2022-2023年考博英语-昆明理工大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第32期

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1、2022-2023年考博英语-昆明理工大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题Tom（ ）better than to ask Dick for help.问题1选项A.shall knowB.has knownC.shouldnt knowD.should have known【答案】D【解析】考查固定结构。should have done表示“本该做某事而实际未做”，know better than to do sth.表示“明白事理而不至于”。句意：Tom本应知道不该请Dick帮忙。2. 单选题The law exists in every civilized society so th

2、at Governments, the rich and the powerful can not（ ）their position.问题1选项A.abuseB.eradicateC.legalizeD.threaten【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项abuse“滥用，妄用（权力、所知所闻）”；B选项eradicate“根除，消灭”；C选项legalize“使合法化，使得到法律认可”；D选项threaten“威胁，恐吓”。空格处为谓语动词，其宾语为their position，因此A选项符合逻辑搭配。句意：法律存在于每一个文明社会，因此政府、富人和权贵不能滥用其职权。3. 单选题They

3、 are considering（ ）the house before the prices go down.问题1选项A.sellingB.of sellingC.to sellD.over selling【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。动词consider后可接名词或动名词，后接动词不定式时通常要带how、where、who之类的疑问词，因此选A。句意：他们正考虑在价格下降之前卖掉房子。4. 单选题Just as you do not wish others to（ ）their desires upon you, you must leave it to them to be free

4、to follow their own direction in life.问题1选项A.inflictB.disputeC.ridiculeD.antedate【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项inflict“把强加给，使承受，遭受”；B选项dispute“辩论，争论”；C选项ridicule“嘲笑，奚落”；D选项antedate“预期，预料，居先”。由后面的“you must leave it to them to be free to follow their own direction in life（你必须让他们自由地遵循他们自己的生活方向）”可知A选项与其意思对应。句意：就像你

5、不希望别人把意愿强加在你身上，你必须让他们自由地遵循他们自己的生活方向。5. 单选题As the great low ebb of high tech sweeps through the world of online commerce, two kinds of sites are weathering the storm. The first group is often referred to as “clicks and mortar”online extensions of stores like Walmart or Sears. They take an existing, t

6、raditional business and extend it into the online arena. The second group provides a unique service made possible by the Internets special characteristics. Job sites and online auctioneer e-Bay are both good examples of the new breed of business that the Internet continues to foster.C is one of the

7、latter group. Its a website that provides users with online stores where they can sell shirts, mugs, and mousepads customized with their own logos and/or slogans. By itself, this is a fairly useful service, and an example of how the Internet has changed the art of marketing and customer service.C, h

8、owever, is rather remarkable for another reason. Customers dont need to print large lots of items. They dont need to worry about shipping the goods to their customers. And they dont need to talk to another human being to get their store “built” in the first place. The site lets you upload an image a

9、nd choose what sort of item youd like it to appear on. You can then choose how much to mark the item upthe difference between the items base cost and your mark-up price is your profit.Base prices are high, but understandable when you consider what does for the initial investment. An 11-ounce mug sta

10、rts at $10.99. For that, prints the mug on a piece-by-piece basis, provides the ordering software, handles the money, packs it, and ships it for you. The mugs purchaser pays shipping and handling costs; the store owners effort is limited to uploading the original image for the mug, setting the cost,

11、 and writing a brief description of the item.It seems to be catching on. “More and more companies come to us, who want to do some kind of merchandising, who want to offer a range of products to their users, but dont want the hassles（麻烦事）associated with it,” says Maheesh Jain, cafepress.corns co-foun

12、der and vice-president. “Thats where we come inwere one of the few companies that offer this kind of full-service solution.”But the most exciting aspect of is not its ability to help major corporations outsource（外包）and customize their merchandising efforts. Whats remarkable about the system is how s

13、imple it is to open a store. An average individual with an idea that could sell 50 T-shirts or mugs cant justify a traditional merchandising effort, but with , users can easily bring ideas to fruition（完成）with very little time and no financial risk. Moreover, the quality of the merchandise is good; I

14、ve ordered a mug and a shirt from , and both were shipped relatively promptly, and arrived exactly as promised. C is an idea thats easy to get excited about. Its a smallbut tangible example of how the Internet can change the way we live.1.The expression “weathering the storm” in the first sentence m

15、eans（ ）.2.The first kind of site differs from the second kind of site in that（ ）.3.Which of the following about C is NOT true?4.What kind of customers need C most according to its vice-president?5.What is the most outstanding about C according to the author?问题1选项A.surviving a crisisB.coming into bei

