2022-2023年考博英语-南昌大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第47期

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1、2022-2023年考博英语-南昌大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题Some people complain doctors for too many medicines for minor illnesses.问题1选项A.advisingB.deliveringC.orderingD.prescribing【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。Advise “建议”；deliver “交付；递送”；order “命令”；prescribe “开药方”。句意：一些人抱怨医生总是给小病开很多药。选项D符合题意。2. 单选题A joke or two always up a lecture,

2、 I think.问题1选项A.raiseB.loosenC.livenD.inspire【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。raise “提高”；loosen “放松；松开”；liven “使高兴”，liven up “使有生气”；inspire “激发，鼓舞”。根据关键词a lecture，可知是liven up 符合题意。句意：我认为一两个笑话可以使课堂更有生气。选项C符合题意。3. 单选题If we continue to harm the environment we live in, we will the course of human being into danger.问题1

3、选项A.turnB.start outC.putD.carry【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。Turn into “进入，变成”。句意：如果我们继续破坏我们居住的环境，我们会让人类陷入危险。选项A符合题意。4. 单选题Doctors believe that secondhand smoke may cause lung cancer in people who do not smoke. Nonsmokers often breathe in the smoke from other peoples cigarettes. This is secondhand smoke. The U.S.

4、 Environmental Protection Agency reports that about fifty-three thousand people die in America each year as a result of exposure to secondhand smoke.The smoke that comes from a lit cigarette contains many different poisonous chemicals. In the past, scientists did not think these chemicals harm a non

5、smokers health. Recently, though, scientists expressed their opinion after they studied a large group of nonsmokers. They discovered that even nonsmokers had unhealthy amounts of these toxic chemicals in their bodies. As a matter of fact, almost all of us breathe tobacco smoke at times, whether we r

6、ealize it or not. For example, we cannot avoid secondhand smoke in restaurants, hotels, and other public places. Even though many public places have nonsmoking areas, smoke flows in from the areas where smoking is permitted.It is even harder for children to avoid secondhand smoke. In America, nine m

7、illion children under the age of five live in homes with at least one smoker. Research shows that these children are sick more often than the children who live in homes where no one smokes. The damaging effects of secondhand smoke on children also continue as they grow up. The children of smokers ar

8、e more than twice as likely to develop lung cancer when they are adults as the children of nonsmokers. The risk is even higher for the children who live in homes where both parents smoke.1. It can be inferred that about fifty-three thousand people die in America .2. Non-smokers get harmed by smokers

9、 .3. Which of the following is NOT true?4. Which of the following is NOT listed as a negative effect imposed by secondhand smoking on children?5. Which group of children suffer from secondhand smoking to the greater extent?问题1选项A.because of smokingB.though they dont smokeC.because their parents smok

10、eD.though their parents dont smoke问题2选项A.because of the poisonous smoke they breathe inB.if they live togetherC.when there is no non-smoking area in the public utilitiesD.though the poisonous chemicals contained in the smoke dont harm them问题3选项A.Non-smokers may be passively involved in secondhand sm

11、okingB.Non-smokers may die of secondhand smokingC.We all, more or less, suffer from secondhand smokingD.Secondhand smoking is even more harmful than smoking itself问题4选项A.They are sick more oftenB.They are more likely to develop mental diseaseC.It will influence their future lifeD.They are more likel

12、y to develop lung cancer问题5选项A.Children under the age of five living in homes with no smokersB.Children under the age of five living in homes with one parent smokingC.Children under the age of five living in homes with two parents smokingD.Children under the age of five living away from their parent

13、s【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第一段最后一句话提到美国每年大约有五万三千人死于二手烟（The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency reports that about fifty-three thousand people die in America each year as a result of exposure to secondhand smoke），由此可知选项B符合题意。2.判断推理题。文章第二段提到点燃的香烟产生的烟雾含有许多不同的有毒化学物质（The smoke that come

14、s from a lit cigarette contains many different poisonous chemicals），接着提到即使不吸烟的人体内也含有大量有害的有毒化学物质（They discovered that even nonsmokers had unhealthy amounts of these toxic chemicals in their bodies），由此可知不吸烟的人之所以受吸烟人的影响是因为他们吸入了有毒气体，因此选项A符合题意。3.细节事实题。文章讲述了二手烟的危害，选项A“不吸烟的人被迫吸入二手烟”、选项B“不吸烟的人由于吸入二手烟而丧命”、选项

15、C“我们所有人或多或少都会受到二手烟的影响”都能在文章中体现，因此选项D符合题意。4.细节事实题。文章并没有提到吸入二手烟的不良影响与精神疾病有关，因此选项B符合题意。5.细节事实题。文章最后一段最后一句话提到对于那些父母都吸烟的家庭中的孩子来说，这种风险甚至更高（The risk is even higher for the children who live in homes where both parents smoke），因此选项C符合题意。5. 单选题The famous scientist his success to hard work.问题1选项A.ascribedB.gra

