2022年考博英语-煤炭科学研究总院考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第49期

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1、2022年考博英语-煤炭科学研究总院考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Have you winterized your horse yet? Even though global warming may have made our climate milder, many animals are still hibernating. Its too bad that humans cant hibernate. In fact, as a species, we almost did.Apparently, at times in the past, peasants in Fra

2、nce liked a semi-state of human hibernation. So writes Graham Robb, a British scholar who has studied the sleeping habits of the French peasants. As soon as the weather turned cold people all over France shut themselves away and practiced the forgotten art of doing nothing at all for months on end.I

3、n line with this, Jeff Warren, a producer at CBC Radios The Current, tells us that the way we sleep has changed fundamentally since the invention of artificial lighting and the electric bulb.When historians began studying texts of the Middle Ages, they noticed something referred to as “first sleep”,

4、 which was not clarified, though. Now scientists are telling us our ancestors most likely slept in separate periods. The business of eight hours uninterrupted sleep is a modern invention.In the past, without the artificial light of the city to bathe in, humans went to sleep when it became dark and t

5、hen woke themselves around midnight. The late night period was known as “The Watch”. It was when people actually kept watch against wild animals, although many of them simply moved around or visited family and neighbors.According to some sleep researchers, a short period of insomnia at midnight is n

6、ot a disorder. It is normal. Humans can experience another state of consciousness around their sleeping, which occurs in the brief period before we fall asleep or wake ourselves in the morning. This period can be an extraordinarily creative time for some people. The impressive inventor, Thomas Ediso

7、n, used this state to hit upon many of his new ideas.Playing with your sleep rhythms can be adventurous, as anxiety may set in. Medical science doesnt help much in this case. It offers us medicines for a full nights continuous sleep, which sounds natural; however, according to Warrens theory, it is

8、really the opposite of what we need.1. The example of the French peasants shows the fact that （ ）.2. The late night was called “The Watch” because it was a time for people （ ）.3. Thomas Edison is cited to show （ ）.4. What does the author advise people to do?5. What is most possibly the source of thi

9、s article?问题1选项A.people might become lazy as a result of too much sleepB.there were signs of hibernation in human sleeping habitsC.people tended to sleep more peacefully in cold weatherD.winter was a season for people to sleep for months on end问题2选项A.to set traps to catch animalsB.to wake up their f

10、amily and neighborsC.to remind others of the timeD.to guard against possible dangers问题3选项A.insomnia is harmful to peopleB.human being cannot overcome insomniaC.a short period of consciousness during sleeping is normal for human beingD.great scientists must sleep less to make great inventions问题4选项A.S

11、leep in the way animals do.B.Consult a doctor if they cant sleep.C.Follow their natural sleep rhythm.D.Keep to the eight-hour sleep pattern.问题5选项A.scientific journalsB.history booksC.science fictionsD.fairy tales【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“文中用法国农民的例子来体现一个什么事实呢？”。第二段讲述了过去的法国农

12、民等天气一变冷就会把自己关在屋子里几个月，什么都不做；这一例子是用来论证第一段的论点In fact, as a species, we almost did.”中，did指代前面提到的hibernate，表达的意思是“事实上，作为一个物种，我们都会冬眠”。A项“因为睡太多的觉人们可能会变懒”和C项“在冬天人们睡得更安稳”没有提到；D项“冬天是人们可以睡好几个月的季节”，文中只是提到天气变冷，法国农民就会把自己关到屋子里，并没有说一直睡觉。因此此题B项正确。2.【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“深夜被叫作The Watch是因为这个时间是人们要干的时候？”。从第五段最后一句It was whe

13、n people actually kept watch against wild animals, although many of them simply moved around or visited family and neighbors.（那时人们实际上是在监视野生动物，尽管许多动物只是四处走动或者逗留一会。）可以看出The Watch是代表到了人们要监视外面可能的危险的时间。A项“设陷阱抓动物”，没有提到；B项“叫醒他们的邻居和家人”，文中只是提到这些动物只是在邻居门前逗留一会，该项不符合题意；C项“提醒其他人时间”，这个时间只是提醒守夜的人要开始监视外面，没有提醒其他人。因此该

