2022年考博英语-东北师范大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第28期

《2022年考博英语-东北师范大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第28期》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年考博英语-东北师范大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第28期（28页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、2022年考博英语-东北师范大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题The group of technicians are engaged in a study which （ ）all aspects of urban planning.问题1选项A.insertsB.gripsC.performsD.embraces【答案】D【解析】句意: 这组技术人员正忙于一项涉及到城市规划所有方面的研究。动词辨析。Insert插入，嵌入; grip抓住，紧握; perform执行,完成; embrace 拥抱, 包含。故D符合句意。2. 单选题To him, New York was a

2、place （ ）brought back to mind painful memories.问题1选项A.whereB.in whichC.thatD.there【答案】C【解析】句意: 于他而言，纽约是一个有痛苦记忆的地方。语法题。考查定语从句。先行词为Place, 在主句中作表语, 所以定语从句中关系词用that。3. 单选题You should have been more patient （ ）that customer; Im sure that selling him the watch was a possibility.问题1选项A.ofB.withC.forD.at【答案】

3、B【解析】句意: 你应该要对那位顾客更加耐心一些的，我相信他最终一定会买那块表。固定搭配。be patient with 对有耐心。4. 单选题It is said in some parts of the world, goats, rather than cows, serve as a vital （ ）of milk.问题1选项A.storageB.sourceC.reserveD.resource【答案】B【解析】句意: 据说，在世界上某些地方，牛奶的重要来源是山羊，而不是奶牛。名词辨析。Storage存储，仓库; source来源; reserve储备，储存; resource资源

4、，财力。因此B符合句意。5. 单选题Id rather you （ ）anything about it for the time being.问题1选项A.doB.didnt doC.dontD.didnt【答案】B【解析】句意: 我宁愿你目前什么也不要做。语法题。考查虚拟语气。Would rather后面接从句时要用虚拟语气, 表示对现在或将来的虚拟时, 从句的谓语动词用一般过去时。故选B。6. 单选题The boxer （ ）and almost fell when his opponent hit him.问题1选项A.staggeredB.shatteredC.scatteredD.

5、stamped【答案】A【解析】句意: 当被对手打中的时候，拳击手摇摇晃晃，差点摔倒了。动词辨析。stagger摇摇晃晃地走,蹒跚; shatter （使）破碎， 碎裂; scatter散开，驱散; stamp跺(脚),重踩。故A符合句意。7. 单选题After several nuclear disasters, a （ ）has raged over the safety of nuclear energy.问题1选项A.quarrelB.suspicionC.controversyD.verdict【答案】C【解析】句意: 发生几次核灾难之后，关于核能安全的问题引发了一场激烈的争论。名词

6、辨析。quarrel 吵架,口角; suspicion 怀疑,疑心; controversy 争论,辩论; verdict （陪审团的）裁定。故C符合句意。8. 单选题The biographer has to dance between two shaky positions with respect to the subject. Too close a relation, and the writer may lose objectivity. Not close enough, and the writer may lack the sympathy necessary to any

7、effort to portray a mind, a soul-the quality of life. Who should write the biography of a family, for example? Because of their closeness to the subject, family members may have special information, but by the same token, they may not have the distance that would allow them to be fair. Similarly, a

8、king，s servant might not be the best one to write a biography of that king. But a foreigner might not have the knowledge and sympathy necessary to write the kings biographynot for a readership from within the kingdom, at any rate.There is no ideal position for such a task. The biographer has to work

9、 with the position he or she has in the world, adjusting that position as necessary to deal with the subject. Every position has strengths and weaknesses: to thrive, a writer must try to become aware of these, evaluate them in terms of the subject, and select a position accordingly.When their subjec

10、ts are heroes or famous figures, biographers often reveal a democratic motive: they attempt to show that their subjects are only human, no better than anyone else. Other biographies are meant to change us, to invite us to become better than we are. The biographies of Jesus found in the Bible are in

11、this class.Biographers may claim that their account is “authentic” one. In advancing this claim, they are helped if the biography is “authorized” by the subject. This presumably allows the biographer special access to private information. “Unauthorized” biographers also have their appeal, however, s

12、ince they can suggest an independence of mind in the biographer. In book promotions, the “unauthorized” characterization usually suggests the prospect of juicy gossip that the subject had hoped to suppress. A subject might have several biographies, even several “authentic” ones. We sense intuitively

13、 that no one is in a position to tell “the” story of a life, perhaps not even the subject, and this has been proved by the history of biography.1.According to the author, an ideal biographer would be one who （ ）.2.The author cites the biographies of Jesus in the Bible in order to show that（ ）.3.Whic