16、ntedC.impartedD.acknowledged【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。ascribe “归因于”，一般与to 搭配，ascribe to “把归于”；grant “（合法地）授予”；impart “告知”；acknowledge “承认，确认”。句意：这位著名的科学家将其成功归功于努力。选项A符合题意。6. 单选题For many years, artists have flocked to Paris, France, to paint or to learn to paint. Perhaps artists first went there because of t

17、he citys beauty. They went to paint pictures of the broad tree-lined streets, the great churches, and the graceful river bridges. The artists felt comfortable in Paris because the people of the city had always enjoyed art. Paris had great art museums, filled with famous paintings and statues from ma

18、ny countries. And the people of Paris had always welcomed new ideas. In this city artists felt free to experiment with new ways of painting. As soon as famous artists painted in Paris, students came to learn them. People came to buy paintings. Men called art dealers set up galleries where paintings

19、could be bought and sold. Others kept shops that sold artists paints and supplies. Students and the artists who were not yet famous could live in Paris for very little money. They learned by studying great art in the museums, and they learned from one another. They held art fairs, hanging their pain

20、tings outdoors along the streets.Today, New York City and Florence, Italy, are also famous art centers. But the worlds principal art exhibits are still held in Paris. Important judges of art live there. Most of the new ways of painting that have started in the last hundred years began in Paris. So a

21、rtists and art dealers still go to Paris because it is the worlds leading art center.1. Artists first went to Paris because .2. Artists still go to Paris now because .3. The main idea of the story is about .4. The story leads us to believe .5. The story does not say so, but it makes us think .问题1选项A

22、.it was very beautifulB.it was cheap to live thereC.there were a lot of streets, bridges and churchesD.there were a lot of art museums问题2选项A.it is still very beautifulB.it is still cheap to live thereC.there are more art museumsD.it is the leading art center of the world问题3选项A.the worlds most famous

23、 art centerB.how to buy a painting in ParisC.the famous art centers of New York and FlorenceD.art museums and art dealers问题4选项A.all artists who go to Paris will become famousB.the people of Paris have never liked new ideasC.people can buy fine paintings in ParisD.Paris is the most beautiful city in

24、the world问题5选项A.that Paris is famous for its artists paintsB.that there is more than one way to paintC.that art fairs are held in galleriesD.that few artists will go to Paris in the future【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第一段第二句话提到也许艺术家第一次去巴黎是因为它的美（Perhaps artists first went there because o

25、f the citys beauty）,，因此选项A符合题意。2.细节事实题。文章第二段最后一句话提到艺术家和艺术交易商仍然去巴黎，因为它是世界领先的艺术中心（So artists and art dealers still go to Paris because it is the worlds leading art center），因此选项D符合题意。3.推理判断题。文章讲述的信息都是关于巴黎，而巴黎是世界著名的艺术中心，因此选项A符合题意。4.细节事实题。文章第一段提到很多著名的画家在巴黎作画，人们可以买这些画（As soon as famous artists painted in

26、Paris, students came to learn them. People came to buy paintings），由此可知人们在巴黎可以买到好画，选项C符合题意。5.推理判断题。文章第二段倒数第二句话提到在过去一百年里，很多新的绘画方式都始于巴黎（Most of the new ways of painting that have started in the last hundred years began in Paris），由此可知不止一种绘画方式，因此选项B符合题意。7. 单选题You cannot ignorance as your excuse; you shou

27、ld have known what was happening all along.问题1选项A.refer toB.defendC.pleadD.persist in【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。refer to “参考，涉及”；defend “辩护；防护”；plead “借口”；persist in “坚持；固执于”。句意：你不能拿无知当借口；你本就应该知道发生了什么事情。8. 单选题_ his knowledge and academic background, he is basically stupid.问题1选项A.But forB.According toC.For al

28、lD.Thanks to【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。but for “要不是；如果没有”；according to “根据，依据”；for all “尽管，虽然”；thanks to “由于，幸亏”。句意：尽管他知识渊博，也受过教育，但本质上是愚蠢的。选项C符合题意。9. 单选题The decision of the university to close the swimming pool at weekends an angry reaction among students.问题1选项A.nurturedB.provokedC.cultivatedD.stimulated【答案】B【

29、解析】考查动词词义辨析。nurtured “培育”；provoked “激起，挑衅”；cultivated “发展；耕作”；stimulated “促进；激发”。句意：学校决定在周末封闭游泳池引起学生激烈的反对。选项B符合题意。10. 单选题The government has decided to an investigation into the increase in deaths from drugs.问题1选项A.initiateB.generateC.conspireD.negotiate【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。initiate “开始，创造”；generate “使形