14、题D项正确。3.【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“在这里引用托马斯爱迪生是用来表示？”。第六段提到在午夜短时间的失眠是正常的，第三句接着提到Humans can experience another state of consciousness around their sleeping, which occurs in the brief period before we fall asleep or wake ourselves in the morning. This period can beThomas Edison, used this state to hit upon man

15、y of his ideas.（人类在睡眠时还会经历另一种意识状态，这种状态发生在我们入睡前或早上醒来之前的短暂时间里。对某些人来说，这段时期是极具创造力的时期。令人印象深刻的发明家，托马斯爱迪生，就是在这种状态下想出了他的许多想法。）可知睡眠时短暂的意识状态对人来说是正常的。A项“失眠对人类有伤害”，倒数第二段第一句a short period of insomnia at midnight is not a disorder（午夜时分短暂的失眠并不是一种疾病），提到短暂失眠是正常的，而失眠对人类有伤害没有提到；B项“人类不能克服失眠”，最后一段有提到可以服用药物，但是这不是引用爱迪生例子的

16、目的；D项“为了发明科学家睡得都很少”，文中只是说这种短暂的意识状态适合创造，没有说科学家睡得少。因此该题C项正确。4.【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“作者建议人们去做什么？”。最后一段说Playing with your sleep rhythms can be adventurous, as anxiety may set in.（调整你的睡眠节奏可能是冒险的，因为焦虑可能会出现），但最后一句It offers us medicines for a full nights continuous sleep, which sounds natural; however, accordin

17、g to Warrens theory, it is really the opposite of what we need.（医学为我们提供了整夜不会间断睡眠的药物，这听起来很自然；然而，根据沃伦的理论，这确实与我们所需要的相反），由此看出，作者是建议人们跟随自己自然的睡眠规律。A项“和动物的睡觉方式一样”，只是建议遵循自己的睡眠规律，没有一定要和动物睡眠规律一样；B项“如果不能睡着咨询医生”，这不是作者阐述的建议；D项“保持八小时睡眠模式”最后一段没有提到。因此C项“跟随自然的睡眠规律”正确。5.【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“这篇文章的来源最有可能是来自于哪里？”。本文论述了研究者发

18、现在过去人类也像其他动物一样有冬眠时期，现在的八小时睡眠只是现代被改变的睡眠方式，文章有论有据，可以推断出这是一篇科普类文章。B项“历史书”，C项“科幻小说”，D项“神话故事”；因此A选项正确。2. 单选题Put both vegetables into a bowl and （ ） with a potato masher.问题1选项A.crashB.crushC.clashD.crack【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A项crash “碰撞”，B项crush “压碎”，C项clash “冲突”，D项crack “使破裂”；句意：把这两种蔬菜都放进碗里，用捣土豆器捣碎。因此B选项正确。3.

19、单选题Holders of deferred shares have no rights to vote at general meetings or receive any （ ）.问题1选项A.divisiveB.divideC.dividendD.division【答案】C【解析】考查形近词辨析。A项形容词divisive “分裂的、区分的”，B项动词divide “分开”，C项名词dividend “红利、股息”，D项名词division “除法、分割”；句意：递延股票的持有者在股东大会上没有投票权，也不能获得任何股息。因此C选项正确。4. 单选题The discussion quic

20、kly （ ） into an angry argument.问题1选项A.deterioratedB.aggravatedC.increaseD.declined【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A项deteriorate “恶化”，B项aggravate “加重、激怒”，C项increase “提高”，D项decline “拒绝”；句意：这场讨论迅速演变成愤怒的争吵。因此A选项正确。5. 单选题During my second year at the city college, I was told that the education department was offering a “

21、free” course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits. I （1） the idea of taking the class because, after all, who doesnt want to （2） a few dollars? More than that, Id always wanted to learn chess. And, even if I werent （3） enough about free credits, news about our （4） was appealing enough to me. He

22、 was an international grand master, which （5） I would be learning from one of the games （6）. I could hardly wait to （7） him.Maurice Ashley was kind and smart, a former graduate returning to teach, and this （8） was no game for him; he meant business. In his introduction, he made it （9） that our credi

23、ts would be hard-earned. In order to （10） the class among other criteria, we had to write a paper on how we plan to （11） what we would learn in class to our future professions and （12） to our lives. I managed to get an A in that （13） and learned life lessons that have served me well beyond the （14）.

