2022-2023年考博英语-北京大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第34期

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1、2022-2023年考博英语-北京大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题Some might consider it an ugly truth that attractive people are often more successful than those _ blessed with looks.问题1选项A.lessB.moreC.mostD.least【答案】A【解析】考查语法知识。根据题干中morethan结构可知空格处应填写比较级与之对应，因此排除C和D。而attractive与blessed with looks表达同义，无法比较，因此空格处应选择否定意义。句意：有些人可

2、能会认为这是一个丑陋的事实，有吸引力的人往往比那些颜值没那么高的人更成功。因此A选项符合题意。2. 单选题At first, the company refused to purchase the equipment, but this decision was _revised.问题1选项A.subsequentlyB.successivelyC.predominantlyD.preliminarily【答案】A【解析】考查副词辨析。subsequently“随后”；successively“相继地”；predominantly“主要地；显著地”；preliminarily“初步地”。句意：

3、起初，该公司拒绝购买设备，但这一决定被修改了。根据句意选用“后来”更合适，因此A选项符合题意。3. 单选题Students at these schools test far below the state average in reading, and their scores have improved only( ).问题1选项A.marginallyB.marvelouslyC.martiallyD.markedly【答案】A【解析】考查副词辨析。marginally“少量地”；marvelously“不可思议地”；martially“勇敢地”；markedly“显著地”。句意：这些学

4、校的学生在阅读测试中远远低于州平均水平，而且他们的成绩只得到了提高。空格前面有only修饰，因此可知是只提高了一点点。一次你A选项符合题意。4. 单选题Scientists on Tuesday pushed the hands of the infamous “Doomsday Clock” forward one minute from last year, signaling their_pessimism about the efforts of world leaders to handle global threats.问题1选项A.increaseB.increasedC.inc

5、reasedlyD.increasing【答案】D【解析】考查语法知识。空格前是their形容词性物主代词，后是名词pessimism悲观主义，所以空格处应填形容词，可排除A和C。increased“增强的”；increasing“越来越也多的，渐增的”。句意：周二，科学家们把臭名昭著的“世界末日时钟”拨快了一分钟，比去年提前了一分钟，这表明他们对世界领导人应对全球威胁的努力持悲观态度。B选项强调“已经增强的”，综合句意D选项更符合。5. 单选题Most scholars agree that Isaac Newton, while formulating the laws of force

6、and gravity and inventing the calculus in the late 1600s, probably knew all the science there was to know at the time. In the ensuing 350 years an estimated 50 million research papers and innumerable books have been published in the natural sciences and mathematics. The modem high school student pro

7、bably now possesses more scientific knowledge than Newton did, yet science to many people seems to be an impenetrable mountain of facts.One way scientists have tried to cope with this mountain is by becoming more and more specialized. Another strategy for coping with the mountain of information is t

8、o largely ignore it. That shouldnt come as a surprise. Sure, you have to know a lot to be a scientist, but knowing a lot is not what makes a scientist. What makes a scientist is ignorance. This may sound ridiculous, but for scientists the facts are just a starting place. In science, every new discov

9、ery raises 10 new questions.By this calculus, ignorance will always grow faster than knowledge. Scientists and laypeople alike would agree that for all we have come to know, there is far more we dont know. More important, every day there is far more we know we dont know. One crucial outcome of scien

10、tific knowledge is to generate new and better ways of being ignorant: not the kind of ignorance that is associated with a lack of curiosity or education but rather a cultivated, high-quality ignorance. This gets to the essence of what scientists do： they make distinctions between qualities of ignora

11、nce. They do it in grant proposals and over beers at meetings. As James Clerk Maxwell, probably the greatest physicist between Newton and Einstein, said, “Thoroughly conscious ignorance. is a prelude to every real advance in knowledge. This perspective on science that it is about the questions more

12、than the answers should come as something of a relief. It makes science less threatening and far more friendly and, in fact, fun. Science becomes a series of elegant puzzles and puzzles within puzzles and who doesnt like puzzles? Questions are also more accessible and often more interesting than ans

