2022-2023年考博英语-中国财政科学研究院模拟考试题（含答案解析）第5期

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1、2022-2023年考博英语-中国财政科学研究院模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 翻译题如果遇到的竞争对手是受到各自政府过度保护的企业，强大的美国企业通常都能迅速地把它们压制住。事实已经证明，利伯维尔场体制比任何中央计划体制都能更有效地分配资金和资源，美国人也已经利用了这一点。因为美国在基础层次上有这样的优势，它处于国际财经界的最高层也就不足为奇了。美国具有这样的优势进而使它能够制定游戏规则，当然是对它自己有利的规则。【答案】When it comes to competing with companies over-protected by their respective government

2、s, powerful American companies are usually quick to neutralize them. The Libreville can allocate funds and resources more efficiently than any centrally planned economy, which has been proved and the Americans have utilized. With such an advantage at a fundamental level, it is not surprising that th

3、e United States is at the top of the international financial pecking order and set the rules of the game, which of course are beneficial for it.2. 单选题At first, the company refused to purchase the equipment, but this decision was _ revised.问题1选项A.subsequentlyB.successivelyC.predominantlyD.preliminari

4、ly【答案】A【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项subsequently“随后”；B选项successively“接连的”；C选项predominantly“显著地”；D选项preliminarily“初步地”。句意：起初，公司拒绝购买设备，但这一决定_被修改了。根据语境，这里指决定在后来被修改，所以subsequently“随后”符合题意。因此A选项正确。3. 单选题The teacher said that he wouldnt tolerate _ late every day.问题1选项A.for me to arriveB.me arrivedC.me to arriveD.my arri

5、ving【答案】D【解析】考查动词用法。句意：老师说他不能容忍我每天迟到。tolerate sth.意为“忍受某事”；tolerate doing sth.意为“忍受继续做相同的事”；tolerate to do sth.意为“忍受做另一件事”，所以D选项my arriving作宾语符合题意。因此D选项正确。4. 单选题Raos, the legendary east Harlem Italian eatery, is more than a hundred blocks above the Wall Street. But with a clientele that includes som

6、e of the corporate Americas leading lights, big business is never far away. Consider the table hosted one night last year by Raos regular, Richard (Bo) Dietlhe was joined by General Electrics CEO, Jeffrey Immelt, NBC chairman Bob Wright and Law & Order creator Dick Wolf. Wolf was just entering negot

7、iations for a new contract for Law & Order to keep running on GE-owned NBC. No one signed any contracts or haggled over figures that night. But not long after, NBC announced it would broadcast Law & Order through 2008. Wolf says now that Dietls dinner at Raos was key to smoothing out the negotiation

8、s: “It was enormously helpful for him to get us all together in that setting.”With his just-published book, Business Lunchatations, Dietl hopes to launch himself as the authority on how everyone can sharpen his networking social skills.In his $7,000 Italian suits, Dietl tells tales of his adventures

9、 with the rich and famous; golfing with former GE chairman Jack Welch, fly-fishing with former PepsiCo chairman Roger Enrico, dining a deux with Viacoms Sumner Redstone or comparing notes on private jets with his pal Donald Trump. Dietl says hes earned these mens trust by making it clear he wants no

10、thing more than to show them a good time and share a good laugh. “You dont do this thinking, oh, what business can I get out of them?” he says. “You do it for sheer friendship. And then the good things just come out.” Corporate bosses say they appreciate the sell. “Bos a guy you want to do a favor f

11、or,” says Welch, “because you know hell do a favor for you.”In his book, of course, Dietl urges readers to do more than just be nice to strangers and wait for good karma. Networking tips range from how to listen and ask questions in conversations with strangerseye contact, upright posture and clarif

12、ying questions are muststo practical pointers like “keep going back to the buffet”(to increase the number of contacts at a crowded event) and “wear an original accessory” (to ensure sticking out in a new acquaintances mind). Still, Dietl says the most commonly missed secret of networking is starting

13、 with the human touch. “If theres going to be business, possibly there could be business,” he says. “But its gotta start out from the friendship side.”26. Wolf has come to believe that the reason Law & Order was extended to 2008 was _.27. By referring to Dietls book, the author intends to show _.28.