24、Ten years after my chess class with Ashley, Im still putting to use what he （15） me: “the absolute most important （16） that you learn when you play chess is how to make good （17）.On every single move you have to （18） a situation, process what your opponent is doing and （19） the best move from among

25、all your options.” These words still ring true today in my （20）as a journalist.问题1选项A.put forwardB.jumped atC.tried outD.turned down问题2选项A.wasteB.earnC.saveD.pay问题3选项A.excitedB.worriedC.movedD.tired问题4选项A.titleB.competitorC.textbookD.instructor问题5选项A.urgedB.demandedC.heldD.meant问题6选项A.fastestB.easie

26、stC.bestD.rarest问题7选项A.interviewB.meetC.challengeD.beat问题8选项A.chanceB.qualificationC.honorD.job问题9选项A.realB.perfectC.clearD.possible问题10选项A.attendB.passC.skipD.observe问题11选项A.addB.exposeC.applyD.compare问题12选项A.eventuallyB.naturallyC.directlyD.normally问题13选项A.gameB.presentationC.courseD.experiment问题1

27、4选项A.criterionB.classroomC.departmentD.situation问题15选项A.taughtB.wroteC.questionedD.promised问题16选项A.factB.stepC.mannerD.skill问题17选项A.gradesB.decisionsC.impressionsD.comments问题18选项A.analyzeB.describeC.rebuildD.control问题19选项A.announceB.signalC.blockD.evaluate问题20选项A.roleB.desireC.concernD.behavior【答案】第

28、1题:B第2题:C第3题:A第4题:D第5题:D第6题:C第7题:B第8题:D第9题:C第10题:B第11题:C第12题:A第13题:C第14题:B第15题:A第16题:D第17题:B第18题:A第19题:D第20题:A【解析】1. 【试题解析】考查上下文语义和动词短语。A项put forward “提出”，B项jumped at “欣然接受，急切的接受”，C项tried out “试验、考验”，D项turned down “减小，调低（声音）、拒绝”；上文说I was told that the education department was offering a “free” cours

29、e, called Thinking Chess, for three credits.（我被告知教育部门为学生提供了一门免费的课程思考象棋，这门课程有三个学分），由此可以看出是欣然/急切的接受了这门课程，因此选B。2. 【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A项waste “浪费”，B项earn “获得”，C项save “节省、储蓄、保存”，D项pay “支付”；上文提到急切的接受这门课程，推断是因为“我”想省钱；所以此处用“save”最合适，save money “省钱、存钱”；因此选C。3. 【试题解析】考查语义和形容词辨析。A项excited “感到激动的”，B项worried “担心的”，C项m

30、oved “感动的”，D项tired “疲劳的”；通过even if I werent （ ） enough about free credits, news about our （ ） was appealing enough to me句子和上文“我”对免费课程是欣然接受的态度来看，关于免费的学分“我”是感到激动的；句意：即使免费的学分不足以让我感到激动，但关于的消息就足够吸引我。因此A项正确。4. 【试题解析】考查语义和名词辨析。A项title “标题”，B项competitor “对手”，C项textbook “教科书”，D项instructor “指导员、教员”；根据下文He was

31、 an international grand master （他是一位国际象棋大师），由此看，此处需要填入的词义为“老师/指导员”；因此此处D项正确。5. 【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A项urge “驱策、催促”，B项demand “要求”，C项hold “持有”，D项mean “意味着”；根据句子He was an international grand master, which （ ） I would be learning from one of the games，可以推断句意是“他是一位国际象棋大师，这意味着我将在数一数二的象棋棋手那里学习”，因此此处D项正确。6. 【试题解析】考