14、h of the following statements is true, according to the passage?4.An unauthorized biography is likely to attract more readers because（ ）.5.In this passage, the author focuses on（ ）.问题1选项A.knows the subject very well and yet maintains a proper distance from himB.is close to the subject and knows the

15、techniques of biography writingC.is independent and knows the techniques of biography writingD.possesses special private information and is sympathetic toward the subject问题2选项A.the best biographies are meant to transform their readersB.biographies are authentic accounts of their subjects livesC.the

16、best biographies are those of heroes and famous figuresD.biographies can sever different purposes问题3选项A.An authentic biography seldom appeals to its readers.B.An authentic biography is one authorized by the subjectC.No one can write a perfect biography.D.Authorized biographies have a wider readershi

17、p.问题4选项A.it portrays the subject both faithfully and vividlyB.it contains interesting information about the subjects private lifeC.it reveals a lot of accurate details unknown to the outsidersD.it usually gives a sympathetic description of the subjects character问题5选项A.the difficulty of a biographer

18、in finding the proper perspective to do his jobB.the secret of a biographer to win more readersC.the techniques required of a biographer to write a good biographyD.the characteristics of different kinds of biographies【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。文章首句指出: The biographer has to dance betwee

19、n two shaky positions with respect to the subject (传记作家必须与主人公保持适当距离，并要时常调整与主人公之间的距离).故选A “既要比较了解，又要保持一定距离”。2.判断推理题。题干关键词The biographies of Jesus found in the Bible前面所在句为: When their subjects are heroes or famous figures, biographers often reveal a democratic motive (当主人公是英雄或著名人物吋，传记作者常常会流露出民主的动机)以及

20、Other biographies are meant to change us (其它一些传记则有意要改变我们)。可知选择D “传记可以有不同的目的”。3.细节事实题。根据第一段内容可知传记作家和主人公的关系太近太远都不好; 第二段第一句指出: There is no ideal position for such a task (要完成这一任务，没有最佳位罝);最后一段最后一句: We sense intuitively that no one is in a position to tell “the” story of a life (我们直觉地意识到没有人能够讲述完整的人生故事)。故

21、选C “没人能写出完美传记”。4.细节事实题。最后一段指出: the “unauthorized” characterization usually suggests the prospect of juicy gossip that the subject had hoped to suppress (未经授权的传记通常意味着读者有可能从中读到主人公不希望公之于众的刺激的八卦消息), 因此选B “包含有关主人公私生活的有趣的信息”。5.主旨大意题。文章指出: 传记作家在与主人公关系太近太远都不好。无论传记作者如何描述，都不能完完全全展示人物的真实生活。因此选A “传记作者很难选准最佳角度去写

22、作”。9. 单选题You should know better than （ ）your little sister at home by herself.问题1选项A.to leaveB.leavingC.to have leftD.left【答案】A【解析】句意: 你应该很清楚不应该把你妹妹一个人留在家里。固定搭配。know better than to do sth. 很清楚不应该做。10. 单选题One of the favorite foods in the United States is the hamburger, a kind of flat round bread with

23、 fine-cut beef in between. The favorite place to buy a hamburger is a fast food restaurant. At fast food restaurants, people order their food, wait a few minutes to get it over the counter, and carry it to their tables themselves. People also take their food out of the restaurant to eat it in their

24、cars or in their homes. At some fast food restaurants, people can order their food, pay for it and pick it up without leaving their cars.There are many kinds of fast food restaurants in the United States. Most of the restaurants sell hamburgers or other popular foods among Americans. In addition, th

25、ere are many fast food restaurants that serve Chinese food, Italian food, chicken, seafood and ice cream. The idea of a fast food restaurant is so popular that nearly every kind of food can be found in one.Fast food restaurants are popular because they show the American way of life. First, they are

26、not formal restaurants. People wear any type of dress when they go to a fast food place. Second, they are fast. People who are busy do not want to spend time preparing their food or waiting while someone else prepares it. In fast food restaurants the food restaurant is not expensive. Therefore, peop

27、le can often eat at a fast food restaurant without spending too much money, while they may not be able to go to more expensive rest1.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?2.Fast food restaurants are popular because they （ ）.3.According to the writer, American people（ ）.4.Accord

28、ing to the passage, the favorite restaurants in the U.S. are（ ）.5.The best title for this passage would be（ ）.问题1选项A.Chinese food is also served in some fast food restaurantsB.People can have almost every kind of food in fast food restaurantsC.Fast food can be taken out of the restaurantsD.Fast food

29、 can be taken out of the restaurants问题2选项A.are manyB.are fastC.are expensive restaurantsD.serve expensive food问题3选项A.are always busyB.prefer ordinary type of dressC.do not want to spend too much time preparing their foodD.go to more expensive restaurants very often问题4选项A.the Chinese restaurantsB.the

