2022-2023年考博英语-南京大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第43期

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1、2022-2023年考博英语-南京大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题As the worlds largest grain exporter, the United States has （ ） power over the world food distribution system.问题1选项A.assortedB.unrivaledC.compoundedD.intrigued【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。Assorted “各种各样的”；unrivaled “至高无上的,无敌的”；compounded “复合的,”intrigued “好奇的，被迷住的”。句意：美国作为世界上

2、最大的粮食出口国，对世界粮食分配系统有着最高的权利。选项B符合题意。2. 单选题I bought an alarm clock with a(n) （ ） dial which can be seen clearly in the dark.问题1选项A.supersonicB.luminousC.audibleD.amplified【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。supersonic “超音速的，超声波的”；luminous “发光的，明亮的”；audible “听得见的”；amplified “放大的，扩充的”。句意：我买了一个带发光钟面的闹钟，在黑夜里也可以看得很清楚。选项B符合题

3、意。3. 单选题A series of attempts（ ）made, he came to realize that he had underestimated the enormity of the task.问题1选项A.wereB.to beC.had beenD.having been【答案】D【解析】语法知识题。独立主格结构的用法，A和C选项均为谓语动词，可以排除，一系列的尝试在意识到问题之前就做过了，应该用完成时态。句意：一系列的尝试之后，他意识到他低估了这个任务的繁重性。选项D符合题意。4. 单选题Ill go to the airport tomorrow morning

4、to （ ） a good friend who leaves for Australia.问题1选项A.see offB.send offC.turn offD.say departure【答案】A【解析】词组辨析。see off“送别，送行”；send off“发送，派遣”；turn off“关掉，拐弯”；say departure“说离开”。句意：明天早上我将去机场，跟我即将去往澳大利亚的朋友送别。选项A符合题意。5. 单选题The （ ） feature in Teds character was pride; he couldnt ever think of depending on

5、 anyone but himself.问题1选项A.controllingB.prevailingC.predominantD.primary【答案】C【解析】形容词词义辨析。controlling“控制的”；prevailing“流行的，占优势的”；predominant“主要的，显著的”；primary“基本的，主要的”。句意：泰德最主要的性格是骄傲，除了自己，他从没想要依靠其他人。选项C符合题意。6. 单选题Parents with only one child tend to have higher academic（ ）for their child.问题1选项A.ambition

6、sB.intentionsC.propositionsD.aspirations【答案】A【解析】名词词义辨析。ambition “野心”；intention “目的”；proposition “提议”；aspiration “抱负”。句意：只有一个孩子的父母对他们孩子的学业有更高的期望。选项A符合题意。7. 单选题It is estimated that a scientific principle has a life expectancy of approximately a decade before it drastically revised or replaced by newe

7、r information.问题1选项A.estimatedB.a life expectancyC.decadeD.it drastically【答案】D【解析】根据题中it is estimated可知，D项应该也为被动语态it is drastically revised，构成并列结构，句意：据估计，在一项科学原则被新的信息彻底地修改和更新之前，预期的寿命大概是十年。选项D符合题意。8. 单选题（ ）fire tests gold, so does adversity tests courage.问题1选项A.LikeB.AlikeC.AsD.Comparing【答案】C【解析】考查连词

8、。Like “像”，可作介词；alike “相同的，相似的”，可作形容词；as “像”，可作介词；comparing “比较”，可作动词。此处“fire tests gold” 为一个完整的句子，所以要用连词，句意：就好像真金不怕火炼一样，意志不畏艰难。选项C符合题意。9. 单选题Please do not be（ ）by his offensive remarks since he is merely trying to attract attention.问题1选项A.distractedB.disregardedC.irritatedD.intervened【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义

9、辨析。distract “使心烦意乱”；disregard “忽视，不尊重”；irritate “刺激，激怒”；intervene “干涉，调停”。句意：请不要被他无礼的评论所激怒，因为他只是想引起注意。选项C符合题意。10. 单选题If securities of a foreign corporation are sold in the US, the corporation is （ ） to the US law.问题1选项A.dedicatedB.subjectC.projectedD.loyal【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。dedicated “专注于”;subject服从的；