14、 It is implied that you can improve your networking skills by _.29. Dietl concludes that the most important thing to do is to _.30. The best title for this text might be _.问题1选项A.the Italian foodB.they didnt have to go far from Wall street to get to RaosC.they didnt haggle over dinnerD.Dietls get-to

15、gether问题2选项A.Bos intelligencesB.Richards charmC.Mr. Dietls fameD.Mr. Dietls authority问题3选项A.having adventures with the rich and famousB.wearing expensive suitsC.doing favors and laughingD.being friendly问题4选项A.keep going back to the buffetB.begin with friendshipC.touch peopleD.keep in touch with cont

16、acts问题5选项A.Adventures with the Rich and FamousB.Favors ReceivedC.Meet Me for LunchatationD.Good Times and Laughter【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:C第4题:C第5题:D【解析】26.【试题答案】D【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第一段最后一句Wolf says now that Dietls dinner at Raos was key to smoothing out the negotiations: “It was enormously helpful for him to

17、get us all together in that setting.”（沃尔夫说，现在迪特尔在拉奥餐厅的晚餐是促成谈判顺利进行的关键：“他把我们所有人聚在一起，这对他非常有帮助。”），所以D选项“迪特尔的聚会”正确。A选项“意大利菜”，B选项“他们不需要从华尔街走很远就能到餐厅”和C选项“他们吃饭时没有讨价还价”与题目没有直接关系，故错误。因此D选项正确。27.【试题答案】D【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第二段With his just-published book, Business Lunchatations, Dietl hopes to launch himself as the a

18、uthority on how everyone can sharpen his networking social skills.（迪特尔刚刚出版商务午餐这本书，希望成为教人提高人际交往技巧的权威。），作者通过出版的书想要表达迪特尔的权威性，所以D选项“迪特尔的权威”正确，突出迪特尔的权威是为了让读者信服他的社交技巧，名望在这里没有太大用处，也不是重点，故C选项“迪特尔的名望”错误。A选项“鲍勃的智慧”和B选项“理查德的魅力”：不是表达的重点，故错误。因此D选项正确。28.【试题答案】C【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第三段第二句Dietl says hes earned these mens

19、trust by making it clear he wants nothing more than to show them a good time and share a good laugh.（迪特尔表示，他已经赢得了这些男人的信任，因为他明确表示，他只是想和他们共度一段美好时光，与他们一起开怀大笑。）和最后一句“Bos a guy you want to do a favor for,” says Welch, “because you know hell do a favor for you.”（韦尔奇说：“鲍勃是你想帮的人，因为你知道他会帮你。”），可知可以通过让别人愉快和帮助别

20、人提高社交技能，所以C选项“乐于助人，带来欢笑”正确；只有D选项“友好”还不够，故错误。A选项“与富人和名人一起冒险”和B选项“穿名贵的衣服”，根据第三段：In his $7,000 Italian suits, Dietl tells tales of his adventures with the rich and famous（迪特尔穿着价值7000美元的意大利西装，讲述着他与富人和名人的冒险故事），这里讲的迪特尔书中的内容，并不是社交技巧，故错误。因此C选项正确。29.【试题答案】C【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第四段倒数第三句Dietl says the most commonly m

21、issed secret of networking is starting with the human touch.（迪特尔说，最常被忽视的秘诀是人与人之间的人际交往从接触开始。），可知人际交往中最重要的是C选项“与人接触”，而不是D选项“保持联系”。B选项“建立友谊”：根据第三段第四句You do it for sheer friendship. And then the good things just come out.（你这么做纯粹是为了友谊。然后好事就会出现。），建立友谊有帮助，没有说到这是最重要的，故错误。A选项“继续去吃自助餐”：根据第四段第二句to practical po

22、inters like “keep going back to the buffet”(to increase the number of contacts at a crowded event)（还有一些实用的技巧，比如“继续去吃自助餐”，在拥挤的场合增加联系人的数量），吃自助餐没有说是最重要的，故错误。因此C选项正确。30.【试题答案】D【试题解析】主旨大意题。本文讲述社交技巧，通过营造愉快的氛围从而促成情感信任，所以D选项“美好时光和欢乐笑声”正确。A选项“与富人和名人的冒险”，B选项“接受的帮助”和C选项“午餐的相遇”是文章的部分内容，不足以概括全文，故错误。因此D选项正确。5. 单选

23、题Boris Yeltsin, Russias _ president, died. His funeral in Moscow was attended by a bevy of world leaders past and present.问题1选项A.priorB.pastC.formerD.late【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：俄罗斯_总统鲍里斯叶利钦去世。C选项former president“前任总统”为固定搭配，其余选项非固定搭配也不符合句意。因此C选项正确。6. 单选题The student continued to do mischief in class even

