考研考博-考博英语-黑龙江大学模拟考试题含答案7

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1、考研考博-考博英语-黑龙江大学模拟考试题含答案1. 单选题A knock at the door again! It was the third time someone（ ）me that evening.问题1选项A.has interruptedB.had interruptedC.to have interruptedD.would have interrupted【答案】B【解析】考查时态。由was和that evening可知事情发生在过去。在某个时刻为止已经在发生的事情，故用过去完成时。句意：又有人在敲门，那晚已经是第三次有人打扰我了。故B项正确。2. 单选题（ ）that my

2、 head had cleared, my brain was also beginning to work much better.问题1选项A.ForB.NowC.SinceD.Despite【答案】B【解析】考查逻辑连词。for、since通常表示原因，不和that连用，now that“既然，因为，由于”；despite“尽管”。句意：由于我的头脑清醒了，我的大脑也开始运转得更好了。前后句因果关系，故B项正确。3. 单选题Everyone knows that the speed of an airplane _ that of a ship.问题1选项A.transplantsB.t

3、ransfersC.transcendsD.transforms【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. transplants 移植 B. transfers 转移C. transcends 胜过，超越 D. transforms 转换【考查点】形近词辨析。【解题思路】空格处的that指代的是speed，也就是说比较飞机与船的速度。C选项transcends“胜过，超越”符合句子逻辑。【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。【句意】大家都知道飞机的速度快于轮船的速度。4. 单选题Although these states and their people are_, they

4、 share the common goal of economic development.问题1选项A.controversialB.involvedC.diverseD.visible【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. controversial有争议的；有争论的 B. involved有关的；卷入的；复杂的C. diverse不同的；多样化的 D. visible明显的；看得见的；现有的【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】根据“共同目标（common goal）”可知：这些地区经济发展的目标相同。空格处的从句用although连接，表示尽管。这句话的意思为尽管这些地区和人所以空格处应该填

5、一个与后面“相同”的反义词表示转折。综上所述，C选项diverse“不同的；多样化的”可引申为此句所需的逻辑“不同的”以满足上述条件。【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。【句意】尽管这些国家及其人民各不相同，但他们都有共同的经济发展目标。5. 单选题Before the interview, each candidate had to have a（ ）medical examination.问题1选项A.porousB.vigorousC.thesaurusD.rigorous【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。porous“能渗透的，有气孔的”；vigorous“精

6、力充沛的”；thesaurus“宝库，辞典”；rigorous“严格的，严厉的”。句意：在面试之前，每个候选人都必须进行严格的体检。D项符合题意。6. 不定项选择题The establishment of the Third Reich influenced events in American history by starting a chain of events which culminated in war between Germany and the United States. The compete destruction of democracy, the persecut

7、ion of Jews, the war on religion, the cruelty and barbarism of the Nazis, and especially the plans of Germany and her allies, Italy and Japan, for world conquest caused great indignation in this country and brought on fear of another world war.While speaking out against Hitlers atrocities, the Ameri

8、can people generally favored isolationist policies and neutrality.The Neutrality Acts of 1935 and 1936 prohibited trade with any belligerents or loans to them. In 1937 the President was empowered to declare an arms embargo in wars between nations at his discretion.American opinion began to change so

9、mewhat after President Roosevelts “quarantine the aggressor” speech at Chicago (1937) in which he severely criticized Hitlers policies. Germanys seizure of Austria and the Munich Pact for the partition of Czechoslovakia (1938) also aroused the American people.The conquest of Czechoslovakia in March,

10、 1939 was another rude awakening to the menace of the Third Reich. In August, 1939 came the shock of the Nazi-soviet Pact and in September the attack on Poland and the outbreak of European war.The United States attempted to maintain neutrality in spite of sympathy for the democracies arrayed against

11、 the Third Reich. The Neutrality Act of 1939 repealed the arms embargo and permitted “cash and carry” exports of arms to belligerent nations. A strong national defense program was begun.A draft act was passed (1940) to strengthen the military services. A Lend Act (1941) authorized the President to s

12、ell, exchange, or lend materials to any country deemed necessary by him for the defense of the United States. Help was given to Britain by exchanging certain overage destroyers for the right to establish American bases in British territory in the Western Hemisphere. In August, 1940 President Rooseve

13、lt and Prime Minister Churchill met and issued the Atlantic Charter which proclaimed the kind of a world which should be established after the war. In December, 1941, Japan launched the unprovoked attack on the United States at Pearl Harbor. Immediately thereafter, Germany declared war on the United