10、projected “突出的”;loyal “忠诚的”。句意：外国公司的证券在美国出售的前提就是必需服从美国的法律。选项B符合题意。11. 单选题The famous inventor was awarded an（ ）_ doctorate by the university.问题1选项A.honoraryB.honorableC.honoredD.honorific【答案】A【解析】形近异义词辨析。honorary“荣誉的”；honorable“可敬的”；honored“受尊敬的”；honorific“表示敬意的”。句意：这位著名的发明家被这个大学授予了荣誉的博士学位。选项A符合题意。12

11、. 单选题His（ ）directions confused us； we did not know which of the two roads to take.问题1选项A.ambiguousB.complicatedC.arbitraryD.intricate【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。ambiguous “模糊不清的”；complicated “复杂的”；arbitrary “任意的，武断的，专制的” ；intricate “复杂的，错综的”。他模糊不清的指导使我们困惑，我们不知道该走哪条路。选项A符合题意。13. 单选题Practically speaking, the a

12、rtistic maturing of the cinema was the single-handed achievement of David W Griffith. Before Griffith, photography in dramatic films consisted of little more than placing the actors before a stationary camera and showing them in full length as they would have appeared on stage. From the beginning of

13、 his career as a director, however, Griffith, because of his love of Victorian painting, employed composition. He conceived of the camera image as having a foreground and a rear ground, as well as the middle distance preferred by most directors. By 1910 he was using close-ups to reveal significant d

14、etails of the scene or of the acting and extreme long shots to achieve a sense of spectacle and distance. His appreciation of the cameras possibilities produced novel dramatic effects. By splitting an event into fragments and recording each from the most suitable camera position, he could significan

15、tly vary the emphasis from camera shot to camera shot.Griffith also achieved dramatic effects by means of creative editing. By putting images together and varying the speed and rhythm of their presentation, he could control the dramatic intensity of the events as the story progressed. Despite the re

16、luctance of his producers, who feared that the public would not be able to follow a plot that was made up of such juxtaposed images, Griffith persisted, and experimented as well with other elements of cinematic syntax that have become standard ever since. These included the flashback, permitting bro

17、ad psychological and emotional exploration as well as narrative that was not chronological, and the crosscut between two parallel actions to heighten suspense and excitement. In thus exploiting fully the possibilities of editing, Griffith transposed devices of the victorian novel to film and gave fi

18、lm mastery o time as well as space.Besides developing the cinemas language, Griffith immensely broadened its range and treatment of subjects. His early output was remarkably eclectic: it included not only the standard comedies, melodramas, westerns, and thrillers, but also such novelties as adaptati

19、ons from Browning and Tennyson, and treatments of social issues. As his successes mounted, his ambitions grew, and with them the whole of American cinema. When he remade Enoch Ardenin 1911, he insisted that a subject of such importance could not be treated in the then conventional length of one reel

20、. Griffiths introduction o the American-made multireel picture began an immense revolution. Two years later, Judith of Bethulia, an elaborate historicophilosophical spectacle, reached the unprecedented length of four reels, or one hours running time. From our contemporary viewpoint, the pretensions

21、of this film may seem a trifle ludicrous, but at the time it provoked endless debate and discussion and gave a new intellectual respectability to the cinema.1.The primary purpose of the passage is to（ ）2.It can be inferred from the passage that before 1910 the normal running time of a film was（ ）.3.