16、ngC.struggling in the stormD.being dominated by a stormy high tech wave问题2选项A.the first kind sells commodities while the second offers serviceB.the first kind extends items sold beyond the traditional categoriesC.the second kind is rising while the first kind is declining in the world of online comm

17、erceD.the second kind offers untraditional jobs to people experienced ill auctioning问题3选项A.Its customers are those who want to sell things rather than buy things.B.It, along with similar sites, has changed the traditional way of marketing.C.It keeps its profit to a minimum in order to attract online

18、 customers.D.Its users dont have to transact the items to be sold face-to-face with their customers.问题4选项A.Those who sell a great variety of items.B.Those who sell unconventional commodities.C.Those who want to avoid the trouble of negotiating with clients.D.Those who have problem keeping their comm

19、odities moving.问题5选项A.The help it offers major companies in marketing their commodities.B.The conveniences it gives to companies in selling their commodities.C.The high quality of the merchandise it offers to customers.D.The speed and security it offers users to put their ideas into practice.【答案】第1题

20、:A第2题:A第3题:C第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.词义题。“weather the storm”中的the storm是指前面的“the great low ebb of high tech（高科技的低谷）”，由文章第一段中的最后一句Job sites and online auctioneer e-Bay are both good examples of the new breed of business that the Internet continues to foster.（Job sites和online auctioneer e-Bay都是互联网继续培育的商务新品种的好例

21、子）可推测“two kinds of sites（两类网站）”经受住了这次高科技的低谷，并生存了下来，因此A选项“危机中生存”符合题意。2.细节事实题。根据题干的关键词the firs kind of site和the send kind of site定位到文章第一段中，由第一段第二三四句The first group is often referred to as “clicks and mortar” online extensions of stores like Walmart or Sears. They take an existing, traditional business

22、 and extend it into the online arena. The second group provides a unique service made possible by the Internets special characteristics.（第一种通常被称为“实体与虚拟结合的商店”Walmart 或Sears等商店的在线扩展。他们将现有的传统业务扩展到在线领域。第二种提供了一种独特的服务，这是由于互联网的特殊性而得以实现的） 可知第一种卖产品，而第二种卖服务，因此A选项“第一种是销售商品，第二种是提供服务”符合题意。3.细节事实题。由文章第四段第一句Base p

23、rices are high, but understandable when you consider what does for the initial investment.（基础价格很高这是可以理解的，考虑到CafeP为初始投资所做的工作）可知C选项“为了吸引在线客户，它将利润降到最低”表示不正确。4.细节事实题。根据题干关键词vice-president定位到文章倒数第二段中，由More and more companies come to us, who want to do some kind of merchandising, who want to offer a range

24、 of products to their users, but dont want the hassles associated with it（越来越多的公司来找我们，他们想做某种商品销售，他们想向他们的用户提供一系列的产品，但他们不想做与之相关的麻烦事）可知C选项“那些想避免与客户谈判的麻烦的人”符合题意。5.细节事实题。根据题干关键词the most outstanding about C定位到文章最后一段中，由Whats remarkable about the system is how simple it is to open a store（这个系统值得注意的是，开一家商店是多

25、么简单）和but with , users can easily bring ideas to fruition with very little time and no financial risk（但是，使用，用户可以轻松地将想法在短时间内实现，而且没有财务风险）可知D选项“它为用户提供了快速将他们的想法付诸实践的安全性”符合题意。6. 翻译题Read the following paragraph carefully and then translate it into Chinese.Physics, as well as pure mathematics, has supplied

26、material for the philosophy of logical analysis. This has occurred especially through the theory of relativity and quantum mechanics（量子力学）.What is important to the philosopher in the theory of relativity is the substitution of space-time for space and time. Common sense thinks of the physical world

27、as composed of “things” which persist through a certain period of time and move in space. Philosophy and physics developed the notion of “thing” into that of “material substance,” and thought of material substance as consisting of particles, each very small, and each persisting throughout all time.