32、查形容词最高级的用法。A项fastest “最快速的”，B项easiest “最容易的”，C项best “最好的”，D项 rarest “最罕见的”；根据上文“我”的导师是国际象棋大师，可知 “我”将在数一数二的象棋棋手那里学习；one of the best “最好的之一、数一数二”；此处C项正确。7. 【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A项interview “面试、采访”，B项meet “见到”，C项challenge “挑战”，D项 beat “打败”； 根据句子“I could hardly wait to （ ） him” 可以知道句意“我等不及要去见他了”；cant /can hardl

33、y wait to do sth.等不及干某事。因此此处只有B项正确。8. 【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A项chance “机会”，B项qualification “资格”，C项honor “荣誉”，D项 job “工作”；上文说Maurice Ashley was kind and smart, a former graduate returning to teach（Maurice Ashley善良又聪明，他是以前的一位毕业生，后来回来教书），可知此处词义是“工作”；因此D项正确。9. 【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A项real “真正的”，B项perfect “完美的”，C项clear “清

34、楚的”，D项possible “可能的”；根据句子he made it （ ） that our credits would be hard-earned猜测句意应是“他给我们说清楚了这个学分会很难拿到”；make it clear“弄清楚、说清楚”，因此此处C项正确。10. 【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A项attend “参加”，B项pass “通过”，C项skip “跳跃”，D项 observe “遵守、观察”；上文提到这个学分很难拿到，按照逻辑，此处应该是通过考试。句意：为了通过考试，我们必须写一篇论文。因此B项符合。11. 【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A项add “添加”，B项expose

35、 “暴露”，C项apply “应用”，D项compare “比较”；上文说学分很难拿，本句说“我们”必须写一篇论文，猜测句意是：我们必须写一篇论文关于怎么把我们学的知识应用到未来的职业生活中。此处需要填入的词义为“应用”；apply to “把应用到”。因此C项符合。12. 【试题解析】考查副词辨析。A项eventually “最终地”，B项naturally “自然地”，C项directly “直接地”，D项normally “正常地”；上文说“我们”写一篇关于怎么把课堂里学到的知识应用于未来职业中的论文，这里要表达的是递进的意思，句意是：最终我们将课堂学到的知识应用到我们的生活中。因此A项

36、符合。13. 【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A项game “游戏”，B项presentation “介绍”，C项course “课程”，D项experiment “实验”；上文谈到为了通过考试，需要写一篇论文，此处应该与上文对应填course，句意是：我设法在这门课程拿了个A。因此C项符合。14. 【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A项criterion “标准”，B项classroom “教室”，C项department “部门”，D项situation “情况”；前面说到and learned life lessons that have served me well（学到的人生经验让我受益匪浅），可

37、以推断“我”是在这门课学到的，这是超越课堂之外的，因此应该填classroom；句意是：我还学习到了课堂外对我受益匪浅的生活课程。因此B项正确。15. 【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A项teach “教”，B项write “写”，C项question “提问”，D项promise “承诺”；根据句子Ten years after my chess class with Ashley, Im still putting to use what he （ ） me来看，这里的he是指Ashley，即“我”的老师，老师对学生是教授。句意：十年之后，我仍然在运用Ashley在课堂上教我的方法。因此A项正确

38、。16. 【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A项fact “事实”，B项step “步”，C项manner “方式”，D项skill “技能”；此句句意是：你在学下棋的时候，学到的绝对重要的技能就是如何做出好的决定。因此D项正确。17. 【试题解析】考查名词辨析。 A项grade “分数、等级”， B项decision “决定”，C项impression “印象”，D项comment “评论”；此处表达的应该是“如何做出好的决定”；make decision “做决定”。因此B项正确。18. 【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A项analyze “分析”，B项describe “描述”，C项rebuild “

39、重建”，D项control “控制”；此句on every single move you have to （ ） a situation表达的应该是“下棋时你的每一步都要分析形势”。因此A项正确。19. 【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A项announce “宣布”，B项signal “发信号”，C项block “阻塞”，D项evaluate “评估”；此句process what your opponent is doing and _ the best move from among all your options表达的应该是“审清你的对手要干什么，然后评估出最好的一步”。因此D项符合。20