13、wers; answers tend to be the end of the process, whereas questions have you in the thick of things.Lately this side of science has taken a backseat in the public mind to what I call the accumulation view of science that it is a pile of facts way too big for us to ever hope to conquer. But if scienti

14、sts would talk about the questions, and if the media reported not only on new discoveries but the questions they answered and the new puzzles they created, and if educators stopped trafficking in facts that are already available on Wikipedia then we might find a public once again engaged in this gre

15、at adventure that has been going on for the past 15 generations.1.Which of the following would most scholars agree to about Newton and science?2.Which of the following is best supported in this passage?3.Why is it a relief that science is about the questions more than the answers?4.The expression “t

16、ake a backseat”（Line 1，Paragraph 5） probably means ( )5.What is the authors greatest concern in the passage?问题1选项A.Newton was the only person who knew all the science in the 1600s.B.Newtons laws of force and gravity dominated science for 350 years.C.Since Newtons time, science has developed into a m

17、ountain of facts.D.A high school student probably knows more science than Newton did.问题2选项A.A scientist is a master of knowledge.B.Knowledge generates better ignorance.C.Ignorance is a sign of lack of education.D.Good scientists are thoroughly ignorant问题3选项A.Because people like solving puzzles.B.Bec

18、ause questions make science accessible.C.Because there are more questions than answers.D.Because questions point the way to deep answers.问题4选项A.take a back placeB.have a different roleC.be of greater priorityD.become less important问题5选项A.The involvement of the public in science.B.Scientists enjoymen

19、t of ignorance.C.The accumulation of scientific knowledge.D.Newtons standing in the history of science.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:B第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.细节题。题干：关于牛顿和科学，大多数学者同意以下哪一种观点？根据第一段第一句“Most scholars agree that Isaac Newtonprobably knew all the science there was to know at the time”和第三句“The modem high school

20、 student probably now possesses more scientific knowledge than Newton did”,在牛顿的时代他可能知晓那个年代所有的科学知识，但现代高中生拥有的科学知识可能都比他要多。A选项only过于绝对，选项D符合题意。2.细节题。题干：下列哪项最能得从本文中获取依据？根据第二段第四句“Sure, you have to know a lot to be a scientist”，懂得多的人才能当科学家，因此推出A选项“科学家是知识大师”。根据第三段第四句“One crucial outcome of scientific knowle

21、dge is to generate new and better ways of being ignorant”，科学知识的一个重要成果是产生新的、更好的无知方式，B选项的主语应为科学知识。因此选项A符合题意。3.细节推理题。题干：为什么科学关注的是问题而不是答案？由题干中的question、answer可定位到文章第四段最后一句“Questions are also more accessible and often more interesting than answers; answers tend to be the end of the process, whereas quest

22、ions have you in the thick of things”，作者认为，人们更容易了解问题（questions are also more accessible）。因此选项B符合题意。4.词义推测题。题干：”take a backseat”可能是指_。第五段第一句“Lately this side of science has taken a backseat in the public mind to what I call the accumulation view of science that it is a pile of facts way too big for u

23、s to ever hope to conquer”提到，人们越来越不在乎科学的这一面了。因此这里的“take a backseat”指“变得没俺么重要”。因此选项D符合题意。 5.细节推理题。题干：作者在这篇文章中最关心的是什么？全文讲的是科学与大众的关系，文章最后总结道“then we might find a public once again engaged in this great adventure that has been going on for the past 15 generations”，作者关注的是让大众参与到科学中来。因此选项A符合题意。6. 单选题Experi

24、ments suggest that season of birth dramatically affects the speed the body clock ticks.问题1选项A.at whichB.for whichC.on whichD.in which【答案】A【解析】考查语法知识。介词+which引导定语从句时，介词要与先行词搭配。题干中先行词是the speed，只有at可以搭配。句意：实验表明，出生的季节会极大地影响生物钟的运转速度。因此选项A符合题意。7. 单选题There seemed little doubt that the spread of a particul