28、Einstein substituted events（事素）for particles; each event had to each other a relation called “interval,” which could be analyzed in various ways into a time element and a space-element. The choice between these various ways was arbitrary（任意的）, and no one of them was theoretically preferable to any o

29、ther.【答案】物理学和纯数学为逻辑分析哲学提供了材料。这一点尤其是通过相对论和量子力学体现出来。在相对论中，对哲学家来说，重要的是用时空代替时间和空间。常识认为物质世界是由“东西”组成的，这些“东西”在一定时间内持续存在，并在空间中运动。哲学和物理学把“东西”的概念发展成“物质实体”的概念，并把物质实体看作是由粒子组成的，每个粒子都很小，而且每个粒子始终存在。爱因斯坦用事素代替粒子；每个事素与其他事素之间都有一种叫作“间隔”的关系，可以用不同的方式把这种关系分析成一个时间元素和一个空间元素。在这些不同的方法之间的选择是任意的，理论上没有哪一种方法比任何其他方法更可取。7. 单选题Remem

30、ber to ask for a （ ）of quality for these goods; otherwise they will not offer any maintenance.问题1选项A.warrantyB.promiseC.certificateD.receipt【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项warranty“（商品）保用单”；B选项promise“诺言，许诺”；C选项certificate“证明书”；D选项receipt“收据，收条”。根据maintenance（维修）可知A选项符合逻辑。句意：记得为这些商品要一份质量保修单，否则他们不会提供任何维修服务。8. 翻译题

31、Translate the following two paragraphs into Chinese,How many men would have considered the possibility of an apple falling up into the tree? Newton did because he was not trying to predict anything. He was just wondering. His mind was ready for the unpredictable. Unpredictability is part of the esse

32、ntial nature of research. If you dont have unpredictable things, you dont have research. Scientists tend to forget this when writing their cut and dried reports for the technical journals, but history is filled with examples of it.Its a rough world out there. Step outside and you could break a leg s

33、lipping on your doormat. Light up the stove and you could burn down the house. Luckily, if the doormat or stove failed to warn of coining disaster, a successful lawsuit might compensate you for your troubles. Or so the thinking has gone since the early 1980s, when juries began holding more companies

34、 liable for their customers misfortunes.【答案】 有多少人会考虑苹果掉到树上的可能性？牛顿这样考虑过，是因为他没有试图预测任何事情。他只是好奇。他的思想已准备好应付不可预测的事。不可预测性是研究本质的一部分。如果没有不可预测的事物，就没有研究。科学家们在为专业的期刊撰写枯燥的报告时更倾向于不去研究那些自己难以捉摸的事，但历史上充满了这样的例子。外面是一个危险的世界。如果你走到外面去，可能会滑倒在门垫上，摔伤一条腿。如果你点燃炉子，可能会把房子烧掉。幸运的是，如果门垫或炉子没有发出制造灾难的警告，一次成功的诉讼可能会补偿你所受的损失。从20世纪80年代初，

35、人们的想法就是这样的了，那时候陪审团认为商家对消费者的不幸应该负担更多的责任。9. 单选题We have done all we could and now our cherished project is（ ）our new CEO.问题1选项A.on the agenda ofB.in the power ofC.under the guidance ofD.with the guidance of【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项on the agenda of“列入会议议程的”；B选项in the power of“受支配，在的控制下”；C选项under the guidance

36、of“在的指导下”；D选项with the guidance of“在的指导下”，作伴随状语表原因。由project（项目）与CEO（执行总裁）之间的关系可知项目应处于CEO的控制下较符合逻辑搭配。句意：我们已经竭尽所能，现在我们珍视的项目掌握在新任CEO的手中。10. 单选题People who like to wear red clothes are more likely to be talkative and（ ）.问题1选项A.vivaciousB.perilousC.introvertedD.lucrative【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项vivacious“可爱的，活泼

37、的”；B选项perilous“冒险的，危险的”；C选项introverted“内向的，不喜欢交往的”；D选项lucrative“获利多的，赚钱的”。由and可知空格处与talkative（健谈的）表示的意思相同，因此选A。句意：喜欢穿红衣服的人更有可能健谈、活泼。11. 单选题There used to be a threat here years ago, （ ）?问题1选项A.didnt itB.usednt itC.didnt there use toD.didnt there【答案】D【解析】考查反义疑问句。There be句型的反义疑问句必须用there进行反问，若be动词前没有其它

38、情态动词或助动词修饰，则反义疑问句用be动词的适当形式，如be动词前有其它情态动词或助动词修饰，则反义疑问句用该情态动词或助动词的适当形式。本题的反义疑问句部分为：usednt there或didnt there，因此选D。句意：几年前这里曾经有过威胁，不是吗？12. 单选题The new technological revolution in American newspapers has brought increased（ ）, a wide range of publications and an expansion of newspaper jobs.问题1选项A.manipulat