22、It can be inferred from the passage that Griffith would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements?问题1选项A.discuss the importance of Griffith to the development of the cinemaB.describe the impact on cinema of the flashback and other editing innovationsC.deplore the state of Americ

23、an cinema before the advent of GriffithD.document Griffiths impact on the choice of subject matter in American films问题2选项A.15 minutes or lessB.between 15 and 30 minutesC.between 30 and 45minutesD.between 45 minutes and 1 hour问题3选项A.The good director will attempt to explore new ideas as quickly as po

24、ssible.B.The camera must be considered an integral and active element in the creation of a film.C.The cinema should emphasize serious and sober examinations of fundamental human problems.D.The proper composition of scenes in a film is more important than the details of their editing.问题4选项A.sympathet

25、icB.amusedC.hostileD.condescending【答案】第1题:A第2题:A第3题:B第4题:D【解析】1.主旨题。文章主要讲述了格里菲斯电影事业的成就，以及对电影行业做出的贡献，带来了一系列重大的影响。选项A符合题意。2.推断题。根据文章最后一段，“When he remade Enoch Ardenin 1911，he insisted that a subject of such importance could not be treated in the then conventional length of one reel”，1910年前，只需要一个卷盘的长度，

26、根据后文可知。两年后，电影可以放四个卷盘的长度，为一个小时，所以一个卷盘大概是15分钟。选项A符合题意。3.推断题。根据文章第一段，格里菲斯对电影镜头进行了改变，改固定的镜头拍摄为特写镜头和全景镜头，可以获得更好的戏剧效果，所以照相机在电影拍摄过程中是一个整体的有效的因素。选项B符合题意。4.主旨题，推测作者的意图和态度。根据文章第一段，在格里菲斯之前，戏剧电影的拍摄都是对着固定的摄像头的，演员全身出境，随后格里菲斯进行了改革创造，作者对其表示赞赏。所以，作者认为格里菲斯前的电影拍得不好，表现出一种居高临下的态度。选项D符合题意。14. 翻译题中国是世界文明的发源地之一，有五千年的文明史。在中

27、国古代思想史上，涌现出了许许多多杰出的思想家，为中华民族乃至整个人类留下了丰富的思想遗产。这些思想成果独树一帜，在漫长的历史中又不断地被阐释、被发展，很多思想对于今天的中国乃至世界而言，仍然历久弥新，极具生命力。比如，儒家学派创始人孔子“仁”的理念、“和”的思想，不仅在当代中国，在其他亚洲国家也一直备受推崇。【答案】China is one of the birthplaces of the world civilization which has a 5,000-year history. There are many outstanding ideologists in Chinese a

28、ncient thought history that left a rich ideological heritage for our China and even the whole mankind. The ideological achievements were very unique and constantly explained and developed in the long history. Today, some of these thoughts are still lively and full of vitality for todays China and th

29、e whole world. For example, the ideal of “benevolence” and the “harmony” thought of Confucius who is the originator of Confucian school have been praised highly by China and other Asian countries at present.15. 单选题Fossils of plant that have been extinct for fifty million years have been found in lar

30、ge deposits of amber near the Baltic Sea.问题1选项A.plantB.been extinctC.fifty million yearD.near【答案】A【解析】根据题中的“have been” 可知，plant应该用复数，句意：已经灭绝了五千万年的化石植物在靠近波罗的海的大型湖泊沉积物中发现了。选项A符合题意。16. 单选题The word hospice is hundreds of years old. It comes to us from the time called the Middle Ages in Europe. Religious

31、 groups then provided hospice as a place where travelers could stay. Sometimes the groups also offered a place for the sick and the dying. Today the word hospice means more than a place. It means a way of caring for the dying. In the modem sense of the word, it means that, if possible, dying people

32、can receive care at home during their last days； and the health-care workers do not try to lengthen the lives of the dying with modem medical equipment. Instead, care-givers make every effort to control or stop the patients pain. It also means that patients get help for their emotional needs in addi

33、tion to their physical needs.A British woman Cicely Saunders was the first major activist for hospice care in modem times. Cicely Saunders worked as a nurse in a hospital right after World War II, where she met a man who was dying of cancer. Together they found ideas about the best possible treatmen

34、t for people who would never get well again. They talked about treatments that would permit patients to discuss their feelings and to take part in activities meaningful to them. They planned a system that would allow dying people to be surrounded by the people and things they loved most. The dying m

