between my language and culture and theirs. Although I still made many mistakes and was continually learning, I had finally reaped the benefits

10、 of all that hard work.7. 单选题Whether the eyes are “the windows of the soul” is debatable, that they are intensely important in interpersonal communication is fact. During the first two months of a babys life, the stimulus that produces a smile is a pair of eyes. The eyes need not be real: a mask wit

11、h two dots will produce a smile. Significantly, a real human face with eyes covered then the face will not motivate a smile, nor will the sight of only one eye then the face is presented in profile. This attraction to eyes as opposed to the nose or mouth continues as the baby matures. In one study,

12、when American four-year-olds were asked to draw people. 75 percent of them drew people with mouths, but 99 percent of them drew people with eyes. In Japan, however, where babies are carried on their mothers back, infants to not acquire as much attachment to eyes as they do in other cultures. As a re

13、sult, Japanese adults make little use of the face either to encode or decode meaning. In fact, Argyle reveals that the “proper place to focus ones gaze during a conversation in Japan is on the neck of ones conversation partner.The role of eye contact in a conversational exchange between two American

14、s is well defined: speakers make contact with the eyes of their listener for about one second, then glance away as they talk; in a few moments they re-establish eye contact with the listener or reassure themselves that their audience is still attentive, then shift their gaze away once more. Listener

15、s, meanwhile, keep their eyes on the face of the speaker, allowing themselves-to glance away only briefly. It is important that they be looking at the speaker at the precise moment when the speaker reestablishes eye contact; if they are not looking, at the speaker assumes that they are disinterested

16、 and either will pause until eye contact is resumed or will terminate the conversation. Just how critical this eye maneuvering is to the maintenance of conversational flow becomes evident when two speakers are wearing dark glasses: there may be a sort of traffic jam of words caused by interruption,

17、false starts, and unpredictable pauses.1.The author is convinced that the eyes are（ ）.2.Babies will not be stimulated to smile by a person（ ）.3.According to the passage, the Japanese fix their gaze on their conversation partner neck because（ ）.4.According to the passage, a conversation between two A

18、mericans may break down due to（ ）.5.To keep a conversation flowing smoothly, it is better for the participants（ ）.问题1选项A.something through which one can see a persons inner worldB.of extreme importance in expressing feelings and exchanging ideasC.of considerable significance in making conversations

19、interestingD.something the value of which is largely a matter of long debate问题2选项A.whose front view is fully perceivedB.whose face is covered with a maskC.whose face is seen from the sideD.whose face is free of any covering问题3选项A.they dont like to keep their eyes on the face of the speakerB.they don

20、t how to communicate through eye contactC.they dont think it polite to have eye contactD.they didnt have much opportunity to communicate through eye contact in babyhood问题4选项A.one temporarily glancing away from the otherB.eye contact of more than one secondC.improperly-timed ceasing of eye contactD.c

21、onstant adjustment of eye contact问题5选项A.not to wear dark glassesB.not to make any interruptionsC.not to glance away from each otherD.not to make unpredictable paused【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D第4题:C第5题:A【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。文章第一段第一句提到“眼睛是心灵的窗户这个说法是有争议的，但是在人际交往中眼睛非常重要是事实”Whether the eyes are “the windows of the soul

22、” is debatable, that they are intensely important in interpersonal communication is fact，选项B “在表达情感和交流思想时非常重要”符合题意。第2题:细节事实题。文章第一段第四句话提到“一张真正的人脸但是眼睛被遮住了不能引发婴儿笑，只露出一只眼睛的侧脸也不能让婴儿笑”（a real human face with eyes covered then the face will not motivate a smile, nor will the sight of only one eye then the

23、face is presented in profile），由此可知选项C“从侧面看某人的脸”符合题意。第3题:细节事实题。文章第一段提到“日本的婴儿被母亲背在背上，在他们的文化中没有接收太多关于眼神交流的内容”（In Japan, however, where babies are carried on their mothers back, infants to not acquire as much attachment to eyes as they do in other cultures），所以他们交流时喜欢看对方的脖子而不是眼睛，选项D符合题意。第4题:细节事实题。文章第二段提到

24、“重要的是他们要在说话人重新建立眼神交流的时刻看向说话人；如果他们没有看向对方，说话人会认为他们对所说话题不感兴趣或者以为他们想中断谈话”（It is important that they be looking at the speaker at the precise moment when the speaker reestablishes eye contact; if they are not looking, at the speaker assumes that they are disinterested and either will pause until eye cont