39、ionB.reproductionC.circulationD.penetration【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项manipulation“操作，处理”；B选项reproduction“繁殖，生殖”；C选项circulation“ （报纸、杂志的）发行量，销售量，流通，传播”；D选项penetration“穿透，渗透”。根据newspapers（报纸）可知C选项符合语境。句意：美国报纸的新技术革命带来了更多的发行量、广泛的出版物和扩大了报纸的就业机会。13. 单选题The wealth of a country should be（ ）the health and happiness

40、 of its people measured as well as the material goods it can produce.问题1选项A.in line withB.in terms ofC.in regard withD.by means of【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项in line with“跟一致，符合”；B选项in terms of“根据”；C选项in regard of“关于，至于”；D选项by means of“用，依靠”。根据measured（判断）可知B选项符合语境。句意：衡量一个国家的财富要根据它的人民的健康和幸福，以及它可以提供的物质产品。14.

41、单选题When Privacy International, a human rights watchdog group, started searching for the favorites for its annual award for “most invasive company,” three nominees were judged as potentially eligible for a trophy featuring a lace-up shoe crushing a head. FollowUs, a new mobile phone tracking company

42、in Britain, didnt get the boot, but it was singled out as a runner-up because it is in the vanguard of emerging companies that permit a curious boss to track wandering workers in the field by standard cell phones and computers.The fear, says Simon Davies, of Privacy International, is that telephone

43、tracking could pose a major privacy issue for the future as technology advances. The number of mobile employees who work outside the office is rising steadily and is expected to reach almost 100 million in Europe by 2007. So its no surprise that privacy advocates and some unions are wary that the ne

44、w tools could be used as the digital equivalent of roaming sweat shops, with employees under constant watch. In the 18 months since FollowUs was created, the company has sold its services to more than 20,000 users, mostly managers of small businesses who are looking for inexpensive alternatives to t

45、he Global Positional System, according to Kevin Brown, the companys operations director.But Brown said: “It is not all about keeping an eye on people. There are benefits. We know of one case where a logistics company implemented the solution after one of their drivers died in his lorry after having

46、a heart attack while parked asleep. It took them two days to find and recover the guy.” FollowUs is already laying groundwork to expand to Germany, the Netherlands and Italy, where Brown said local regulations were more receptive than in France, which interprets European Union privacy rules more str

47、ictly. Brown said that employees must consent to be tracked after receiving a telephone text message. Davies, of Privacy International, takes a dim view of such consent. “Its a bit like the offer you cant refuse,” he said. “Its a godfather situation, where, in order to gain employment, you have to a

48、ccept unfavorable conditions.” He advises companies to use the techniques with caution and candor. “The rule of thumb，” he said, “is to make people want to use it, give them a reason for it and respect them.”1.Which of the following is NOT true of FollowUs?2.Compared with Global Positioning System,

49、FollowUs Services（ ）.3.The example of a driver who died in his lorry emphasizes the（ ）of FollowUsservices.4.Davies believes that the requirement for employee consent（ ）.5.The main idea of the passage may be summarized as（ ）.问题1选项A.It is one of the first companies that provide tracking services.B.It

50、has caused considerable concern from human rights groups.C.It is chosen as the “most invasive company” by Privacy International.D.It has developed a new technology to track workers by mobile phone.问题2选项A.cause more privacy problemB.cost employers less moneyC.boast greater accuracyD.take less people

51、to operate问题3选项A.inconvenienceB.problemC.effectivenessD.necessity问题4选项A.may protect privacy to a limited extentB.cannot be effectively implemented in realityC.should be used with cautionD.is not compatible with company rules问题5选项A.FollowUs A New Service with ProblemsB.FollowUs Rapid Spread in Europe

52、C.FollowUs Latest Fashion in TechD.FollowUs Cross and Benefits【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:C第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的FollowUs, a new mobile phone tracking company in Britain, didnt get the boot, but it was singled out as a runner-up（FollowUs是英国一家新成立的移动电话追踪公司，虽然没有获得这一殊荣，但它被选为亚军）可知FollowUs并没有获得冠军，因此C选项“它被国际

53、隐私组织选为最具侵略性的公司”表示不正确。2.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的the company has sold its services to more than 20,000 users, mostly managers of small businesses who are looking for inexpensive alternatives to the Global Positional System（该公司已经将其服务卖给了20000多个用户，其中大多数是小企业的经理，他们正在寻找全球定位系统的廉价替代品）可知B选项“雇主花费更少的钱”符合题意。3.推理判断题。由文章最后一段