25、ar cultural trait did follow a specific regular pattern（ ）.问题1选项A.as a society adoptedB.which a society adopted itC.as a society adopted itD.when a society adopted【答案】A【解析】考查语法知识。选项中的as引导的是定语从句，修饰前面的a specific regular pattern，as在从句中充当宾语，因此B和C选项从句中的it是多余的，且句中没有提到任何时间词，排除D。因此A选项符合题意。8. 单选题As a result,

26、 the mission of the school, along wih the culture of the classroom, （ ）.问题1选项A.was slowly to changeB.are slowly changedC.is slowly changingD.have slowly changed【答案】C【解析】考查语法知识。对比选项可知该题考查主谓一致的问题。插入部分的along with后的附加成分不影响谓语的数，因此谓语为单数形式。该句没有时间词表示过去，C 选项符合题意。9. 单选题I dont understand what youre getting so

27、about. Its really not a problem.问题1选项A.worked outB.worked upC.worked overD.worked against【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。work out“算出；解决”；worked up“激动的；生气的”；work over“研究；检查”；work against“违背；对不利”。句意：我不明白你为什么这么激动。这真的不是问题。选项B符合题意。10. 单选题Apple pie is（ ）neither good nor bad; it is the way it is used that determines its v

28、alue.问题1选项A.at itselfB.as itselfC.on itselfD.in itself【答案】D【解析】考查固定用法。四个选项中只有“in itself 本质上”是固定短语，因此D选项符合题意。句意：从本质上来看，苹果派既不好也不坏;它的使用方式决定了它的价值。11. 单选题Retirees looking to stretch their pensions might consider spending their golden years in Ecuador, Panama or Mexico, _cost of living is low and the weat

29、her is warm, according to a new index.问题1选项A.whichB.whenC.whereD.whose【答案】C【解析】考查语法知识。空格前是一个完整的句子，因此逗号后需要一个关系词修饰表示地点的先行词“Educator, Pnama or Mexico”，后面的非限定性定语从句中不缺主要成分，因此关系词在从句中充当状语，只有C选项where符合要求。句意：一项新数据表明，希望延长养老金的退休人员可能会考虑在厄瓜多尔、巴拿马或墨西哥度过他们的黄金岁月，因为那里的生活成本较低，而且天气温暖。12. 单选题（ ） sermons retained their

30、preeminence in religious life during most of the twentieth century, they are gradually losing that central places as churches devote more energy to social activities.问题1选项A.AsB.ForC.WhileD.Although【答案】D【解析】考查逻辑知识。前半句中“sermons retained their preeminence”表示肯定意义，后半句提到“they are gradually losing that cen

31、tral places”，可知语气出现了转折。因此D选项符合题意。13. 单选题When he was in junior high at fourteen, his intelligence was such that he（ ）among undergraduates than among schoolboys.问题1选项A.would fit better inB.would have fitted in betterC.fitted better inD.would have fitted better【答案】B【解析】考查语法知识。根据句意：当他14岁上初中时，他的智力如此之高。后文

32、的比较说明“amongundergraduates”是说话人的主观看法，而不是真实情况，因此句子为虚拟语气。表示与过去事实相反时用“would have”。be fit in 表示“适合”。因此B选项符合题意。14. 单选题 Yet these global trends hide starkly different national and regional stories. Vittorio Colao, the boss of Vodafone, which operates or partially owns networks in 31 countries, argues that

33、the farther south you go, the more people use their phones, even past the equator: where life is less organized, people need a tool, for example to rejig appointments. “Culture influences the lifestyle, and the lifestyle influences the way we communicate,he says. “If you dont leave your phone on in

34、a meeting in Italy, you are likely to miss the next one. ”Other mundane factors also affect how phones are used. For instance, in countries where many people have holiday homes they are more likely to give out a mobile number, which then becomes the default where they can be reached, thus underminin