30、 fast food restaurantsC.more expensive restaurantsD.less expensive restaurants问题5选项A.Fast food Restaurants in the U.S.B.The Favorite Food in the U.S.C.The American Way of LifeD.Different Kinds of Restaurants【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。文章最后一段指出: most food in a fast food restaurant is not

31、 expensive(快餐店的大多数食物都不贵),因此C项错误。2.细节事实题。第三段指出: Fast food restaurants are popular because they show the American way of life (快餐店很受欢迎，因为它们展现了美国人的生活方式),后面指出了受欢迎的第二点原因,即快餐店很快。因此B正确。3.细节事实题。第三段指出: people who are busy do not want to spend time preparing their food.( 忙碌的人不想花时间准备食物),因此C正确。4.细节事实题。第三段指出: Fa

32、st food restaurants are popular,而且文章都是在讲快餐店很受欢迎。故B项 “快餐店”正确。5.主旨大意题。文章第一段讲快餐店的点餐方式,第二段讲美国快餐店种类之多,第三段讲快餐店受欢迎的原因。因此A项“美国的快餐店”正确。11. 单选题Human relations have commanded peoples attention from early times. The ways of people have been recorded in innumerable myths, folktales, novels, plays, and popular or

33、 philosophical essays. Although the full significance of a human relationship may not be directly evident, the complexity of feelings and actions that can be understood at a glance is surprisingly great. For this reason psychology holds a unique position among the sciences. “Intuitive” knowledge may

34、 be remarkably penetrating and can significantly help us understand human behavior, whereas in the physical sciences such commonsense knowledge is relatively primitive. If we erased all knowledge of scientific physics from our modem word, not only would we not have cars and television set, we might

35、even find that the ordinary person was unable to cope with the fundamental mechanical problems of pulleys and levers. On the other hand if we removed all knowledge of scientific psychology from our world, problems in interpersonal relations might easily be coped with and solved much as before. We wo

36、uld still “know” how to avoid doing something asked of us and how to get someone to agree with us; we would still “know” when someone was angry and when someone was pleased. One could even offer sensible explanations for the “whys of much of the selfs behavior and feelings. In other words, the ordin

37、ary person has a great and profound understanding of the self and of other people which, though unformulated or only vaguely conceived, enables one to interact with others in more or less adaptive ways. Kohler, in referring to the lack of great discoveries in psychology as compared with physics, acc

38、ounts for this by saying that “people were acquainted with practically all territories of mental life a long time before the founding of scientific psychology”.Paradoxically, with all this natural, intuitive, commonsense capacity to grasp human, relations, the science of human relations has been one

39、 of the last to develop. Different explanations of this paradox have been suggested. One is that science would destroy the vain and pleasing illusions people have about themselves; but we might ask why people have always loved to read pessimistic, debunking writings, from Ecclesiastes to Freud. It h

40、as also been proposed that just because we know so much about people intuitively, there has been less incentive for studying them scientifically; why should one develop a theory, carry out systematic observations, or make predictions about the obvious? In any case, the field of human relations, with

41、 its vast literary, documentation but meager scientific treatment, is in great contrast to the field of physic in which there are relatively few nonscientific books.1.According to the passage, it has been suggested that the science of human relations was slow to develop because（ ）.2.Which of the fol

42、lowing claims supports the authors statement that “Psychology holds a unique position among the sciences，？3.According to the passage, an understanding of the self can be（ ）.4.The author implies that attempts to treat human relations scientifically have thus far been relatively（ ）.5.It can be inferre

43、d that the author assumes that common sense knowledge of human relations is（ ）.问题1选项A.intuitive knowledge of human relations is derived from philosophyB.early scientists were more interested in the physical worldC.scientific studies of human relations appear to investigate the obvious.D.the scientif

44、ic method is difficult to apply to the study of human relations问题2选项A.The full meaning of a human relationship may not be obvious.B.Commonsense understanding of human relations can be incisive.C.Intuitive knowledge in the physical sciences in relatively advanced.D.Subjective bias is difficult to con

45、trol in psychological research.问题3选项A.highly biased due to unconscious factorsB.improved by specialized trainingC.profound even when vaguely conceivedD.irrelevant for understanding human relations问题4选项A.unilluminatingB.paradoxicalC.pessimisticD.encouraging问题5选项A.equally well developed among all adul

46、ts within a given societyB.biased insofar as it is based on myths and folktalesC.typically unrelated on an individuals interactions with other peopleD.usually sufficiently accurate to facilitate interactions with others【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:C第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。最后一段指出: Paradoxically, with all this nat