40、. 【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A项role “角色”，B项desire “欲望”，C项concern “涉及，关系到”，D项behavior “行为”；此句These words still ring true in my （ ） as a journalist表达的应该是“现在这些话对我作为一名新闻记者的角色来说仍然正确”；另外提到了journalist “记者”，是一种职业，所以填role符合语义。因此A项正确。6. 单选题Just as there are teachers who simply go through the motions and drag us through the

41、 material in order to complete a required course, there are companies and jobs and bosses that do the same. That doesnt mean you have to live with it. Avoid those fear-run workplaces. Quit those jobs. Ask your friends about where they work, or about companies theyve read about or heard about where p

42、assion, excitement, and human energy are valued above all else. In those places, you will find that fear is not primary motivator for getting to results.Although Ive found that most organizations do not focus on their culture, there are also a significant number of companies who are quite clear abou

43、t what they are trying to achieve. Those companies have a mission and a purpose in what they do. The people who work there are focused not on themselves, but on those they serve. They are working on something much bigger than themselves. I learned to love my job by connecting it to joy: joy for our

44、customers, joy for the end users of our products, joy for my team, and personal joy in what we were doing.Many believe this kind of mission focus can only occur in the non-profit world. This couldnt be further from the truth. There are successful purpose-driven private and public corporations, large

45、 and small. They are still rare, though, so it wont necessarily be easy to find them, but it is worth your time to pursue this search. Some of you will be inclined to do what I ultimately did and start your own firm, with its own mission and purpose. Entrepreneurship for me was the enabler of a nobl

46、e yet selfish pursuit: I wanted to create a company that I loved. I created my own fulfilling job, but it would only be fulfilling to me if it were also rewarding for those who worked around me.To learn to love your job, its important to find a job where learning is a requirement to success. Learnin

47、g produces joy, regardless of the industry youre in. Become a student again. Read books, study organizations, and stretch yourself to try new things. If you are in a technical or a support role, volunteer for sales support assignments and watch how your company interacts with its customers. Sign up

48、for trade show booth duty and learn what others in the world are seeking from firms like yours. Learn to present in front of others. Sign up to speak at conferences, and then go listen to other speakers. Find the ideas, the people and the companies that inspire you.1. The authors purpose in using te

49、achers as an example is to （ ）.2. The author favors companies that （ ）.3. By “This couldnt be further from the truth” (Line 1, Para. 3), the author means he thinks （ ）.4. What do we learn about the authors joy for his job?5. What suggestion does the author make at the end of the passage?问题1选项A.empha

50、size the value of commitmentB.show concern for bad work performanceC.point out the importance of job trainingD.argue against fear-run workplaces问题2选项A.are big and ambitiousB.are customer-orientedC.motivate employees with rewardsD.focus on their self-image问题3选项A.the non-profit world has hidden rulesB

51、.a mission tells truth about a companyC.the statement is absolutely falseD.a company truly goes after profits问题4选项A.It depends largely on his free will and selfish pursuit.B.It comes from the satisfaction of people in his company.C.It enables him to inspire people working around him.D.It is based on

52、 his own firm belief in his business skills.问题5选项A.Seize opportunities to learn on the job.B.Play a variety of roles to be successful.C.Keep a good relationship with customers.D.Seek other firms that need your skills.【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.【试题解析】观点态度题。题干意思是“作者使用教师的例子是为了？”。第一段陈述的例子是“有些老师只

53、是走过场敷衍的讲完授课的内容，以便完成一项规定的课程”，然后第三句提到Avoid those fear-fun workplace.（避开那些让人恐惧得想跑的公司），由此看出作者是想用例子来表达他对这种公司的反对态度。A选项“强调贡献的价值”，文中是强调快乐的工作，不是贡献就会快乐；B选项“对不好的工作表现的关注”，文中关注的是如何快乐工作；C选项“指出工作培训的重要性”文中没有提到。因此该题D正确。2.【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“作者支持的公司？”。第二段第三句The people who work there are focused not on themselves, but o