25、act is resumed or will terminate the conversation），因此选项C“停止眼神交流的时间不当”符合题意。第5题:细节事实题。文章最后一句话提到“当谈话双方都戴墨镜的时候就会知道这种眼神交流对于保持通畅谈话有多重要：可能会中途被打断，错误的开始或者意料之外的停顿等等”（It is important that they be looking at the speaker at the precise moment when the speaker reestablishes eye contact; if they are not looking, a

26、t the speaker assumes that they are disinterested and either will pause until eye contact is resumed or will terminate the conversation），选项A符合题意。8. 单选题AIDS activists permanently changed and shortened Americas （ ）process for testing and approving new drugs of all kinds, for all diseases.问题1选项A.effici

27、entB.stagnantC.complexD.appropriate【答案】C【解析】形容词辨析题。efficient有效率的；stagnant停滞的，不景气的；complex复杂的，合成的；appropriate适当的。句意：艾滋病活动人士永久性地改变并缩短了美国测试和批准用于治疗各种疾病的各种新药的复杂过程。选项C符合句意。9. 翻译题如何积累词汇。掌握一门外语的词汇有几种途径：1）通过上下文巧妙地猜测词义； 2）结合阅读使用词典；3）除阅读外，进行专门的词汇训练。我们是慢慢吞吞地、吃力 地积累词汇，以便几年以后可以流畅阅读呢，还是在阅读的同时学习词汇呢？最容易也 最有趣的增加词汇的可能

28、办法是拿一本用浅显文体写成的故事书（老师或图书馆管理员可以推荐一本），然后当作故事来读。当作故事来读这一文选意味着整句整段地阅读，而不是逐字逐词地翻译，即使我们在这儿或那儿漏掉了一些意义，但最终还是能逐渐地熟悉某些词汇而根本不用查词典。当然，这只是我们在阅读用本族语写的故事时所用的方法，这样的阅读使我们能比逐字翻译更好地感受习惯用法和句法。【答案】How to accumulate vocabulary? There are several ways to master a foreign languages vocabulary: 1) Skilfully guess the meaning

29、 of a word based on context; 2) use a dictionary, combining with the reading; 3) do special vocabulary training, besides reading. Whether we accumulate vocabulary slowly and laboriously so that we can read smoothly several years later or learning vocabulary while reading? The easiest and most intere

30、sting way to enlarge vocabulary is probably using a storybook which is written in plain literary form (teacher or librarian can recommend one), and then read it as a story. Reading this literary selection as a story means reading it by whole sentence and whole paragraph, not translating it word by w

31、ord. Even if we miss some meaning here or there, we can gradually familiarize with certain words ultimately without looking up dictionary. Of course, this method is just used when we read stories written in our own language. This kind of reading can make us feel idiomatic usage and syntax better tha

32、n translating word by word.10. 单选题Gray clouds move as low as smoke over the treetops at Lolo Pass. The ground is white. The day is June 10. It has been snowing for the past four days in the Bitterroot Mountains. Wayne Fairchild is getting worried about our trek over the Lolo Trail95 miles from Lolo

33、Montana to Weippe in Idaho, across some of the roughest country in the West. Lewis and Clark were nearly defeated 200 years ago by snowstorms on the Lolo. Today Fairchild is nervously checking the weather reports. He has agreed to take me across the toughest, middle section of the trail“but with thi

34、s weather?When Lewis climbed atop Lemhi Pass, 140 miles south of Missoula, on Aug. 12, 1805, he was astonished by what was in front of him: “immense ranges of high mountains still to the West of us with their tops partially covered with snow”. Nobody in what was then the US knew the Rocky Mountains

35、existed, with peaks twice as high as anything in the Appalachians back East. Lewis and Clark werent merely off the map; they were traveling outside the American imagination.Today their pathway through those mountains holds more attraction than any other ground over which they traveled, for its raw w

36、ilderness is a testimony to the character of two cultures: the explorers who braved its hardships and the Native-Americans who prize and conserve the path as a sacred gift. It remains today in virtually the same condition as when Lewis and Clark walked it.The Lolo is passable only from July to mid-S

37、eptember. Our luck is holding with the weather, although the snow seeps getting deeper. As we climb to Indian Post office, the highest point on the trail at 7,033 ft., the drifts are 15 ft, and up. We have covered 12 miles in soft snow, and we barely have enough energy to make dinner. After a meal o

38、f chicken and couscous, I sit on a rock on top of the ridge. There is no light visible in any direction, not even another campfire. For four days we do not see another human being. We are isolated in a way that mixes fear with joy. In our imagination we have finally caught up with Lewis and Clark.1.