35、an gave Cicely Saunders enough money to study to become a doctor. By 1967 Dr. Saunders had organized and opened St. Christophers Hospice in London.In 1974, after the Americas first hospice started in New Haven, others followed suit in cities throughout the country. Organizers had a difficult job. Th

36、ey had to teach the public about the idea of hospice. They had to get money from companies, religious groups and citizens. And they had to negotiate with local governments to use public money to care for the dying. Thanks to their unyielding determination and painstaking efforts, hospice has grown i

37、n America. Dr. Jo Magno, the President of the National Hospice Organization, said that working with the dying occasionally made her sad. Yet she remembers the words of Dr. Cicely Saunders一“We cannot add days to life, but we can add life to days. ”1.What is the original meaning the word “hospice”？2.I

38、n the modern sense of the word, hospice includes all of the following EXCEPT3.What did Cicely and the man talk about?4.How did Cicely Saunders complete her study?5.Which is a correct statement about the early American hospice?问题1选项A.It was a place where the homeless old people were taken care of.B.I

39、t was a place where religious people lived.C.It was a place offered by churches for the travelers.D.It was a place where doctors treated patients.问题2选项A.a priest is invited to pray for the dying.B.a dying patient is taken care of at his home.C.efforts are made to reduce the pain of the dying people.

40、D.the psychological needs of the dying are considered and cared for.问题3选项A.How to advise the hospital to treat the dying patients.B.How to make arrangement for the patients who had no hope of recovery.C.The meaningful activities for all patients to take part in.D.The kind of people that are allowed

41、to visit the patients.问题4选项A.By working part-time.B.Be obtaining a fellowship.C.With the help of a mans money.D.Through her management of St. Christophers Hospice.问题5选项A.It was an immediate success as a result of the effort by Dr. Cicely.B.It was probably not easy to persuade companies to provide fi

42、nancial support.C.Many people readily accepted the new idea.D.Local governments forbade what they did.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.词义理解题。根据文章第一段，“provided hospice as a place where travelers could stay”，hospice 是提供给旅客们休息的一个地方，选项C符合题意。2.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，病人会在垂死之前在家里受到照顾、减轻痛苦以及被给予心理和生理上的安慰，只有选项A并未提及，

43、选项A符合题意。3.信息推断题。根据文章第二段，“They talked about treatments that would permit patients to discuss their feelings and to take part in activities meaningful to them.”他们讨论了为那些将死的癌症病人治疗的最好的方法。选项B符合题意。4.细节理解题。根据文章第二段，“The dying man gave Cicely Saunders enough money to study to become a doctor.” 是病人给她捐钱让她学习，成为一

44、名医生。选项C符合题意。5.信息推断题。根据文意，美国临终关怀医院是一件困难的事“ had a difficult job”，所以排除A。根据文章“they had to negotiate with the local government to use public money to care for the dying”，他们协商利用当地政府提供的公款来照顾这些垂死的病人，所以政府并没有直接禁止临终关怀医院，排除选项D，文章最后一段中提到 “They had to teach the public about the idea of hospice”，他们需要向公众传授临终关怀这种理念，

45、所以排除C选项，选项B符合题意。17. 单选题They are no longer on speaking terms because she（ ）his confidence.问题1选项A.exposedB.destroyedC.provedD.betrayed【答案】D【解析】动词词义辨析。expose“揭露，曝光”;destroy“毁灭，破坏”;prove“证明，检验，显示”;betray“背叛，出卖”。句意：他们不再和睦相处了，因为她背叛了他的信任。选项D符合题意。18. 单选题“Tear em apart “Kill the fool!” “Murder the referee!”T

46、hese are common remarks one may hear at various sporting events. At the time they are made, they may seem innocent enough. But lets not kid ourselves. They have been known to influence behavior in such a way as to lead to real bloodshed. Volumes have been written about the way words affect us. It ha