30、成”；conspire “共谋，协力”；negotiate “谈判，交涉”。句意：政府决定对毒品致死人数的增加进行调查。选项A符合题意。11. 单选题He asked me to lend him some money, which I agreed to do, _ that he paid me back to following week.问题1选项A.on conditionB.on purposeC.on occasionD.only if【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。on condition “只要，以为条件” ；on purpose “有目的的”；on occasion “有时

31、，偶尔”；only if “只要就”。句意：他问我借些钱，我同意借给他，前提是他（必须）下周还我。选项A符合题意。12. 单选题By signing the lease we made a _ to pay a rent of $150 a week.问题1选项A.conceptionB.commissionC.commitmentD.confinement【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。make a commitment “承诺”。句意：根据所签的租赁合同，我们承诺每周付150美元的租金。选项C符合题意。13. 翻译题The history of ecological change is s

32、till so elementary that we know little about what really happened, or what the results were. The destruction of the European aurochs as late as 1627 would seem to have been a simple case of overenthusiastic hunting. On more complex matters it often is impossible to find solid information. For a thou

33、sand years or more the Frisians and Netherlanders have been pushing back the North Sea, and the process is culminating in our own time in the reclamation of the Zuider Zee. What, if any, species of animals, birds, fish, shore life, or plants have died out in the process? In their heroic combat with

34、the sea have the Netherlanders overlooked ecological values in such a way that the quality of human life in the Netherlands has suffered? I cannot discover that the questions have ever been asked, much less answered.(1)People, then, have often been a dynamic element in their own environment, but in

35、the present state of historical scholarship we usually do know exactly when, where, or with what effects man-induced changes came. As we enter the last third of the 20th century, however for the problem of ecological backlash is mounting feverishly. Natural science, conceived as the effort to unders

36、tand the nature of things, had flourished in several eras and among several peoples. Similarly there had been an age-old accumulation of technological skills, sometimes growing rapidly, sometimes slowly. But it was not until about four generations ago that Western Europe and North America arranged a

37、 marriage between science and technology, a union of the theoretical and the empirical approaches to our natural environment. The emergence in widespread practice of the Baconian belief that scientific knowledge means technological power over nature can scarcely be dated before about 1850, save in t

38、he chemical industries, where it is anticipated in the 18th century. (2)Its acceptance as a normal pattern of action may mark the greatest event in human history since the invention of agriculture, and perhaps in nonhuman earth history as well.【答案】1. 因此，人们在他们自己的环境中常常是一个动态的因素，但在目前的历史学术状态下，我们通常确实知道人为的

39、变化在何时、何地或以何种影响出现。2. 它被接受为一种正常的行为模式，可能标志着自农业发明以来人类历史上最重大的事件，也许在非人类的地球历史上也是如此。14. 单选题Geoffrey had been completely exhausted but felt considerably after a meal and a good rest.问题1选项A.refreshedB.renewedC.regainedD.reshaped【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。Refresh “使恢复”；renew “使更新”；regain “恢复”；reshape “改造”。句意：杰弗里已经完全筋疲力

40、尽了，但在吃了一顿饭并好好休息了之后，他重新恢复神气。选项A符合题意。15. 单选题After that shock, his friends and family often advise him not to drink more wine is good for his health.问题1选项A.thatB.thanC.asD.but【答案】C【解析】考查连词的用法。根据句意，可知此处需要填入一个表示原因的连词。句意：在那次打击之后，他的朋友和家人经常劝他不要再喝酒了，因为这对他的健康有好处。选项C符合题意。16. 单选题Surprisingly perhaps, the bigges

41、t health risk for tourists travelling abroad is actually road traffic accidents.问题1选项A.potentialB.theoreticalC.definiteD.alternative【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。potential “潜在的，可能的” ；theoretical “理论的；理论上的”；definite “一定的，确切的”；alternative “供选择的；选择性的”。句意：也许令人惊讶的是，对出国旅游的游客来说，最大的潜在健康风险实际上是道路交通事故。选项A符合题意。17. 单选题Labo

42、r and management have agreed on a temporary settlement, thereby a strike.问题1选项A.startingB.forestallingC.causingD.accelerating【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。start “开始”；forestall “预先阻止”；cause “导致”；accelerate “使加快”。根据关键信息 a temporary settlement可知是暂时解决了问题，因此阻止了罢工（strike）。选项B符合题意。句意：劳资双方达成了协议，一场罢工被阻止。18. 单选题People ha