14、 States. 1. One item occurring before 1937 that the author does not mention in his list of actions that alienated the American public was_.2. The Lend-Lease Act was designed to_.3. American policy during the years 1935-1936 may be described as being _.4. The Neutrality Act of 1939 _.5. We entered th

15、e war against Germany_.问题1选项A.the burning of the ReichstagB.German plans for conquestC.Nazi barbarismD.the persecution of religious group问题2选项A.help the BritishB.strengthen the national defense of the United StatesC.promote the Atlantic CharterD.avenge Pearl Harbor问题3选项A.watchfulB.isolationistC.peac

16、efulD.indifferent问题4选项A.permitted the selling of arms to belligerent nationsB.antagonized JapanC.permitted the British to trade only with the AlliesD.led to the Lend-Lease Act问题5选项A.because Germany declared warB.because Japan was an ally of GermanyC.after Germany had signed the Nazi-Soviet PactD.aft

17、er peaceful efforts had failed【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:B第4题:A第5题:A【解析】1.【选项释义】One item occurring before 1937 that the author does not mention in his list of actions that alienated the American public was _. 有一件事发生在1937年之前，但作者在他的疏远美国公众的行为清单中没有提到的是 _。A. the burning of the Reichstag A. 国会大厦的焚毁B. German plans

18、for conquest B. 德国征服计划C. Nazi barbarism C. 纳粹暴虐D. the persecution of religious group D. 宗教团体的迫害【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到Para.1第二句，该处讲到“对犹太人的迫害（the persecution of Jews）”“纳粹的暴虐（barbarism of the Nazis）”以及“德国征服计划（the plans of Germany for world conquest）”。B、C、D都有提到，只有A没有。因此选A。【干扰项排除】A选项国会大厦的焚毁，属于无中生有。2

19、.【选项释义】The Lend-Lease Act was designed to _. 租借法案的目的是 _。A. help the British A. 帮助英国B. strengthen the national defense of the United States B. 加强美国的国防C. promote the Atlantic Charter C. 促进大西洋宪章D. avenge Pearl Harbor D. 珍珠港报仇【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干信息词Lend-Lease Act可定位到倒数第二段1941处，该处讲到“这项法案的目的是为了保卫美国（for t

20、he defense of the United States）”。换言之，就是加强美国的国防。比对选项，B选项恰好是此信息的同义转换，因此B选项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“帮助英国”，这个法案颁布后确实给英国提供了帮助，但是这不是美国的根本目的。A选项属于本末倒置；C选项“促进大西洋宪章”，文中没有提到，C选项属于无中生有；D选项“珍珠港报仇”，文中没有提及两者的关系，D选项属于无中生有。3.【选项释义】American policy during the years 1935-1936 may be described as being _. 美国在1935-1936年间的政策可以被描述为

21、 _。A. watchful A. 注意的；警惕的B. isolationist B. 孤立主义的C. peaceful C. 和平的，爱好和平的D. indifferent D. 冷淡的，不关心的【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据出处提示词1935-1936与题干信息词American policy可定位到Para.3第一句，该处讲到“1935-1936的中立法案（The Neutrality Acts of 1935 and 1936）”。还讲到“美国人民普遍支持孤立政策（the American people generally favored isolationist polici

22、es and neutrality）”。比对选项，B选项恰好是此信息的同义转换，因此B选项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“注意的”，属于无中生有；C选项“和平的”，属于无中生有；D选项“冷淡的”，属于无中生有。4.【选项释义】The Neutrality Act of 1939_. 1939年中立法案_。A. permitted the selling of arms to belligerent nations A. 允许向交战国家出售武器B. antagonized Japan B. 对抗日本C. permitted the British to trade only with the All

23、ies C. 允许英国只与协约国进行贸易D. led to the Lend-Lease Act D. 导致了租借法案的出台【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据题干信息词The Neutrality Act of 1939可定位到倒数第三段第二句，该处讲到“废弃了武器禁运，允许向交战国家现购自运出口武器”。换言之，允许对交战国家出口武器。比对选项，A选项恰好是此信息的同义转换，因此A选项正确。【干扰项排除】B选项“对抗日本”，属于无中生有；C选项“允许英国只与协约国进行贸易”，属于无中生有；D选项“导致了租借法案的出台”，文中没有提及两者关系，D选项属于过度推断。5.【选项释义】We ent