35、g the use of fixed-line phones. Technologies are always “both constructive and constructed by historical, social, and culture contexts,” writes Mizuko Ito, an anthropologist at the University of California in Irvine, who has co-edited a book on Japans mobile-phone subculture.Indeed, Japan is a good

36、example of how such subcultures come about. In the 1990s Americans and Scandinavians were early adopters of mobile phones. But in the next decade Japan was widely seen as the model for the mobile future, given its early embrace of the mobile Internet. For some time Wired, a magazine for technology l

37、overs, ran a column called “Japanese Schoolgirl Watch”，serving readers with a stream of mobile oddities. The implication was that what Japanese schoolgirls did one day, everyone else would do the next.The countrys mobile boom was arguably encouraged by underlying social conditions. Most teenagers ha

38、d long used pagers to keep in touch. In 1999 NTT, Japans dominant operator, launched i-mode, a platform for mobile-internet services. It allowed cheap e-mails between networks and the Japanese promptly signed up in droves for mobile internet. Ms Ito also points out that Japan is a crowded place with

39、 lots of rules. Harried teenagers, in particular, have few chances for private conversations and talking on the phone in public is frowned upon, if not outlawed. Hence the appeal of mobile data services.The best way to grasp Japans mobile culture is to take a crowded commuter train. There are plenty

40、 of signs advising you not to use your phone. Every few minutes announcements are made to the same effect. If you do take a call, you risk more than disapproving gazes. Passengers may appeal to a guard who will quietly but firmly explain: dame desu? its not allowed. Some studies suggest that talking

41、on a mobile phone on a train is seen as worse than in a theatre. Instead, hushed passengers type away on their handsets or read mobile-phone novels (written Japanese allows more information to be displayed on a small screen than languages that use the Roman alphabet).1.According to the passage, an I

42、talian would leave his phone on in a meeting for which of the following reason?2.Which of the following statements is best supported by the passage?3.The author suggests that Japan leads the world in the mobile-phone culture in that_.4.It can be inferred from the passage that the Japanese teenagers

43、are fond of the mobile data services because_。5.Which of the following is the most appropriate title for the passage, based on its content?问题1选项A.He is afraid of missing a business opportunity.B.His family members may call him in emergency.C.He thinks it is rude to leave a call unanswered.D.He needs

44、 to get posted about the latest change in the work schedule.问题2选项A.How we use our phones reflect where we live.B.Technologies determine the way we communicate.C.Culture influences the development of technologies.D.Social conditions dictate the mobile future.问题3选项A.the Japanese are the earliest mobil

45、e phone usersB.the Japanese are the chattiest mobile phone usersC.the Japanese use mobile Internet early onD.Japan provides the best mobile phone services问题4选项A.they like to play electronic gamesB.they like to talk to their friends on the phoneC.they can read novels on the phoneD.they can communicat

46、e with their friends more conveniently问题5选项A.The Japanese Phone Culture.B.Culture and Technology.C.All Alike, All Different.D.Handy, If You Are Thrifty.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:C第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.细节推理题。题干：根据这篇文章，一个意大利人会在会议上开着手机，原因是什么？由题干定位到文章第一段最后一句 “If you dont leave your phone on in a meeting in Italy, you

47、 are likely to miss the next one”， 说明他这么做是为了不错过商机。因此A选项符合题意。2.细节推理题。题干：下列哪一项陈述最能得到文章的支持？第一段第三句提到文化影响生活方式，生活方式影响我们交流的方式，进而影响到技术发展，可对应C选项。因此C选项符合题意。3.细节推理题。题干：作者认为日本在手机文化方面领先世界是因为_。由题干定位到第三段第三句“But in the next decade Japan was widely seen as the model for the mobile future, given its early embrace of

48、the mobile Internet”，后半句即为答案，与C选项对应，因此C选项符合题意。4.细节推理题。题干：从文章中可以推断，日本青少年喜欢移动数据服务是因为_。由题干定位到第四段，“Harried teenagers, in particular, have few chances for private conversationsif not outlawed. Hence the appeal of mobile data services”，说明他们视为了方便与朋友们联系。因此D选项符合题意。5.主旨题。题干：根据这篇文章的内容，下面哪个标题是最合适的？本文主要通过一些实例讲述了