24、though his teacher repeatedly told him _.问题1选项A.not doingB.notC.not toD.to【答案】C【解析】考查动词搭配。句意：这个学生在课堂上继续恶作剧，尽管他的老师一再告诉他不要这样做。根据动词搭配tell sb.(not) to do sth.确定C选项not to符合题意。因此C选项正确。7. 单选题By the end of the Spring and Autumn Period slave society was _ disintegration.问题1选项A.on the ground ofB.on the top of

25、C.in the light ofD.on the verge of【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项on the ground of“因为”；B选项on the top of“除之外；在之上”；C选项in the light of“鉴于”；D选项on the verge of“接近于，濒临于”。句意：到春秋末年，奴隶社会已_处于解体。根据语境，这里指奴隶社会快要解体了，所以on the verge of“接近于，濒临于”符合题意。因此D选项正确。8. 单选题Present-day philosophers usually envision their discipline as an e

26、ndeavor that has been, since antiquity, distinct from and superior to any particular intellectual discipline, such as theology or science. Such philosophical concerns as the mind-body problem or, more generally, the nature of human knowledge they believe, are basic human questions whose tentative ph

27、ilosophical solutions have served as the necessary foundations on which all other intellectual speculation has rested.The basis for this view, however, lies in a serious misinterpretation of the past, a projection of modern concerns onto past events. The idea of an autonomous discipline called “phil

28、osophy,” distinct from and sitting in judgment on such pursuits as theology and science turns out, on close examination, to be of quite recent origin. When, in the seventeenth century, Descartes and Hobbes rejected medieval philosophy, they did not think of themselves, as modern philosophers do, as

29、proposing a new and better philosophy, but rather as furthering “the warfare between science and theology.” They were fighting, albeit discreetly, to open the intellectual world to the new science and to liberate intellectual life from ecclesiastical philosophy and envisioned their work as contribut

30、ing to the growth, not of philosophy, but of research in mathematics and physics. This link between philosophical interests and scientific practice persisted until the nineteenth century, when decline in ecclesiastical power over scholarship and changes in the nature of science provoked the final se

31、paration of philosophy from both.The demarcation of philosophy from science was facilitated by the development in the early nineteenth century of a new notion, that philosophys core interest should be epistemology, the general explanation of what it means to know something. Modern philosophers now t

32、race that notion back at least to Descartes and Spinoza, but it was not explicitly articulated until the late eighteenth century, by Kant, and did not become built into the structure of academic institutions and the standard self-descriptions of philosophy professors until the late nineteenth centur

33、y. Without the idea of epistemology, the survival of philosophy in an age of modern science is hard to imagine. Metaphysics, philosophys traditional core-considered as the most general description of how the heavens and the earth are put together-had been rendered almost completely meaningless by th

34、e spectacular progress of physics. Kant, however, by focusing philosophy on the problem of knowledge, managed to replace metaphysics with epistemology, and thus to transform the notion of philosophy as “queen of sciences” into the new notion of philosophy as a separate, foundational discipline. Phil

35、osophy became “primary” no longer in the sense of “highest” but in the sense of “underlying”. After Kant, philosophers were able to reinterpret seventeenth-and eighteenth-century thinkers as attempting to discover “How is our knowledge possible?” and to project this question back even on the ancient

36、s.31. According to the author, philosophy became distinct from science and theology during the_.32. The author suggests that Descartes support for the new science of the seventeenth century can be characterized as_.33. The author of the passage implies which of the following in discussing the develo

37、pment of philosophy during the nineteenth century?34. With which of the following statements concerning the writing of history would the author of the passage be most likely to agree?35. The primary function of the passage as a whole is to_.问题1选项A.ancient timeB.medieval periodC.seventeenth centuryD.