43、ve been donating blood since the early twentieth century to help accident victims and patients undergoing surgical procedures. Usually a pint of whole blood is donated, and it is then divided into platelets, white blood cells, and red blood cells. People can donate blood (for red blood cells) about

44、once every two months.Transfusing the blood from the donor to the recipient is straightforward. D.It involves taking the blood from a donors arm vein by means of a hypodermic syringe. The blood flows through a plastic tube to a collection bag or bottle that contains sodium citrate, which prevents th

45、e blood from clotting.When the blood is given to a patient, a plastic tube and hypodermic needle are connected to the recipients arm. The blood flows down from the container by gravity. This is a slow process and may last as long as 2 hours to complete the infusion of blood into the recipient. The p

46、atient is protected from being infected during the transfusion. Only sterile containers, tubing, and needles are used, and this helps ensure that transfused or stored blood is not exposed to disease-causing bacteria.Negative reactions to transfusions are not unusual. The recipient may suffer an alle

47、rgic reaction or be sensitive to donor leukocytes. Some may suffer from an undetected red-cell incompatibility. Unexplained reactions are also fairly common. Although they are rare, other causes of such negative reactions include contaminated blood, air bubbles in the blood, overloading of the circu

48、latory system through administration of excess blood, or sensitivity to donor plasma or platelets.Today, hospitals and blood banks go to great lengths to screen all blood donors and their blood. D.All donated blood is routinely and rigorously tested for diseases, such as HIV (which cause AIDS), hepa

49、titis B, and syphilis. When the recipient is a newborn or an infant, the blood is usually irradiated to eliminate harmful clement. Donated blood is washed, and the white blood cells and platelets are removed.Storing the blood sometimes requires a freezing process, to freeze the red blood cells, a gl

50、ycerol solution is added. D.To unfreeze, the glycerol is removed. D.The ability to store blood for long periods has been a boon to human health.1. According to this passage, how often can people donate blood for red blood cells?2. Which sentence in paragraph 2 explains how clotting is prevented in t

51、he blood container?3. All of the following are mentioned as potential negative reactions to transfusions EXCEPT?4. Based on the information in the passage, what can be inferred about blood transfused to infants and newborns?5. What does the author imply in the passage?问题1选项A.Every monthB.Every two m

52、onthsC.Every three monthsD.Every year问题2选项A.The first sentenceB.The second sentenceC.The third sentenceD.None of the above问题3选项A.allergiesB.sensitivity to donor leukocytesC.red-cell incompatibilityD.air bubbles in the blood问题4选项A.It is as rigorously tested as blood for adultsB.It is treated with rad

53、iant energyC.It is not treated differently from adultsD.It is not dangerous for children问题5选项A.Transfusing blood is a dangerous processB.Freezing blood destroys plateletsC.Clotting cannot be preventedD.Storing blood benefits mankind【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文章第一段最后一句话提到的内容People can

54、 donate blood (for red blood cells) about once every two months可知选项B符合题意。2.判断推理题。第二段第一句话提到把献血的血液输血给接受者很简单。第二句话提到通过皮下注射器从献血者手臂的静脉中抽取血液。第三句话提到柠檬酸钠可以防止血液凝固。因此可知是第三句话讲述了如何防止血液凝固，选项C符合题意。3.细节事实题。根据文章第四段前三句话，可以排除A、B、C三个选项，因此选项D符合题意。4.细节事实题。文章第五段倒数第二句话提到当接受者是新生儿或婴儿时，通常对血液进行辐射处理以消除有害的毒素（When the recipient i

55、s a newborn or an infant, the blood is usually irradiated to eliminate harmful clement），由此可知选项B符合题意。5.细节事实题。文章第六段最后一句话提到长期储存血液的能力对人类健康大有裨益（The ability to store blood for long periods has been a boon to human health），因此选项D符合题意。19. 单选题_ conflict among city-states caused the eventual decline of Greek c

56、ivilization.问题1选项A.ContinuousB.ContinualC.ConstantD.Contrary【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。continuous “连续的，持续的”，中间没有间断；continual “持续不断的；频繁的”，中间可能有间断；constant “不变的；恒定的；经常的”；contrary “相反的，对立的”。句意：城邦之间持续不断的冲突最终导致了希腊文明的衰落。选项B符合题意。20. 翻译题Crafty men condemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them; for

57、they teach not their own use; but that there is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation. Read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider.【答案】有实际才干的人鄙薄书本；头脑简单的人羡慕书本；只有聪明人才会运用书本。因为书籍本身并不教人如何运用，运用之道，乃在书外，且高于书本，唯有通过观察才能学到。读书时不可存心与作者辩难，不可以轻信盲从，也不可寻章摘句，作为谈资，而须权衡与琢磨。