39、We learn from the passage that before 1805（ ）.2.Judging from the context, the word “trek” (Line 3, Para. 1) is closest in meaning to （ ）.3.We learn from the passage that the Lolo Pass（ ）.4.Judging from the context. Lewis and Clark were most probably（ ）.5.We can infer from the passage that in crossin

40、g the Lolo Pass the author （ ）.问题1选项A.no Americans knew about the existence of the Rocky MountainsB.there were no people living in the western part of AmericaC.no one ever imagined going west to the Pacific OceanD.the Appalachians were the western frontier of the Unites States问题2选项A.a lonely walk in

41、 isolated countryB.a long hard journey over rough terrainC.a tough climb up high mountainsD.a journey over un-traveled pathways问题3选项A.remains much as it was 200 years agoB.has changed a lot since 1805C.now attracts large numbers of touristsD.is the meeting point of two cultures问题4选项A.two native Indi

42、ansB.explorers of the early 19th centuryC.merchants who did business with the IndiansD.travelers whose curiosity took them over the Lolo Pass问题5选项A.was following the trail of Lewis and ClarkB.was trying to set a world recordC.was attempting the impossibleD.was gambling with weather and taking unnece

43、ssary risks【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:A第4题:B第5题:A【解析】第1题:细节事实题。由文章第二段中的Nobody in what was then the US knew the Rocky Mountains existed（在当时的美国，没有人知道落基山脉的存在）可知选A。第2题:词义题。由文章第一段中的It has been snowing for the past four days in the Bitterroot Mountains.（过去四天里，Bitterroot山脉一直在下雪）Wayne Fairchild is getting worried ab

44、out our trek over the Lolo Trail可推测下雪天使爬山变得更加艰难，因此C选项“艰难的爬上高山”符合题意。trek表示“长途跋涉，艰难的旅程（尤指在山区）”。第3题:细节事实题。由文章倒数第二段的最后一句It remains today in virtually the same condition as when Lewis and Clark walked it.（如今它保持着与Lewis和Clark那时攀登上去一样的条件）可知A选项“保持和200年前一样”符合题意。第4题:推理判断题。由文章第二段中的When Lewis climbed atop Lemhi

45、Pass, 140 miles south of Missoula, on Aug. 12, 1805（1805年8月12日， Lewis 爬上米苏拉以南140英里的 Lemhi Pass）和第三段中的Today their pathway through those mountains holds more attraction than any other ground over which they traveled, for its raw wilderness is a testimony to the character of two cultures: the explorers

46、 who braved its hardships（今天，他们穿过这些山脉的路径比他们所走过的任何其他地方都更具吸引力，因为原始的荒野证明了两种文化的特征：勇于面对艰辛的探险家）可推测他们是19世纪早期的探险家，因此选B。第5题:推理判断题。由文章最后一段中的最后一句In our imagination we have finally caught up with Lewis and Clark.（在我们的想象中，我们终于赶上了Lewis 和Clark）可推测他们是在追寻Lewis和Clark的足迹，因此选A。11. 单选题If this kind of fish becomes （ ）, f

47、uture generations may never taste it at all.问题1选项A.minimumB.shortC.seldomD.scarce【答案】D【解析】形容词辨析题。minimum最小的；short短的；seldom很少，不常；scarce缺乏的，不足的。句意：如果这种鱼变得稀缺，未来的几代人可能再也尝不到它的味道了。选项D符合语境。12. 单选题In some ways, the Unites States has made spectacular progress. Fires no longer destroy 18.000 buildings as they

48、 did in the Great Chicago Fire of 1871, or kill half a town of 2,400 people, as they did the same night in Peshtigo, Wisconsin. Other than the Beverly Hill Supper Club fire in Kentucky in 1977, it has been four decades since more than 100 Americans dies in a fire.But even with such successes the Uni

49、ted States still has one of the worst fire death rates in the world. Safety experts say the problem is neither money nor technology, but the indifference of a country that just will not take fires seriously enough.American fire departments are some of the worlds fastest and best equipped. They have