24、ered the war against Germany _. 我们参加了对德战争_。A. because Germany declared war A. 因为德国宣战了B. because Japan was an ally of Germany B. 因为日本是德国的盟友C. after Germany had signed the Nazi-SovietC. 在德国签署了纳粹苏联条约之后D. after peaceful efforts had failed D. 在和平努力失败之后【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到最后一段，该处讲到“Germany declared

25、 war on the United States.”。因为前文一直讲到美国处于中立状态，所以德国宣战后美国才参加了对德战争。比对选项，A选项恰好是此信息的同义转换，因此A选项正确。【干扰项排除】B选项“因为日本是德国的盟友”，属于无中生有；C选项“在德国签署了纳粹-苏联条约之后”，文中没有提过，属于无中生有；D选项“在和平努力失败之后”，文中美国一直处于中立状态，没有进行和平努力，属于无中生有。7. 单选题The person who（ ）this type of research deserves our praise.问题1选项A.originatedB.manufacturedC.ge

26、neratedD.estimated【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。originate“引起，创作”；manufacture“制造，加工”；generate“生成，使发生”；estimate“估计，判断”。句意：发起这项研究的人值得赞扬。只有A项符合题意。8. 写作题Directions: Nowadays, traffic problem remains one of the most serious situations in urban areas. Write an essay of 180-200 words to discuss this topic. Your essay mus

27、t include the instructions as follows:1. Present situations2. Possible reasons3. What should be done to solve this problem【答案】略9. 单选题The Wallenstein study indicates that even after a decade young men and women still experience some of the effects of a divorce（ ）.问题1选项A.that occurred when a childB.th

28、at occurred when they were childrenC.that has occurred as each was a childD.occurring when children【答案】B【解析】考查语法。分析句子成分可知空格处所填成分为定语，when引导时间状语从句。句意：瓦伦斯坦的研究表明，即使过了十年，年轻男女仍然会受到父母离婚的影响，这些离婚是在他们还是孩子时发生的。B项符合题意。10. 单选题Not long ago, a mysterious Christmas card dropped through our mail slot. The envelope w

29、as addressed to a man named Raoul, who, I was relatively certain did not live with us. The envelope wasnt sealed, so I opened it. The inside of the card was bland. Ed, my husband, explained that the card was both from and to the newspaper deliveryman. His name was apparently Raoul, and Raoul wanted

30、a holiday tip. We were meant to put a check inside the card and then drop the envelope in the mail. When your services are rendered at 4 a. m, you cant simply hang around, like a hotel bellboy expecting a tip. You have to be direct.So I wrote a nice holiday greeting to this man who, in my imaginatio

31、n, fires The New York Times from his bike aimed at our front door, causing more noise with mere newsprint than most people manage with sophisticated black market fireworks.With a start, I realized that perhaps the reason for the 4 a.m. wake-up noise was not ordinary rudeness but carefully executed s

32、pite: I had not tipped Raoul in Christmases past. I honestly hadnt realized I was supposed to. This was the first time hed used the card tactic. So I got out my checkbook. Somewhere along the line, holiday tipping went from an optional tank-you for a year of services to a Mafia-style protection rack

33、et(收取保护费的黑社会组织).Several days later, I was bringing our garbage bins back from the curb when I noticed an envelope taped to one of the lids. The outside of the envelope said MICKEY. It had to be another tip request, this time from our garbage collector. Unlike Raoul, Mickey hadnt enclosed his own Chr

34、istmas card from me. In a way I appreciated the directness. “I know you dont care how merry my Christmas is, and thats fine, the gesture said. I want $30, or Ill forget to empty your garbage bin some hot summer day.”I put a check in the envelope and taped it back to the bin. The next morning, Ed not

35、iced that the envelope was gone, though the trash hadnt yet been picked up. “Someone stole Mickeys tip!” Ed was quite certain. He made me call the bank and cancel the check.But Ed had been wrong. Two weeks later, Mickey left a letter from the bank our steps. The letter informed Mickey that the check

36、, which he had tried to cash, had been cancelled. The following Tuesday morning, when Ed saw a truck outside, he ran out with his wallet. “Are you Mickey?”The man looked at him with scorn. “Mickey is the garbageman. I am the recycling.” Not only had Ed insulted this man by hinting that he was a garb

37、ageman, but he had obviously neglected to tip him. Ed ran back inside for more funds. Then he noticed that the driver of the truck had been watching the whole transaction. He peeled off another twenty and looked around, waving bills in the air. “Anyone else?”Had we consulted the website of the Emily