47、s been shown that words having certain connotations may cause us to react in ways quite foreign to what we consider to be our usual humanistic behavior. I see the term “opponent” as one of those words. Perhaps the time has come to delete it from sports terms.The dictionary meaning of the term “oppon

48、ent” is “adversary”，“enemy”，“one who opposes your interests. ，Thus, when a player meets an opponent, he or she may tend to treat that opponent as an enemy. At such times, winning may dominate ones intellect, and every action, no matter how gross, may be considered justifiable. I recall an incident i

49、n a handball game when a referee refused a players request for a time out for a glove change because he did not consider them wet enough. The player proceeded to rub his gloves across his wet T-shirt and then exclaimed. “Are they wet enough now?”In the heat of battle, players have been observed to t

50、hrow themselves across the court without considering the consequences that such a move might have on anyone in their way. I have also witnessed a player reacting to his opponents international and illegal blocking by deliberately hitting him with the ball as hard as he could during the course of pla

51、y. Off the court, they are good friends. Does that make any sense? It certainly gives proof of a court attitude which departs from normal behavior.Therefore, I believe it is time we elevated the game to the level where it belongs thereby setting an example to the rest of the sporting world. Replacin

52、g the term “opponent” with “associate” could be an ideal way to start.The dictionary meaning of the term “associate” is “colleague”； “friend”； “companion.” Reflect a moment! You may soon see and possibly feel the difference in your reaction to the term 1.“associate” rather than “opponent.”Which of t

53、he following statements best expresses the authors view?2.Harsh words are spoken during games because the players （ ）3.What did the handball player do when he was not allowed a time out to change his gloves?4.According to the passage, players in a game may （ ）.问题1选项A.Aggressive behavior in sports ca

54、n have serious consequences.B.The words people use can influence their behavior.C.Unpleasant words in sports are often used by foreign athletes.D.Unfair judgments by referees will lead to violence on the sports field.问题2选项A.are too eager to winB.are usually short-tempered and easily offendedC.cannot

55、 afford to be polite in fierce competitionD.treat their rivals as enemies问题3选项A.He refused to continue the game.B.He angrily hit the referee with a ball.C.He claimed that the referee was unfair.D.He wet his gloves by rubbing them across his T-shirt.问题4选项A.deliberately throw the ball at anyone illega

56、lly blocking their wayB.keep on screaming and shouting throughout the gameC.lie down on the ground as an act of protestD.dash with the ball across the court with force【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:D第4题:A【解析】1.主旨大意题。根据文章第二段，文章主要是讨论语言会对行为产生影响，下文以体育运动为例进一步讨论。选项A, C, D都是一些现象，所以B选项符合题意。2.信息推断题。根据文章第三段，运动员在比赛时容易说一些粗鲁

57、的话主要是因为把他们的对手视为敌人，“no matter how gross, may be considered justifiable.” 无论多粗俗，可以认为是正当的。选项D符合题意。3.细节理解题。根据第三段，“The player proceeded to rub his gloves across his wet T-shirt”，球员是将手套在湿T恤上擦湿，选项D符合题意。4.细节理解题。“a player reacting to his opponents international and illegal blocking by deliberately hitting hi

58、m.”，根据这句话得知球员用球撞击对方的方法来反应违规行为。选项A符合题意。19. 单选题Using many symbols make （ ） to put a large amount of information on a single map.问题1选项A.possibleB.it possibleC.it is possibleD.that possible【答案】B【解析】语法知识。it 做形式宾语，后面用动词不定式to do 接真正的宾语。句意：用大量的符号把大量的信息放在一张图上成为可能。选项B符合题意。20. 单选题The teacher role is not simply to（ ）knowledge to student; he should also set a good example for them.问题1选项A.provideB.impartC.shareD.stretch【答案】B【解析】动词词义解析。provide “提供”；impart “传授，给予”；share“分享，分担”，stretch“伸展，消耗”。句意：教师的责任不仅仅是给学生传授知识，也应该树立起一个好的榜样。选项B符合题意。