49、文化和技术的关系。第一段第三句即本文主题句。因此B选项符合题意。15. 单选题Since no one could ( ) his scribbling, the chief editor decided to replace him with another columnist.问题1选项A.encodeB.decipherC.clearD.identify【答案】B【解析】16. 单选题Only when faced with overwhelming evidence of being treated differently than the men who surrounded me（

50、 ），briefly, with the notion that I was different in gender-related ways from my male colleagues.问题1选项A.that I dealtB.I dealtC.then I dealtD.did I deal【答案】D【解析】考查语法知识。only位于句首时，引导的句子为部分倒装结构。only后紧跟的是when引导的时间状语从句，因此使用正常语序，主句则需要倒装。D选项符合题意17. 单选题If you happened to be watching NBC on the first Sunday mo

51、rning in August last summer, you would have seen something curious. There, on the set of Meet the Press, the host, David Gregory, was interviewing a guest who made a forceful case that the U. S. economy had become “very distorted”. In the wake of the recession, this guest explained, high-income indi

52、viduals, large banks, and major corporations had experienced a “ significant recovery ” ； the rest of the economy, by contrast including small businesses and “ a very significant amount of the labor force ” 一 was stuck and still struggling. What we were seeing, he argued, was not a single economy at

53、 all, but rather “ fundamentally two separate types of economy，” increasingly distinct and divergent.This diagnosis, though alarming, was hardly unique: drawing attention to the divide between the wealthy and everyone else has long been standard fare on the left. (The idea of “two Americas” was a ce

54、ntral theme of John Edwardss 2004 and 2008 presidential runs. ) What made the argument striking in this instance was that it was being offered by none other than the former five-term Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan: iconic libertarian, preeminent defender of the free market, and (at least un

55、til recently) the nations foremost devotee of Ayn Rand. When the high priest of capitalism himself is declaring the growth in economic inequality a national crisis, something has gone very, very wrong.This widening gap between the rich and non-rich has been evident for years. In a 2005 report to inv

56、estors, for instance, three analysts at Citigroup advised that “ the World is dividing into two blocs the Plutonomy and the rest”.In a plutonomy there is no such animal as “the U. S. consumer” or “the UK consumer”，or indeed “the Russian consumer”. There are rich consumers, few in number, but disprop

57、ortionate in the gigantic slice of income and consumption they take. There are the rest, the “non-rich”，the multitudinous many, but only accounting for surprisingly small bites of the national pie.Before the recession, it was relatively easy to ignore this concentration of wealth among an elite few.

58、 The wondrous inventions of the modem economy Google, Amazon, the iPhone broadly improved the lives of middle-class consumers, even as they made a tiny subset of entrepreneurs hugely wealthy. And the less-wondrous inventions particularly the explosion of subprime credit helped mask the rise of incom

59、e inequality for many of those whose earnings were stagnant.But the financial crisis and its long, dismal aftermath have changed all that. A multi-billion-dollar bailout and Wall Streets swift, subsequent reinstatement of gargantuan bonuses have inspired a narrative of parasitic bankers and other el

60、ites rigging the game for their own benefit. And this, in turn, has led to wider and not unreasonable fears that we are living in not merely a plutonomy, but a plutocracy, in which the rich display outsize political influence, narrowly self-interested motives, and a casual indifference to anyone out

61、side their own rarefied economic bubble.1.According to the passage, the U. S. economy （ ）2.Which of the following statements about todays super-elite would the passage support?3.What can be said of modern technological innovations?4.The author seems to suggest that the financial crisis and its after

62、math（ ）5.The primary purpose of the passage is to（ ）问题1选项A.fares quite wellB.has completely recovered from the economic recessionC.has its own problemsD.is lagging behind other industrial economies问题2选项A.Todays plutocrats are the hereditary elite.B.Todays super-rich are increasingly a nation unto themselves.