38、 Post Institute, this embarrassing breach of etiquette(礼节)could have been avoided. Under 44trash/recycling collectors” in the institutes Holiday Tipping Guidelines, it says, “$10 to $30 each.” You may or may not wish to know that your pet groomer, hairdresser, mailman and UPS guy all expect a holida

39、y tip.1.The newspaper deliveryman put a blank card inside the envelope because（ ）.2.From the passage, we learn that the author（ ）.3.According to the passage, the author felt（ ）to give Raoul a holiday tip.4.Which of the following is CORRECT about Mickey, the garbage collector?5.Eds encounter with the

40、 recycling team shows that（ ）.问题1选项A.he forgot to write a few words on itB.he wanted the couple to send it backC.he used it to ask for a Christmas tipD.he was afraid of asking for a tip in person问题2选项A.didnt like Raouls way of delivering the paperB.didnt realize why Raoul delivered the paper that wa

41、yC.didnt know that Raoul came very early inD.didnt feel it necessary to meet Raoul when he came问题3选项A.excitedB.delightedC.embarrassedD.forced问题4选项A.He wrote a letter to the couple afterwards.B.He failed to collect the money from the bank.C.He wanted the couple to send him a Christmas card.D.He colle

42、cted both the check and the garbage that day.问题5选项A.Ed was desperate to correct his mistakeB.Ed only wanted to give money to RaoulC.Ed was unwilling to tip the truck driverD.Ed no longer wanted to give them money【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.推理判断题。文章第三段提到我在过去的圣诞节没有给Raoul小费，这是他第一次使用这样的策略（This wa

43、s the first time hed used the card tactic），由此可知Raoul是想用这种方法要消费，因此选项C符合题意。2.推理判断题。文章第三段提到我意识到凌晨4点起床时发出的噪音也许不是普通的无礼，而是精心制造的恶意（With a start, I realized that perhaps the reason for the 4 a.m. wake-up noise was not ordinary rudeness but carefully executed spite），由此可推测出作者起初不知道Raoul扔报纸发出那么大声音的原因，选项B符合题意。3.

44、推理判断题。文章第三段提到作者真的没有意识到应该要这么做（即给小费）（I honestly hadnt realized I was supposed to）。由此可知给小费并不是作者的本意，而是被迫的，因此选项D符合题意。excited “兴奋的”；delighted “高兴的”；embarrassed “尴尬的”；forced “被迫的”。4.细节事实题。文章第六段提到那封信通知米奇，他尝试取的支票被取消了（The letter informed Mickey that the check, which he had tried to cash, had been cancelled），由

45、此可知他没能从银行取钱，选项B符合题意。5.细节事实题。文章倒数第二段提到他取出另外的20元，环顾四周，摇着钱说“还有人要吗”（He peeled off another twenty and looked around, waving bills in the air. “Anyone else?”），由此可知他极度想要改正自己的错误，选项A符合题意。11. 单选题The microscope can（ ）the object 100 times in diameter.问题1选项A.magnifyB.increaseC.developD.multiply【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。ma

46、gnify“放大，扩大”；increase“增加”；develop“发展，开发”；multiply“增加，繁殖”。句意：显微镜可以把一个物体的直径放大一百倍。A项符合题意。12. 单选题They（ ）into the deep pond from the overhanging cliff in a beautiful dive.问题1选项A.submergedB.plungeC.duckedD.immersed【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。submerge“淹没，把浸入，沉浸”；plunge“跳进，使突然地下落”；duck“躲避”；immerse“沉浸，使陷入”。句意：他们从悬崖潜入深水池

47、，完成了一个完美的跳水动作。只有B项符合题意，从悬崖跳入深水池，速度很快，快速下落。13. 单选题In the school library there is a collection of foreign books _ to the public.问题1选项A.accessibleB.adjustableC.admirableD.adaptable【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. accessible 易接近的；可使用的 B. adjustable 可调节的C. admirable 令人钦佩的；极好的 D. adaptable 能适应的【考查点】形近词辨析。【解题思路】根据句意应该是有一

48、大批外国图书可供公众查阅。A选项accessible“可使用的”，accessible to可表示“可得到的”可引申为此句所需要的逻辑。【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。【句意】学校图书馆里有一批供公众阅读的外国书籍。14. 单选题The two surfaces（ ）to each other and we couldnt get them apart.问题1选项A.stuckB.clungC.coheredD.adhered【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。stick“粘住，贴有粘着剂而变得固定”，stick to 坚持；cling“紧抓”；cohere“凝结，粘