38、nineteenth century问题2选项A.pragmatic and hypocriticalB.cautious and inconsistentC.daring and opportunisticD.strong but prudent问题3选项A.Nineteenth century philosophy took science as its model for understanding the bases of knowledge.B.The role of academic institutions in shaping metaphysical philosophy g

39、rew enormously during the nineteenth century.C.Nineteenth century philosophers carried out a program of investigation explicitly laid out by Descartes and Spinoza.D.Kant had an overwhelming impact on the direction of nineteenth century philosophy.问题4选项A.History should not emphasize the role played b

40、y ideas over the role played by individuals.B.History should not be distorted by attributing present day consciousness to historical figures.C.History should not be focused primarily on those past events most relevant to the present.D.History should be concerned with describing those aspects of the

41、past that differ most from those of the present.问题5选项A.compare two competing modelsB.analyze a difficult theoryC.present new evidence for a theoryD.correct an erroneous belief by describing its origins【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:D第4题:B第5题:D【解析】31.事实细节题。根据第二段最后一句This link between philosophical interests and sc

42、ientific practice persisted until the nineteenth century, when decline in ecclesiastical power over scholarship and changes in the nature of science provoked the final separation of philosophy from both.（这种哲学兴趣和科学实践之间的联系一直持续到19世纪，这时，教会压制学术界的力量的衰退和科学性质的变化导致了哲学与这两者的最终分离。），可知哲学与科学和神学分离是在19世纪，D选项“19世纪”正

43、确，A选项“古代”，B选项“中世纪时期”和C选项“17世纪”错误。因此D选项正确。32.推理判断题。根据第二段第四句They were fighting, albeit discreetly, to open the intellectual world to the new science and to liberate intellectual life from ecclesiastical philosophy （他们战斗，尽管是谨慎的，是为了向新科学打开思想世界的大门，把思想生活从教会哲学中解放出来。），可知笛卡尔抱着谨慎的态度激烈推进新科学，坚定并满怀热忱，D选项“强有力而谨慎”正

44、确，A选项“务实并虚伪”和B选项“谨慎并矛盾”错误。C选项“大胆并恰到时机”：文章没有提到在此时是什么时机，大环境如何有利于笛卡尔推进新科学，故错误。因此D选项正确。33.推理判断题。根据第三段第二句Modern philosophers now trace that notion back at least to Descartes and Spinoza, but it was not explicitly articulated until the late eighteenth century, by Kant, and did not become built into the st

45、ructure of academic institutions and the standard self-descriptions of philosophy professors until the late nineteenth century.（现代哲学家现在至少可以回溯到笛卡尔和斯宾诺莎，但直到18世纪末，康德才明确提出了这个概念（认识论），直到19世纪末，它才成为学术机构的结构和哲学教授的标准自我描述。），康德提出的概念在19世纪末成为标准，可见影响力巨大，D选项“康德对十九世纪哲学的发展方向产生了压倒性的影响”正确；B选项“学术机构在塑造形而上学哲学方面的作用在19世纪急剧增长

46、”中没有提到形而上学；C选项“19世纪的哲学家们执行了由笛卡尔和斯宾诺莎明确列出的调查程序”中，笛卡尔和斯宾诺莎最先提出，但主要是使用康德的概念。A选项“19世纪的哲学以科学作为理解知识基础的模式”：根据第三段第一句The demarcation of philosophy from science was facilitated by the development in the early nineteenth century of a new notion, that philosophys core interest should be epistemology, the genera

47、l explanation of what it means to know something.（19世纪早期，一种新观念的发展促进了哲学与科学的区分，即哲学的核心兴趣应该是认识论，即对认识事物的一般解释。），可知在这时哲学与科学分开，哲学的核心是认识论，不符合文章意思。因此D选项正确。34.观点态度题。根据第二段第一句The basis for this view, however, lies in a serious misinterpretation of the past, a projection of modern concerns onto past events.（然而，这种

48、观点基于对过去的严重误解，是将现代的关注投射到过去的事件上。），可知作者认为过去与现在不同，解读方式就不同，不能用当下的态度解读历史，所以B选项“不能把今天的意识归结于历史人物，从而歪曲历史”正确。A选项“历史不应该强调思想的作用而忽视个人的作用”，C选项“历史不应该主要集中在那些与现在最相关的过去事件上”和D选项“历史应该关注描述过去与现在最不同的那些方面”文章没有提到。因此B选项正确。35.主旨大意题。文章在开头提出现代哲学家的观点，然后提出这是错误的，再通过回溯这些观点的起源纠正错误观点，文章最后一句提到还可以继续回溯，所以D选项“通过描述其起源来纠正错误的信仰”正确。A选项“比较两个相

49、互竞争的模型”，B选项“分析一个难以理解的理论”和C选项“为一个理论提供新证据”是文章内容的一部分，不足以概括全文。因此D选项正确。9. 单选题A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so called digital dividethe division of the world into the info (information) rich and the info poor. And the divide does exist today. My wife and I lectured about this loomin