54、中的There are benefits. We know of one case where a logistics company implemented the solution after one of their drivers died in his lorry after having a heart attack while parked asleep. It took them two days to find and recover the guy.（这是有好处的。我们知道有一个案例，一家物流公司的一名司机在停车睡觉时心脏病发作，死在卡车上后实施了这个解决方案。他们花了两天

55、时间才找到那个人）可知举例为了说明FollowUs具有好的作用，因此C选项“有效性”符合题意4.推理判断题。由文章最后一段中的Davies, of Privacy International, takes a dim view of such consent.（国际隐私组织的Davies对这种同意持悲观态度）可知B选项“不能在现实中有效实施”符合题意。5.主旨大意题。文章第一段介绍了Follow Us公司的性质；第二三段介绍了国际隐私组织的Davies对Follow Us公司追踪系统影响人的隐私的担忧，以及Follow Us公司运营总监 Brown对自己公司产品带来的好处的介绍。因此D选项“F

56、ollowUs 使人恼怒但能带来好处”符合题意。15. 单选题I second Mr. Smiths motion that we（ ）a special board to examine the problem.问题1选项A.set upB.have to set upC.are to set upD.may set up【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气。在英语中，表示“命令、建议、愿望、要求”等的词（不管是动词、名词、形容词）之后的从句用should+动词原词，而且should可以省略。句中的motion表示“提议”，其后是由that引导的同位语从句，因此选A。句意：我赞成史密斯先生的提议，

57、即我们成立一个专门委员会来审查这个问题。16. 单选题The（ ）of electronic computers has opened up new ways of data analysis for the scientists.问题1选项A.advertB.adverseC.adventD.advise【答案】C【解析】考查形近词辨析。A选项advert作名词表示“广告，宣传”，作不及物动词表示“引起注意，提到”；B选项adverse“不利的，有害的”是形容词；C选项advent“（重要事件、人物、发明等的）出现，到来”是名词；D选项advise“劝告，忠告，建议”是动词。由“the+名词

58、+of”及句意可知选C。句意：电子计算机的出现为科学家们开辟了新的数据分析方法。17. 单选题To （ ）important dates in history, countries create special holidays.问题1选项A.commendB.memorizeC.propagateD.commemorate【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项commend“表扬，推荐”；B选项memorize“记忆，记住”；C选项propagate“传播，繁殖”；D选项commemorate“纪念，庆祝”。根据important dates（重要日期）可知D选项最符合逻辑。句意：为了纪念历

59、史上的重要日期，国家会设立特别假日。18. 单选题Some women（ ）a good salary in a job instead of staying home, but they decided not to work for the sake of the family.问题1选项A.must makeB.would makeC.should have madeD.could have made【答案】D【解析】考查情态动词。must do表示对现在的肯定的推测；would do表对将来的推测；should have done表示过去本应该做某事却未做，表达一种责备或内疚的语气；c

60、ould have done表示过去本能够做某事却未做，表示对过去事情的假设。此句是对过去情况的一种推测，因此选D。句意：有些女性本可以在工作中挣到高薪，而不是呆在家里，但她们决定为了家庭而不去工作。19. 单选题Generous public funding of basic science would（ ）considerable benefits for the countrys health, wealth and security.问题1选项A.result fromB.settle downC.lie inD.lead to【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项result fro

61、m“产生于， 由引起”；B选项settle down“定居”；C选项lie in“在于，位于”；D选项lead to“导致，把带到”。根据句子之间的逻辑关系可知选D，表示慷慨的公共资助会给国家带来好处。句意：对基础科学慷慨的公共资助将为国家的健康、财富和安全带来可观的好处。20. 单选题Chinas（ ）cultural heritage should be better protected through increased efforts to preserve endangered art.问题1选项A.indivisibleB.intelligibleC.intangibleD.inalienable【答案】C【解析】考查形近词辨析。A选项indivisible“分不开的，不可分割的”；B选项intelligible“易懂的，容易理解的”；C选项intangible“难以形容（或理解）的，无形的（指没有实体存在的资本性资产）”；D选项inalienable“不可剥夺（或分割）的”。由cultural heritage（文化遗产）及语境可知选C。句意：中国的非物质文化遗产应该通过加大努力保护濒危艺术而得到更好的保护。