49、着”；adhere to“粘附，指被吸力或胶水粘住”。句意：这两个面粘在一起了，我们不能把它们分离。故D项符合题意。15. 单选题Conventional wisdom about conflict seems pretty much cut and dried. Too little conflict breeds apathy and stagnation, too much conflict leads to divisiveness and hostility. Moderate levels of conflict, however, can spark creativity and

50、 motivate people in a healthy and competitive way.Recent research by Professor Charles R. Schwenk, however, suggests that the optimal level of conflict may be more complex to determine than these simple generalizations. He studied perceptions of conflict among a sample of executives. Some of the exe

51、cutives worked for profit-seeking organizations and others for not-for-profit organizations.Somewhat surprisingly, Schwenk found that opinions about conflict varied systematically as a function of the type of organization. Specifically, managers in not-for-profit organizations strongly believed that

52、 conflict was beneficial to their organizations and that it promoted higher quality decision making than might be achieved in the absence of conflict.Managers of for-profit organizations saw a different picture. They believed that conflict generally was damaging and usually led to poor-quality decis

53、ion making in their organizations. Schwenk interpreted these results in terms of the criteria for effective decision making suggested by the executives. In the profit-seeking organizations, decision-making effectiveness was most often assessed in financial terms. The executives believed that consens

54、us rather than conflict enhanced financial indicators.In the not-for-profit organizations, decision-making effectiveness was defined from the perspective of satisfying constituents. Given the complexities and ambiguities associated with satisfying many diverse constituents executives perceived that

55、conflict led to more considered and acceptable decisions.1.In the eyes of the author, conventional opinion on conflict is（ ）.2.Professor Charles R. Schwenks research shows（ ）.3.We can learn from Schwenks research that（ ）.4.The passage suggests that in for-profit organizations（ ）.5.People working in

56、a not-for-profit organization（ ）.问题1选项A.wrongB.oversimplifiedC.misleadingD.unclear问题2选项A.the advantages and disadvantages of conflictB.the real value of conflictC.the difficult in determining the optimal level of conflictD.the complexity of defining the roles of conflict问题3选项A.a persons view of conf

57、lict is influenced by the purpose of his organizationB.conflict is necessary for managers of for-profit organizationsC.different people resolve conflicts in different waysD.it is impossible for people to avoid conflict问题4选项A.there is no end of conflictB.expression of different opinions is encouraged

58、C.decisions must be justifiableD.success lies in general agreement问题5选项A.seem to be difficult to satisfyB.are free to express diverse opinionsC.are less effective in making decisionsD.find it easier to reach agreement【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.观点态度题。由第二段“Recent research by Professor Charles

59、R. Schwenk, however, suggests that the optimal level of conflict may be more complex to determine than these simple generalizations. 然而，Charles R. Schwenk教授最近的研究表明，确定冲突的最佳水平可能比这些简单的概括要复杂得多。”可知作者认为公众对于冲突的理解过于简单。故B项正确。2.细节事实题。由“Recent research by Professor Charles R. Schwenk, however, suggests that th

60、e optimal level of conflict may be more complex to determine than these simple generalizations. 然而，Charles R. Schwenk教授最近的研究表明，确定冲突的最佳水平可能比这些简单的概括要复杂得多。”可知确定冲突的最佳水平存在困难。故C项正确。3.推理判断题。由第三段“Somewhat surprisingly, Schwenk found that opinions about conflict varied systematically as a function of the typ

61、e of organization. 有些令人惊讶的是，Schwenk发现，对于冲突的看法随着组织类型的不同而系统地变化。”接下来分别列举了盈利机构和非盈利机构对待冲突的不同看法。故A项正确。4.推理判断题。由第四段“In the profit-seeking organizations, decision-making effectiveness was most often assessed in financial terms. The executives believed that consensus rather than conflict enhanced financial i

62、ndicators. 在以盈利为目的的组织中，决策效能最常以财务术语来评估。高管们认为，共识而不是冲突可以增强财务指标。”可知盈利机构认为共识能增强财务指标。故D项“成功在于统一的意见（共识）”正确。5.推理判断题。由最后一段“In the not-for-profit organizations, decision-making effectiveness was defined from the perspective of satisfying constituents. Given the complexities and ambiguities associated with satisfying many diverse constituents executives perceived that conflict led to more considered and acceptable decisions. 在非营利性组