50、g danger twenty years ago. What was less visible then, however, were the new, positive forces that work against the digital divide. There are reasons to be optimistic.There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow. As the internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is i

51、n the interest of business to universalize accessafter all, the more people online, the more potential customers there are. More and more governments, afraid their countries will be left behind, want to spread internet access. Within the next decade or two, one to two billion people on the planet wi

52、ll be netted together. As a result, I now believe the digital divide will narrow rather than widen in the years ahead. And that is very good news because the internet may well be the most powerful tool for combating world poverty that we have ever had.Of course, the use of the Internet is not the on

53、ly way to defeat poverty. And the internet is not the only tool we have; but it has enormous potential. To take advantage of this tool, some impoverished counties will have to get over their outdated and anti-colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment. Countries that still think foreign

54、investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might well study the history of infrastructure (the basic structure foundations of a society) in the United States. When the United States built its industrial infrastructure, it did not have the capital to do so. And that is why Americas Second Wave in

55、frastructureincluding roads, harbors, highways, ports, and so onwere built with foreign investment. The English, The Germans, The Dutch and the French were investing in Britains former colony. They financed them. Immigrant Americans built them. Guess who owns them now? The Americans. I believe the s

56、ame thing would be true in places like Brazil or anywhere else for that matter. The more foreign capital you have helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure, which today is an electronic infrastructure, the better off you are going to be. That does not mean lying down and becoming fooled, or l

57、etting foreign corporations run uncontrolled. But it does mean recognizing how important they can be in building the energy and telecom infrastructures need to take full advantage of the Internet.17. Digital divide is something _.18. Governments attach importance to the Internet because it _.19. The

58、 writer mentioned the case of the United States to justify the policy of _.20. It seems that now a countrys economy depends much on _.问题1选项A.getting worse because of the InternetB.the rich countries are responsible forC.the world must guard againstD.considered positive today问题2选项A.offers economic po

59、tentialsB.can bring foreign fundsC.can soon wipe out world povertyD.connects people all over the world问题3选项A.providing financial support overseasB.preventing foreign capital controlC.building industrial infrastructureD.accepting foreign investment问题4选项A.how well developed it is electronicallyB.wheth

60、er it is prejudiced against immigrantsC.whether it adopts Americans industrial patternD.how much control it has over foreign corporations【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:A【解析】17.推理判断题。根据第一段第三句My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago.（20年前，我和妻子曾就这个逼近的危险发表过演讲。），可知数字鸿沟带来消极影响，应该受到重视，所以C选项

61、“全世界必须防备的”正确，D选项“被视作积极”错误。A选项“因为互联网而变得更糟”：根据第二段第二句和第五句As the internet becomes more and more commercializedI now believe the digital divide will narrow rather than widen in the years ahead.（随着国际互联网越来越商业化现在我认为，在未来几年，数字鸿沟将会缩小而不是扩大），可知数字鸿沟因为互联网而缩小，故错误。B选项“由发达国家造成的”：文中没有提到。因此C选项正确。18.事实细节题。根据第二段第三句More a

62、nd more governments, afraid their countries will be left behind, want to spread internet access.（越来越多的政府担心自己的国家会落后，想要普及互联网接入。），可知互联网可以帮助发展国家经济，所以A选项“带来经济发展潜力”正确。B选项“可以将资金从国外流入”和D选项“连接世界各地的人”：不是互联网能为国家带来的重要作用，故错误。C选项“能快速消除世界贫困”：根据第二段最后一句because the internet may well be the most powerful tool for comb

63、ating world poverty that we have ever had.（因为互联网很可能是对抗我们曾经拥有的世界贫困的最强大的工具。），可知互联网不能快速消除贫困，故错误。因此A选项正确。19.事实细节题。根据第三段第四句Countries that still think foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might well study the history of infrastructure (the basic structure foundations of a society) in the United States.（那些仍然认为外国投资是对其主权的侵犯的国家，最好研究一下美国基础设施（一个社会的基本结构基础）的历史。），可知作者就外国投资的话题以美国为例，所以D选项“接受国外投资”正确。A选项“提供海外经济支持”，B选项“防止外国资本控制”和C选项“建设工业基础设施”：文章没有提到，故错误。因此D选项正确。20.推理判断题。根据文章倒数第三句The more for