47、ural, intuitive, commonsense capacity to grasp human, relations, the science of human relations has been one of the last to develop (矛盾的是，人类拥有如此本能来经营人际关系，而有关人际关系处理的技巧却在最后才得到发展)。接着后面指出: why should one develop a theory, carry out systematic observations, or make predictions about the obvious?( 人们为何要为一

48、个明白的事实去系统进行观测，再建立起一套理论呢？)。故选C。2.细节事实题。第一段开头主要介绍了心理学能在众科学中占有独特位罝的原因: Although the full significance of a human relationship may not be directly evident, the complexity of feelings and actions that can be understood at a glance is surprisingly great. For this reason psychology holds a unique position

49、among the sciences (虽然人际关系的全部意义并非一目了然，但是要是能一眼瞥去就能明白那些复杂感情和动作的意思，自然妙不可言。这也是心理学能在众科学中占有独特位置的原因)。因此B正确。3.细节事实题。根据题干关键词understanding of the self定位至第一段: In other words, the ordinary person has a great and profound understanding of the self and of other people which, though unfonnulated or only vaguely co

50、nceived.( 换句话说，人们对于自身和他人其实有一个很深刻和全面的了解，即 使只是在模糊的意识层面)。因此选C “虽然只是在模糊的意识层面，但是是深刻的”。4.判断推理题。最后一段: why should one develop a theory, carry out systematic observations, or make predictions about the obvious? (人们为何要为一个明白的事实去系统进行观测，再建立起一套理论呢？), 因此推断A项 “无启发性的”正确。5.判断推理题。第一段指出: On the other hand if we removed

51、 all knowledge of scientific psychology from our world, problems in interpersonal relations might easily be coped with and solved much as before (反过来讲，假设我们将全部的心理学科学知识移除我们的世界，可能人际关系上的问题依然能够很顺利地得到解决)。因此可知, 人们对于人际关系的常识最够可以解决人际交往中的问题, 故选D。12. 单选题Nothing in the history of modem astronomy has excited as m

52、uch speculation as the object, or event, known as a black hole. Black holes have provided endless imaginative fodder for science fiction writers and endless theoretical fodder for astrophysicists. They are one of the more exotic manifestations of the theory of general relativity, and their fascinati

53、on lies in the way their tremendous gravity affects nearby space and time.A black hole is very simple in structure: it has a surface the event horizon and a center the singularity. Everything else is gravity. The standard model for the formation of a black hole involves the collapse of a lager star.

54、 The imaginary spherical surface surrounding the collapsed star is the event horizon an artificial boundary in pace that marks a point of no return. Outside the event horizon, gravity is strong but finite, and it is possible for objects to break free of its pull. However, once within the event horiz

55、on, an object would need to travel faster than light to escape.For extremely massive stars, the exclusion principle the resistance between the macular particle within the star as they are compressed 一 will not be strong enough to offset the gravity generated by the stars own mass. The stars increasi

56、ng density will overwhelm the exclusion principle. What follows is runaway gravitational collapse. With no internal force to stop it, the star will simply continue to collapse in on itself. Once a collapsing star has contracted through its event horizon, nothing can stop it from collapsing further u

57、ntil its entire mass is crushed down to a single point a point of infinite density and zero volume-toe singularity.The star now disappears from the perceivable universe, like a cartoon character that jumps in to a hole and pulls the hole in after him. What this process leaves behind is a deterrent k

58、ind of hole a profound disturbance in space-time, a region where gravity is, so intense that nothing can escape from it. Any object falling within the boundary of a black hole has no choice but to move inward toward the singularity and disappear from our universe forever. Moreover, a black hole can

59、never be plugged up or filled in with matter: the more matter that is pound into a black hole the bigger it gets.A What would happen to objects, such as astronauts, as they vanished into a black hole? B Physicists have been amusing themselves with this question for years, and most believe that the i

60、ntense gravitational forces would rip apart the astronauts long before they were crushed at the singularity. C Theoretically, any astronauts who mortgaged to survive the passage would encounter some very strange things. D For instance, they would experience acute time distortion, which would enable

61、them to know, in a few brief seconds, the entire future of the universe.Inside a black hole, space arid time are so warped that the distance from the event horizon to the singularity is not a distance in space in the normal sense what we can measure in kilometers. Instead, it becomes a distance in t

62、ime. The time it takes to reach the singularity from the event horizon as measured by someone falling in is proportional to the mass of the black hole.The only way what astronauts would know whether they had crossed the event horizon would be if tried to halt their fall and climb out again by firing

63、 their engines enough to push themselves back from the center of the hole. However, because of the time warp, if the astronauts tried to do this, they would reach the singularity faster than if they had left their engines off. Moreover, since they could get no farther once they reached the singularity, this point would mark the end of time itself.1.The word fodder in paragraph I is closest