54、n those they serve（在那里工作的人不是专注于自己，而是专注于他们服务的人），由此可以推断作者是支持以客户为中心的公司。A项“规模大且有野心的”不全面，根据第三段第三句There are successful purpose-driven private and public corporations, large and small.（有许多成功的以目标为驱动的私营和公立公司，有大的公司，也有小的公司），可知也有规模小的；C项“用奖励激励员工”和D项“关注自我形象”未提及，因此B选项正确。3.【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“通过第三段第一行This couldnt be

55、further from the truth，作者的意思是他认为？”。第三段第一句Many believe this kind of in the non-profit world.（很多人认为这种专注使命的做法只发生在非营利性组织里面）与This couldnt be further from the truth.（这与事实相差甚远）衔接，第二句话是作者觉得很多人认为的这种专注使命的做法只发生在非营利性组织里面的想法是错误的。A选项“非盈利组织有隐藏规则”没有提到；B选项“使命揭示了公司的真相”，这不是作者表达的意思；D选项“一个公司真正追求的是利益”，这个是人们认为公司是以利益为目标的，不

56、是作者的看法。因此该题C项正确。4.【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“关于作者的工作乐趣我们了解到什么？”。第三段最后两句Entrepreneurship for me was the enabler of a noble yet selfish pursuit I create my own fulfilling job, but it would only be fulfilling to me if it were also rewarding for those who worked around me.（创业精神促使我走上了一条崇高但自私的追求之路我创造了令我有成就感的工作，但是如

57、果这项工作对我周围工作的人没有回报的话，那么对我来说也没有成就感可言了）；从这两句看，作者的快乐是来自于他身边的人得到了回报，最终是得到身边人对工作的满意度。A项“主要取决于他自由的意志和自私的追求”这是作者的创业精神，不是工作的乐趣；C项“工作使他去激励身边的人”，真正的快乐是对身边的人赋予回报，不仅仅是激励，文中也没有提到激励；D项“基于他对自己的商业技能有坚定的信念”也不是作者快乐工作的原因。因此只有B项符合题意。5.【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“在文章的最后，作者是提出了一个什么建议？”。最后一段提到To learn to love your job, its important

58、 to find a job where learning is a requirement to success.（要学会热爱你的工作，那么找到一份只有学习是通往成功必经之路的工作是很重要的），另外作者陈述了做不同的工作应该如何学习的建议。B项“扮演各种各样的角色会成功”不符合题意，作者只是阐述了不同的角色应该如何学习；C项“和客户保持良好的关系”在最后一段没有提到；D项“寻找需要你的技能的其他公司”，最后一段第五行and learn what others in the world are seeking from firms like yours（了解世界上其他人想从你们这样的公司得到什

59、么），没有提到寻找其他公司。因此此题A项正确。7. 单选题Im worried about washing that shirt in case it （ ）.问题1选项A.decreasesB.contractsC.constringesD.shrinks【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A项decrease “减少”，B项contract “收缩”，C项constringe “使收敛”，D项名词shrink “缩水”；句意：我不敢洗那件衬衫，怕它会缩水。因此D选项正确。8. 单选题As noted, among those who were cognitively normal at the

60、 start of the study, （ ） alcohol drinkers appeared to be protected against dementia.问题1选项A.moderateB.minimumC.mediumD.middle【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项moderate “有节制的”，B项minimum “最小的”，C项medium“中间的”，D项middle “中等的”；句意：特别提到的是，在研究最初，认知正常，饮酒适度的人表现出对老年痴呆更好的防御能力。因此A选项正确。9. 单选题How come they have the freedom to disru

61、pt and （ ） the torch relay, whereas Olympic-loving people have not the freedom to welcome the torch?问题1选项A.destructB.destroyC.sabotageD.damage【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A项destruct “毁坏”，B项destroy “消灭”，C项sabotage “蓄意破坏”，D项damage “损害”；句意：难道只有破坏分子干扰破坏火炬传递的自由，就没有热爱奥林匹克运动的人们去欢迎火炬的自由吗？因此C选项正确。10. 单选题President Coolidg

62、es statement, “The business of America is business,” still points to an important truth today that business institutions have more prestige in American society than any other kind of organization, including the government. Why do business institutions possess this great prestige?One reason is that Americans view business as being more firmly based on the ideal of competition than other institutions in society. Since competitio