50、to be. The United States has twice Japans population, and 40 times as many fires. It spends far less on preventing fires than on fighting them. And American fire-safety lessons are aimed almost entirely at children, who die in disproportionately large numbers in fires but who, contrary to popular my

51、th, start very few of them.Experts say the fatal error is an attitude that fires are not really anyones fault. That is not so in other countries, where both public education and the law treat fires as either a personal failing or a crime. Japan has many wood houses; of the estimated 48 fires in worl

52、d history, that burned more than 10,000 buildings, Japan has had 27 Penalties for causing a severe fire by negligence can be as high as life imprisonment.In the United States, most education dollars are spent in elementary school. But the lessons are aimed at a too limited audience; just 9 percent o

53、f all fire deaths are caused by children playing with matches.The Unites States continues to rely more on technology than laws or social pressure. There are smoke detectors in 85 percent of all homes. Some local buildings codes now require home sprinklers. New heaters and irons shut themselves off i

54、f they are tipped.1.The reason why so many Americans die in fires is that （ ）.2.Although the fire death rate has declined the United States（ ）.3.It can be inferred from the passage that（ ）.4.What aspects of fire safety and prevention should the United States learn from Japan?5.To narrow the gap betw

55、een the fire death rate in the United States and in other countries, the author suggests（ ）.问题1选项A.they took no interest in new technologyB.they didnt attach great importance to preventing firesC.they showed indifference to fighting firesD.they didnt spend enough money on fire facilities问题2选项A.still

56、 has the worst fire death rate in the world.B.is still alert to the fire problemC.is still training a large number of safety expertsD.is still confronted with the serious fire problem问题3选项A.fire safety lessons should be aimed at American adultsB.American children have not received enough education o

57、f fire safety lessonsC.Japan is better equipped with fire facilities than the Unites StalesD.Americas large population accounts for high fire frequency问题4选项A.Architecture and building materialsB.Education and technologyC.Laws and attitudeD.All of the above问题5选项A.developing new technologyB.counting m

58、ore on laws and social pressureC.placing a fire extinguisher in every familyD.reinforcing the safeness of household appliances【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C第5题:B【解析】第1题:推理判断题。由文章第二段中的Safety experts say the problem is neither money nor technology, but the indifference of a country that just will not take f

59、ires seriously enough.（安全专家说，问题既不是金钱，也不是技术，而是一个对火灾不够重视的国家的冷漠）和第三段中的It spends far less on preventing fires than on fighting them.（它在预防火灾方面比在灭火中花费的要少得多）可知美国火灾多的原因是他们不够重视预防火灾，因此选B。第2题:细节事实题。由文章第二段中的But even with such successes the United States still has one of the worst fire death rates in the world.（

60、但即使如此成功，美国仍然是世界上火灾死亡率最高的国家之一）可知D选项“仍然面临着严重的火灾问题”符合题意。第3题:推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段中的In the United States, most education dollars are spent in elementary school. But the lessons are aimed at a too limited audience; just 9 percent of all fire deaths are caused by children playing with matches.（在美国，大部分教育费用都花在小学上。

61、但是，这些课程的目标受众太少，只有9%的火灾死亡是由玩火柴的儿童造成的）可知A选项“消防安全课程应针对美国成年人”符合题意。第4题:推理判断题。由文章第四段中的Experts say the fatal error is an attitude that fires are not really anyones fault. That is not so in other countries, where both public education and the law treat fires as either a personal failing or a crime.Japan has

62、 had 27 Penalties for causing a severe fire by negligence can be as high as life imprisonment.（专家说，致命的错误是一种态度，即火灾不是任何人的过错。在其他国家情况并非如此，在这些国家，公共教育和法律都将火灾视为个人过失或犯罪日本已经有27项因过失引起严重火灾的处罚，最高可达无期徒刑）可知C选项“法律和态度”符合题意。第5题:细节事实题。通读全文，可知作者对文章最后一段中的The Unites States continues to rely more on technology than laws

63、or social pressure.（美国继续更多地依赖技术，而不是法律或社会压力）这种“不依靠法律或社会压力”的观点是不赞成，认为需要依靠法律和社会压力来减少美国火灾的发生，因此选B。13. 单选题The committee will consider whether or not Mr. Wilson has been （ ）serious professional misconduct.问题1选项A.wary ofB.guilty ofC.confronted withD.reduced to【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。wary of意为“谨防的，小心翼翼的”；guilty of意为“有罪”；confront with意为“面对，面临”；reduce to意为“减少至”。由serious professional miscondu